Union of Two CrownsEgypt’s Villages are thriving!

* Surplus of Crops* New Technology* Tools, pottery, jewelry

There was also TERROR AND FEAR!!

Wars were waging between villages. How do we know this?

Evidence of ruins of wallsand paintings of bloody battle scenes!

Banding Together

• The people of Egypt joined together into two separate kingdoms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.

• Upper Egypt King wore a white crown.

• Lower Egypt King wore a red crown.

Pharaoh Menes

• KING OF UPPER EGYPT• LED HIS FORCES INTO

LOWER EGYPT AND OVERTHREW THE KING

• BECAME THE FIRST PHARAOH (THE NAME GIVEN TO ALL RULERS IN EGYPT)

• DOUBLE CROWN- – SHOWED VICTORY– SYMBOLIZED UNIFICATION-

JOINING OF SEPARATE PARTS INTO ONE

THE OLD KINGDOM

Government Under the Pharaohs

• Most powerful leaders were assigned as local governors.– Collected taxes, local

judges, made sure floodwaters were shared evenly

– Reported to Egypt’s headquarters in Memphis, the ancient capital of Egypt

Religion in Ancient EgyptPharaoh- great political and

religious powerEgyptians believed the pharaoh

was a child of Ra, the sun god and most important

RA

• Gave life to Earth• Pharaoh gave life to

Egypt• Ra and pharaoh

deserved to be worshipped

Isis- protected people from sickness and harm

Osiris- represented the dead who awaited rebirth

Egypt’s Economy

ALL THINGS IN EGYPT BELONGED TO THE PHARAOH, MAKING HIM THE CENTER OF THE ECONOMY!

ECONOMY

• Way people manage money and resources for the production of goods and services

• Egypt’s economy was based on agriculture

Division of Surplus Food Collected For Taxes

Taxes, Taxes, Taxes

• Pharaoh taxed everything, even people’s TIME!!

• For example, during flood season, Egyptians from priests to potters to farmers were called upon to build canals or buildings for the government.

• Craftworkers and artists kept temples supplied in exchange for clothes and food.

A SYSTEM OF WRITING

HIEROGLYPHICS

• Made up of about 800 picture signs

• Individual picture-signs or symbols were called hieroglyphs

• Could stand for objects or sounds

• The reason we know so much about Ancient Egyptians

• Rosetta Stone

Rosetta Stone

• The Key to A Lost Language– 400 A.D.

Hieroglyphics fell out of use and the meaning was lost

– 1799 French soldier found the Rosetta Stone