Unit 1 - Chapter 2:The Planting of English America

1500-1733

AP US

Hamer

September 9, 2011

Main Points• Why were Europeans driven to settle in

the Americas during the 1500’s and 1600’s?

• Why were the Southern Colonies settled?

• How did they differ socially and economically?

• What did the initial colonizing years for these colonies mean for America in the long run?

Reasons for European Emigration

EconomicSocial /

CulturalReligiousPolitical

Primogeniture

Enclosure System

Wool Depression – late 1500’s

Growing Population

“Golden Age of Literature” Renaissance of Sorts

Strong leader in Elizabeth (1558-1603)

Protestant Reformation

MUCH LATER – Cath/Prot struggles along with economic issues drive Irish to US

LATER Failure of Puritan Revolution (1649-1653)

Beating of Spanish Armada in 1588 (Philip II) est. English Naval Supremacy

Spain overextended and began to lose holdings: naval supremacy, Netherlands, Caribbean

Creation of economic entity of Join Stock Co.

English soldiers used to controlling “Native” population in Ireland

Virginia - Jamestown

• 1606 - The Virginia Company founded

• May 24, 1607 - settled

• Death and disorganization

• John Smith

• Starving Time of 1609-1610

• 15% survival rate

Virginia, Lord de La Warr, and the Indians

• First Anglo-Powhatan War - 1614 ended with Pocahontas’ marriage to John Rolfe

• Peace ended in 1622• Second Anglo-Powhatan War -

1644 ended in 1646 with “formal separation”

• By 1669 only 2000 Indians remained, 10% of those found in 1607 Chief Opechancanough -

leader during the attack of 1622 and 2nd War

Virginia and Tobacco

• John Rolfe had perfected methods of raising and curing tobacco to eliminate bitterness by 1612

• Tobacco became the cash crop of Virginia, BUT:– hurt the soil– forced a single crop system– the broad-acre system led to

indentured servitude and slavery

Virginia’s Effects on America• Idea of Frontiersman; Tough, “Stick it Out” mentality• Smith is a hero - he made stuff happen• Protestant Ethic - hard work wins• Virginia is the heart of America• Tradition of fighting with the Indians and separating

from them• Even though it was temporary, self-rule was a first

taste• Initial charter gave full English rights to colonists,

which became the standard• Large acre cash-cropping led to slavery

Maryland - Catholic Haven

• Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore

• Baltimore wanted heavy religious toleration, but ended up with the Act of Toleration (1649) - tolerant of all Christians

• Grew Tobacco

Maryland’s Effects on America

• America is a land of religious freedom … for Christians

• More cash cropping and slavery

The West Indies and Jamaica - Sugar Cane

• Provided a market for American growers

• Grew sugar and therefore rum

• Required HUGE acreage, which led to many slaves

• Led to restrictive slave codes

West Indies’ Effects on America

• Started the slave plantation system

• Established restrictive slave codes

• Both of these were duplicated throughout the American South

The Carolinas - 1670• New and weird political

system designed by John Locke

• Tied to the West Indies– Carolinas sent them Indian

slaves and food

• Massacred Savannah Indians in 1710

• Rice as an export crop– Brought in African slaves to

raise rice

• Centered on Charleston

South Carolina’s Effect on America

• African slaves become the main plantation workers in SC and later the South because of their ability to handle the weather and the disease (malaria)

North Carolina - Misfit Middle Child

• Broke off from “Carolina” in 1712

• Settled by poorer outcasts from VA who couldn’t compete with the tobacco barons– seen as poor, irreligious,

and immoral by the aristocratic colonies to the North and South

• Were the final defeat for the coastal Indians

North Carolina’s Effect on America

• Expansion means beating up the Native Americans

• Colonies begin to have different personalities

Georgia - Debtor’s Colony

• Last of the original 13 - founded in 1733

• Both a buffer colony from Spanish Florida and a debtors’ colony created by Oglethorpe

• Founding place of Methodism

• Slowest growing of the original colonies

Similarities in the Plantation Colonies

• Connected not by chronology, but by economics and society

• Exported agriculture

• All based on slavery (GA would be soon after founding)

• Large land tracts caused fewer cities

• Expansionary because tobacco (and later cotton) stripped the soil and farmers needed new land