Unit 1 and 2 combined SE... · Block and tackle used to make work easier EFFICIENCY For a block and tackle with three pulleys in each block, the velocity ratio is six (6). An effort

Student Name:

SE13-17 U1/2

Unit 1 – Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals Page 1.

© Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd. Systems Engineering 2013 – 2017

Student Learning Guide & Record – Unit 1

TASK Page TASK TITLE DATE

COMPLETED TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

Task 1 7 Energy

Task 2 9 Draw a block diagram

Task 3 16 Exercise – Law of the lever

Task 4 22 Exercises – Pulleys

Task 5 24 Exercises – Wheel and axle

Task 6 28 Exercises – Inclined plane, wedge and screws

Task 7 33 Exercises – Gears and gearboxes

Task 8 35 Friction

Task 9 38 Belt drive and velocity ratio calculations

Task 10 39 Speed calculation

Task 11 40 Type of motion

Task 12 42 Changing the direction of motion

Task 13 45 Types of forces acting on a structure

Task 14 48 Review questions

Task 15 52 Hydraulic systems

Task 16 54 Complete the following exercises to display your understanding of Pascal’s principle

Task 17 56 Draw a system block diagram of your mechanical, electro-mechanical system

Task 18 59 Record factors that influence your design

Task 19 60 factors that influence design, planning, production and use of system

Task 20 61 Decide on a mechanical, electromechanical system to plan, design and produce

Task 21 62 Carry out research

Task 22 66 List of materials, components and subsystems

Task 23 67 Perform basic calculations

Task 24 68 Use measuring and/or test equipment

Task 25 69 Carry out the measuring and testing

Task 26 70 Evaluation criteria

Task 27 72 Concept drawings

Task 28 74 Design options

Task 29 78 Draw preferred design option

Task 30 80 Match surfaces of orthogonal drawing

Task 31 81 Transfer letters 1

Task 32 81 Transfer letters 2

Task 33 82 Orthographic drawing of preferred design option

Task 34 83 Make a scale model of your preferred design option

Task 35 84 Justification of preferred option

Task 36 84 Produce a production plan

Task 37 88 Identify tools, equipment and machines

Task 38 90 Identify range of processes required

Task 39 91 Make your mechanical, electromechanical system

Task 40 94 Group work – OH&S and risk assessment

Task 41 94 Carry out risk assessment

Task 42 99 Record processes used and decisions made during production process

Task 43 106 Evaluate your mechanical, electromechanical system

Page 2. Unit 2 – Electrotechnology Engineering Fundamentals

Systems Engineering 2013 – 2017 © Copyright LAPtek Pty. Ltd.

Student Learning Guide & Record – Unit 2

TASK Page TASK TITLE DATE

COMPLETED TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

Task 1 112 Summarise electrons and matters

Task 2 116 What is electricity

Task 3 121 OHM’s law, switching and circuits

Task 4 125 Voltage drop

Task 5 130 Parallel circuits

Task 6 139 Types of switches

Task 7 145 Semi conductors

Task 8 148 Solenoid and relays

Task 9 153 Producing alternating current and sine wave form

Task 10 156 Producing direct current

Task 11 158 Transformers

Task 12 163 Capacitors

Task 13 168 Resistance values

Task 14 174 Batteries

Task 15 176 Make your PCB (optional)

Task 16 176 Check all components (optional)

Task 17 183 Review questions for power and energy

Task 18 186 Identify uses for microcontrollers

Task 19 188 Summarise photovoltaric cells

Task 20 188 Identify common circuit symbols

Task 21 191 Record factors that influence your design

Task 22 192 Factors that influence design, planning, production and use of system

Task 23 193 Decide on a electromechanical system to plan, design and produce

Task 24 194 Carry out research

Task 25 198 List of materials, components and subsystems

Task 26 199 Perform basic calculations

Task 27 200 Use measuring and/or test equipment

Task 28 202 Carry out the measuring and testing

Task 29 203 Evaluation criteria

Task 30 205 Concept drawings

Task 31 210 Draw preferred design option

Task 32 211 Orthographic drawing of preferred design option

Task 33 212 Make a scale model of your preferred design option

Task 34 213 Justification of preferred option

Task 35 213 Production plan

Task 36 217 Identify tools, equipment and machines

Task 37 218 Identify range of processes required

Task 38 219 Make your electromechanical system

Task 39 219 Carry out risk assessment

Task 40 224 Record processes used and decisions made during production process

Task 41 231 Evaluate your mechanical, electromechanical system

SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS

Page 20. Unit 1 – Introduction to Mechanical Systems

Systems Engineering 2013 – 2017 © Copyright L.A.P.tek Pty. Ltd.

Moveable Pulley

In the case of the moveable pulley, to move the load

upward both of the supporting ropes must be shortened

by the same amount. Therefore the load will move up a

distance half that of the effort.

For a moveable pulley:

MA = Effort

Load = 2

VR = load by the moved Distance

effort by the moved Distance = 2

For a moveable pulley:

The Mechanical Advantage and Velocity Ratio are

the same.

