Unification of Germany & Italy

GERMANY

1849Independent small German states (Prussia largest)

**Similarities: German language & Protestant faith

1862

Otto von Bismark becomes Prussia’s chief minister --- wants to unify Germany w/ “blood and iron” policy = powerful army

**Obstacles: Austria, France, & German princes

War w/ DenmarkA

1864 - 1) Denmark invades Schleswig 2) Prussia & Austria free it from the Danes (Danish) 3) P & A split the conquered provinces

B War w/ Austria

1866 - 1) P & A fight over the provinces = Austro- Prussian War (7 weeks war) 2) Prussia wins hurts Austrian power1867 - Bismark creates and controls N. German Confederation (all but 4 Catholic states)

War w/ France1870 - 1) Bismark & Napoleon III create a dispute and declare war 2) S. German states join N. German Confederation Franco- Prussian War 3) French defeated & Napoleon taken prisoner 1871 – Paris surrendersTreaty of Frankfurt 1) Germany received 2 provinces (coal & iron) 2) France had to give $$$ to Germany 3) S. German states join & German Empire created

C

King William I becomes

Kaiser of Germany

Bismark becomes

chancellor

**German Empire

ITALY

1848 Failed Revolution led by Giusseppi Garibaldi

**Obstacles: Austria and the pope

1852

“risorgimento”

movement led by

Count Camillo Cavour

(prime minister of Piedmont)-promoted constitutional monarchy

& economic growth**need to be economically & politically

stronger to win Italian territory from Austria

1) Secret alliance w/ France & provokes Austria

2) War ends w/ treaty: Piedmont receives state of Lombardy

3) Rebellions break out in Tuscany, Parma, & Modena against Austria = success

1860 – Piedmont controls all of Italy, except Kingdom of 2 Sicilies, Papal States, and Venetia

May 1860 -

Garibaldi w/ army called Red Shirts take control of Kingdom of 2 Sicilies

**Papal states protected by French army

1861 – Victor Emmanuel 2 (King of Sardinia) declared King of Italy

1866 – Italy allies w/ Prussia in 7 Weeks War

**defeat of Austria = province of Venetia taken over by Italy

1870 – Franco-Prussian – withdrew troops from Rome – Italians took control and Rome becomes capital

Map of Italy in 1859 1860 1861 1870

A B C

1849 1862Independent small German states (Prussia largest)

**Similarities: German language & Protestant faith

Otto von Bismark becomes Prussia’s chief minister --- wants to unify Germany w/ “blood and iron” policy = powerful army

**Obstacles: Austria, France, & German princes

1864 - 1) Denmark invades Schleswig 2) Prussia & Austria free it from the Danes (Danish) 3) P & A split the conquered provinces

War w/ Denmark War w/ Austria1866 - 1) P & A fight over the provinces = Austro- Prussian War (7 weeks war) 2) Prussia wins hurts Austrian power1867 - Bismark creates and controls N. German Confederation (all but 4 Catholic states)

**German Empire

King William I becomes Kaiser of

Germany; Bismark becomes chancellor

War w/ France1870 - 1) Bismark & Napoleon III create a dispute and declare war 2) S. German states join N. German Confederation Franco- Prussian War 3) French defeated & Napoleon taken prisoner 1871 – Paris surrendersTreaty of Frankfurt 1) Germany received two provinces (coal & iron) 2) France had to give $$$ to Germany 3) S. German states join & German Empire created

GERMANY

1848 Failed Revolution led by Giusseppi Garibaldi

**Obstacles: Austria and the pope

1852

“risorgimento”movement led by

Count Camillo Cavour(prime minister of Piedmont)

-promoted constitutional monarchy & economic growth

**need to be economically & politically stronger to win Italian territory from Austria

1) Secret alliance w/ France & provokes Austria

2) War ends w/ treaty: Piedmont receives state of Lombardy

3) Rebellions break out in Tuscany, Parma, & Modena against Austria = success

1860 – Piedmont controls all of Italy, except Kingdom of 2 Sicilies, Papal States, and Venetia

May 1860 - Garibaldi w/ army called Red Shirts take control of Kingdom of 2 Sicilies

**Papal states protected by French army

1861 – Victor Emmanuel 2 (King of Sardinia) declared King of Italy

1866 – Italy allies w/ Prussia in 7 Weeks War **defeat of Austria = province of Venetia taken over by Italy

1870 – Franco-Prussian – withdrew troops from Rome – Italians took control and Rome becomes capital