Unit 0: Brief history, present and futureof the wireless communications

Wireless communications course

Ronal D. Montoya M.http://tableroalparque.weebly.com/radiocomunicaciones.html

ronalmontoya5310@correo.itm.edu.co

July 31, 2017

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Outline1. Wireless communications history

MilestonesSome historical devices

2. Wireless communications present2G Networks3G Networks (IMT-2000)4G Networks (LTE-A and 802.16m)Comparison between 2G, 3G and 4G networks

3. FutureFuture: 5G NetworksMassive MIMO

4. NGN Networks

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Wireless communications history milestones I

◦ 1886: Heinrich Hertz became the first person to transmit andreceive controlled radio waves, based on the theory proposed byJames Clerk Maxwell.

◦ 1906: Reginald Fesseden successfully transmits human voiceover radio. Up until that time, radio communications consistedof transmissions of Morse Code.

◦ 1915: J. A. Fleming invents the vacuum tube making itpossible to build mobile radios.

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Wireless communications history milestones II

◦ 1921: The Detroit police department used a 2 MHz frequencyin the department’s first vehicular mobile radio. The systemwas only one way and police had to find a wireline phone torespond to radio messages.

◦ 1926: Charles Francis Jenkins patented a system fortransmitting pictures over wireless.

◦ 1930’s: Amplitude Modulation (AM) two-way mobile systemswere in place in the U.S. that took advantage of newlydeveloped mobile transmitters and utilized a ”push-to-talk” orhalf-duplex transmission. By the end of the decade, channelallocation grew from 11 to 40.

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Wireless communications history milestones III

◦ 1935: Invention of Frequency Modulation (FM) improved audioquality. FM eliminated the need for large AM transmitters andresulted in radio equipment which required less power tooperate. This made the use of transmitters in vehicles morepractical.

◦ 1939: Invention of the first aerial navigation system (VOR).

◦ 1947: D.H. Ring, working at Bell Laboratories, envisions thecellular concept.

◦ 1949: Radio Common Carriers (RCCs) were recognized.

◦ 1949, 1958: Bell Systems made broadband proposals.

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Wireless communications history milestones IV

◦ 1957: First satellite with radio transmitter (Sputnik 1).

◦ 1962: First satellite to relay television, telephone andhigh-speed data communications (Telstar 1).

◦ 1964: AT&T introduces Improved Mobile Telephone System(IMTS).

◦ 1969: Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norwayand Sweden agree to form a group to study and recommendareas of cooperation in telecommunication. This led to thestandardization of telecommunications for all members of theNordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) group, the firstcomprehensive international standardization group.

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Wireless communications history milestones V

◦ 1973: The NMT group specifies a feature allowing mobiletelephones to be located within and across networks. Thisfeature would become the basis for roaming.

◦ 1978: NAVSTAR (Father of GPS) porject began to launchsatellites. It began to work in 1993.

◦ 1981: Ericsson launches the world’s first cellular system inSaudi Arabia based on the analog NMT 450 standard.

◦ 1991: The first digital cellular standard (GSM) is launched.

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Some historical devices

(a) First massproduction TV: RCA630-TS

(b) First satellitelaunched: Sputnik 1

(c) First massproduction mobilephone: Vodafone VT1

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2G Networks

◦ They use CODEC’s (information compression - decompression).

◦ They implement Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithms.

◦ They implement TDMA and CDMA as a multiplexingtechniques.

◦ They are very dependent on proximity and location to towers.

◦ The frequency of dropped calls and robotic-sounding voicebecomes more prevalent.

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3G Networks (IMT-2000)

◦ They are described by the 3GPP and 3GPP2 specifications.

◦ 3GPP is the evolution of GSM, named Universal MobileTelecommunications Systems (UMTS) specification.

◦ It includes Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA),General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution (EDGE).

◦ 3GPP2: CDMA2000.

◦ 3G networks are not using the same frequency as the older 2G.

◦ Wireless operators had to secure new frequencies and installnew cell sites.

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4G Networks (LTE-A and 802.16m)

◦ They are defined by 3GPP LTE-Advance (LTE-A) and IEEE802.16m specifications.

◦ They are based on an all IP packet switched network.◦ Multimedia applications and services can be delivered to the

user anytime and anywhere with a high data rate, premiumQoS and high security.

◦ They have seamless mobility and interoperability with existingwireless standards.

◦ They use femtocell and picocells.◦ They are spectrally efficient.◦ They are able to dynamically allocate network resources in a

cell and to support smooth handover.2. Wireless communications present 11/16

Comparison between 2G, 3G and 4G networks

Figure: 2G, 3G and 4G networks.2. Wireless communications present 12/16

Future: 5G Networks

◦ 5G standard is yet to be set.

◦ Speed connections between 1 to 10Gbps.

◦ 1 ms end-to-end delay.

◦ Reduction of 90% in network energy usage.

◦ Between 10 to 100x number of connected devices per AP.

◦ 1000x bandwidth per unit area.

◦ 99.999% of availability and 100% of coverage.

◦ Up to 10 years battery life for low power and machine-typedevices.

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Types of wireless systems (Input - Output)

Tx Rx Tx Rx

Tx Rx Tx Rx

SISO SIMO

MISO MIMO

Figure: Types of wireless systems, classified by its number of inputs - outputs.

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Massive MIMO

◦ A very large antenna array at each BS.◦ A large number of users served simultaneously.◦ Radiation pattern pointed in an efficient manner.

Figure: Massive MIMO cell.

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Next Generation Netwoks (NGN)

◦ Digital and packet-based networks.

◦ They are able to make use of multiple broadband and QoSenabled transport technologies.

◦ Service related functions are independent from underlyingtransport-related technologies.

◦ They offer unrestricted access by users to different serviceproviders.

◦ They support generalized mobility which will allow consistentand ubiquitous provision of services to users.

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