Moveable pulley

Block and Tackle

The block and tackle is a machine with a large

mechanical advantage employing the use of any

number of moveable and fixed pulleys.

In some blocks, the pulleys are all of the same size and

mounted side by side, while in others they are of

different size and mounted one below the other as

shown. Regardless of size, the function of each pulley

is simply to reverse the direction of the effort so that

the same tension exists through the supporting rope.

In raising the load, each of the four ropes supporting it

must be shortened by the same amount, therefore the

effort moves four times the distance of the load.

For the block and tackle shown:

MA = Effort

Load =

1

4 = 4

VR = load by the moved Distance

effort by the moved Distance = 4

In general, the mechanical advantage of any block and

tackle is given by the number of parallel ropes

supporting the load. The load includes the weight of

the lower block.

A block and tackle

Unit 1 – Introduction to Mechanical Systems Page 21.

© Copyright L.A.P.tek Pty. Ltd. Systems Engineering 2013 – 2017

Block and tackle used to make work easier

EFFICIENCY

For a block and tackle with three pulleys in each block, the velocity ratio is six (6).

An effort of 10N will lift a useful load of 48N (refer to following picture).

When the effort moves six meters we do work. Use the

formula Work = force x distance to calculate the work

done.

Work = force x distance

= 10 x 6

= 60 joules (J) of work

When the load is raised 1m

Work = force x distance

= 48 x 1

= 48 joules (J) of work

So we see that more work is put into the machine than

we get out. The missing 12 joules (J) of work has been

used in overcoming friction and lifting the lower pulley

block.

The fraction

tells us how efficient the

machine is. This is usually calculated as a percentage.

Percentage efficiency =

x 100

=

x 100

= 80%

Block and tackle – Velocity ratio 6



TASK 4: EXERCISES – PULLEYS

Answer the following questions to display your understanding of pulleys.

1. What is the velocity ratio of the system shown on the right.

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2. If a load of 50 newton is lifted a distance of one meter by an

effort of 40 newton calculate the mechanical advantage of the

machine.

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3. If a load of 50 newton is lifted a distance of one meter by an

effort of 20 newton calculate the following.

a) The mechanical advantage of the system

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b) The distance moved by the effort

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c) The efficiency of the machine

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4. Give reasons why the machine is less than 100% efficient.

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MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Common place items like bicycles, electrical switches and kitchen taps all involve some form of input

force and motion. This force and motion is transmitted to provide a desired output force and motion.

The types of motion include rotational, linear, oscillating and reciprocating.

Definitions:

Rotational motion Is to revolve around a centre or axis, like a wheel.

Linear motion Is movement along a straight line path.

Oscillating motion Is a linear motion that alternates backward and forward such as a pendulum.

Reciprocating motion Is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth motion.

TASK 11: TYPE OF MOTION

The four situations below show four different types of motion: Rotational, Linear, Oscillating and

Reciprocating.

Can you work out which is which?

a) ..............................................................

b) .................................................................

c) ..............................................................

d) .................................................................

http://www.answers.com/topic/motion-physics

Unit 1 – Introduction to Mechanical Systems Page 57.


UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

OUTCOME 2 – PRODUCING AND EVALUATING MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

This area of study provides you with the opportunity to produce, test and evaluate an operational

system. The operational system that you produce will contain mechanical components and elements,

but may integrate some electro-technology components or sub-systems. Refer to Systems Engineering

Study Design pages 15 - 17

Throughout the study you should use the Systems Engineering Process to continually reevaluate and

modify your system engineering project (Page 3) and record your progress and the decisions that you

made in relation to the production of your mechanical, electromechanical system (Pages 98 – 104)

On completion of this unit you should be able to make, test and evaluate a mechanical or electro-

mechanical system or sub-system using the System Engineering Process.

To satisfactorily complete Outcome 2 you must draw on key knowledge and key skills outlined in Area

of Study 2 (VCE Study Design – Systems Engineering, page 16)

Drive system

Stirling engine

Steam engine

Alternate drive system



DESIGN AND PLAN A MECHANICAL, ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM

You have gained a lot of knowledge in mechanical principles and concepts. Now it is time to apply

what you have learnt, by designing and planning your mechanical or electromechanical system.

You will manage your product throughout all phases of the Systems Engineering Process.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DESIGN

Factors that influence design

The picture above gives an outline to some of the many factors that affect the development of a product.

Below is more detail regarding some of the points mentioned above.

Cost. The cost of the materials required to manufacture the product. The price that you are prepared to

pay for the product.

Ergonomics. The product may be designed for human use. As a result ergonomics (sizes etc.) will pay

a major role.

Materials. The availability of materials and the development of new, hi-technology materials will have

an influence on the final design of a product.

Production. When designing a product the most desirable production technique may influence the way

the final product looks.

Aesthetics. The shape and form of the product may determine the layout of circuits or mechanisms etc.

inside it. Products are often designed to look stylish. The style applied to the outside of a product can

quite easily influence the technology inside it. Aesthetics can also alter the production / manufacturing

techniques through which it is made.

Page 124. Unit 2 – Introduction to Electrotechnology Systems


In the diagram on the right we know the

current is 0.5 amps and the total resistance is

R1 + R2 + R3 or 50 + 150 +200 = 400 Ω, but

we do not yet know the applied voltage.

OHM’s law states that:

V = IR

V = 0.5 x 400

= 200 volts

The voltage drops can easily be found:

VR1 = 0.5 x 50 = 25 volt

VR2 = 0.5 x 150 = 75 volt

VR3 = 0.5 x 200 = 100 volt

Therefore the applied voltage equals 200 volts.

The resistance and the current are known. What is the value of the voltage?

NOTE: The sum of the voltage drops is 200 volts and is the same as calculated earlier for the

applied voltage.

In the diagram on the right, we know the applied

voltage (100 volts) and the voltage drops across

the resistors, but we do not know the value of

the resistors. The current is 100 mA or 0.1 amp.

According to OHM’s law:

R =

The voltage drops across R1 is 50 volts, so

R1 =

= 500Ω

The voltage applied to R2 is 25 volts, so

R2 =

= 250Ω

The voltage applied to R3 is 25 volts, so

R3 =

= 250Ω

The voltage drops and the current are known. What are the values of the resistance?

NOTE: The problem can be proved by working it backwards. The total resistance equals

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 or 500 + 250 + 250 = 1000 Ω.

I =

or I =

= 0.1 amp. Same as the current flow in the circuit.

LAWS OF A SERIES CIRCUIT

1. In a series circuit the total resistance is equal to the sum of all the individual resistors.

2. In a series circuit, the current flowing in all part of the circuit is the same.

3. In a series circuit the sum of the voltage drops is equal to the applied voltage.

Unit 2 – Introduction to Electrotechnology Systems Page 125.


TASK 4: VOLTAGE DROP

Complete the following problems to display your understanding of voltage drop in a series circuit.

1. Determine the following:

I = current ....................................................

RT = resistance in ohm .....................................

V = applied voltage ........................................

VR1 = voltage drop across R1 and R2 ..................

RT .....................................................................................................................................................

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I: .......................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................

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VR1: ..................................................................................................................................................

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VR2: ..................................................................................................................................................

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2. Determine the following:

V = ................................................................

R1 = .................................................................

R2 = .................................................................

RT = .................................................................

V: .....................................................................................................................................................

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SOLENOIDS AND RELAYS

The Effects Of Current Flowing In A Circuit

You are more or less familiar with the electrical appliances that you use daily at home: the electric

light, electric toaster, electric iron, refrigerator, vacuum cleaner, washing machine etc. All of those

devices depend for operation on one or more of four general effects produced by electric current

flowing through a conductor. These are:

1. the magnetic effect,

2. the mechanical effect,

3. the chemical effect, and

4. the heating effect

To understand how solenoids, relays and transformers operate you will need to understand the important

principles involved in the first two of these different phenomena: the magnetic effect and the

mechanical effect.

Magnetic effect

A magnetic field exists around every current

carrying wire. The field forms continuous lines

around the conductor.

Magnetic field through and around a single loop of wire carrying an electric current.

Magnetic properties of a solenoid

Illustrated on the right is a coil of several turns

of wire. A coil of wire of this kind is sometimes

referred to as solenoid. The magnetic line of

force are such that one end of the coil acts like

an N magnetic pole and the other end acts like

an S magnetic pole.

Outside the coil the magnetic lines of force go

from the north to south in the same way they do

in a permanent bar magnet.

Magnetic field around a solenoid carrying an electric current



TASK 8: SOLENOID AND RELAYS

Answer the following questions to display your understanding of solenoids and relays.

1. What are the four effects of electric currents? What specifically, is the magnetic effect?

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2. What effect does the soft iron core have upon the strength of the magnetic field around a

solenoid? Does a current have to flow to produce the field?

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3. Describe a function of a relay and how it operates.

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Unit 2 – Introduction to Electrotechnology Systems Page 189.


UNIT 2 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

OUTCOME 2 – PRODUCING AND EVALUATING ELECTRO-TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS

This area of study provides you with the opportunity to produce, test and evaluate an operational

system. The operational system that you produce will contain mechanical components and elements,

and integrate some electro-technology components or sub-systems. Refer to Systems Engineering

Study Design pages 21 – 22.

Throughout the study you should use the Systems Engineering Process to continually reevaluate and

modify your system engineering project (Page 3) and record your progress and the decisions that you

made in relation to the production of your electromechanical system (Pages 222 – 228).

On completion of this unit you should be able to make, test and evaluate an electro-mechanical system

or sub-system using the System Engineering Process.

To satisfactorily complete Outcome 2 you must draw on key knowledge and key skills outlined in Area

of Study 2 (VCE Study Design – Systems Engineering, pages 21).

Electro-mechanical vehicle

Crane

Wind turbine

Documents

Unit 1 and 2 combined SE... · Block and tackle used to make work easier EFFICIENCY For a block and tackle with three pulleys in each block, the velocity ratio is six (6). An effort