Unit 1 Friendship

Part 1 warm up

Some types of friends

Best friend (or close friend): a person with whom someone shares extremely strong interpersonal ties as a friend.

Acquaintance: a friend, but sharing of emotional ties isn't present. An example would be a coworker with whom you enjoy eating lunch or having coffee, but would not look for emotional support.

Soul mate: the name given to someone who is considered the ultimate, true, and eternal half of the other's soul, in which the two are now and forever meant to be together.

Internet friendship: a form of friendship or romance which takes place over the Internet.

Roommate: a person who shares a room or apartment (flat) with another person and do not share a familial or romantic relationship.

Spiritual friendship: a relationship between friends with a common interest, though one person may have more knowledge and experience than the other. The relationship is the responsibility of both friends and both bring something to it.

1. What is your definition of “friend”? Explain it.2. Who is your best friend? What makes him/her

your best friend? 3. What do we usually give to keep friendship?4. What can we get from friendship?

Discussion

Short Survey

My favorite activity to do with a friend is:◇ going to the movies◇ talking◇ playing sports◇ studying◇ other ________

Short Survey

What do you like to do with friends on the weekend?

Part 2 Text AThe Benefits of Friendship

Menu for Text A

Structure Analysis

Detailed Study

Exercises

Background Information

Step 1

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Background Information

Background Information

1. 常青藤 (Ivy League) 一词通常是指美国东部八所高学术水平，历史悠久的大学。这些大学多成立于美国早期：哈佛 (Harvard) 成立于 1636 年，耶鲁(Yale) 成立于 1701 年，宾西法尼亚大学 (University of

Pennsylvania) 成立于 1740 年，普林斯顿 (Princeton) 成立于 1746 年，哥伦比亚 (Columbia) 成立于 1754 年，布朗 (Brown) 成立于 1764 年，达特茅斯 (Dartmouth)

成立于 1769 年，和康乃尔 (Cornell) 成立于 1865 年。

2. Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut, and a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. Yale has produced many notable alumni, including five U.S. presidents, nineteen U.S. Supreme Court Justices, and several foreign heads of state.

Yale and Harvard have been rivals in academics, athletics, and other activities for most of their history, competing annually in The Game and the Harvard-Yale Regatta.

3. Duke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment, prompting the institution to change its name in honor of his deceased father, Washington Duke.

杜克大学是一所私立研究型大学，位于美国，北卡罗来纳州，达勒姆。 1838 ，通过卫理公会和贵格会在今天的三位一体镇成立。 1892 ，学校迁至达勒姆。 1924 ，烟草大亨詹姆斯 ·杜克成立杜克基金，为了纪念已逝的父亲华盛顿 ·杜克先生。

（杜克大学于 1838 年创建，开始为布朗的校舍，属于布朗学院的一个分校，位于伦道夫县（三位一体镇），由教士 Brantley York 所领导的循道卫理教会和贵格教会信徒所管理。）

Background Information

The University is organized into two undergraduate and nine graduate schools. In its 2010 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university's undergraduate program 10th among national universities, while ranking the medical, law, and business schools among the top 12 in the United States. Duke University ranked 14th in the 2009 THES - QS World University Rankings.

杜克大学有两个本科学院和九个研究生学院。在 2010 版的美国新闻与世界报道中，在全国高校中排名第十。医学，法律，和商学院在全美排名前 12 名。杜克大学排名在 2009 年的泰晤士高等教育增刊杂志 THES(Times Higher Education Supplement) 和高等教育增刊 QS 世界大学排名第十四。

QS 世界大學排名（英语： QS World University Rankings ），为英国 QS（Quacquarelli Symonds）机构所发表的年度大学排名。 QS 最初和《泰晤士高等教育》杂志合作，于2004-09 年期间联合发表《泰晤士高等教育-QS世界大学排名》，惟相关合作后被终结。 2010 年起， QS以固有的排名准则继续公布其排行榜，而泰晤士则改与路透社合作，并推出新的《泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名》。

Background Information

Step 2

Structure Analysis

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Structure Analysis

Part I (Para.1): The definition of friend & friendshipPart I (Para.1): The definition of friend & friendship

Part II (Para.2-4): : Examples to show the benefits of friendshipPart II (Para.2-4): : Examples to show the benefits of friendship

Part III (para. 5): Friends give emotional and material support.Part III (para. 5): Friends give emotional and material support.

Part VI (para. 6): Researches prove that it is good to have friends. Part VI (para. 6): Researches prove that it is good to have friends.

Para.2: It is good to have friends

Para.3:

Para.4:

Friends keep you healthy.

The health benefits of friendship

Step 3

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Detailed Study

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1.The answer depends on you. (Para. 1)

depend: vi. 视情况而定 ; 信任，信赖；依赖 It/That depends ( 口语体 ) 看情况而定；例 : 'How long are you staying?' 'I don't know; it depends.'

depend on/upon somebody/something例 : You can depend on Jane - she always keeps her promises.

The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.

Detailed Study

Try this ：

It all depends on how you tackle the problem.

那要看你如何应付这问题而定。

Detailed Study

2. Often friends believe in the same things, too. (Para. 1)believe in somebody/something 信仰；信任；相信

1. to be sure that someone or something existsDo you believe in God?

2. to think that something is effective or rightI don't believe in all these silly diets

to believe in God 信仰上帝We believe in him.我们信任他。Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼吗 ?Some people believe in everlasting life after death.有些人相信永生。

Detailed Study3. For example, two friends might both believe that family is

very important, or that it is important to do volunteer work or help save the environment. (Para. 1)

此句中 ,“believe” 的宾语是两个“ that” 从句，第二个“ that” 从句的形式主语为“ it” ，实际主语为“ to do volunteer work” 和“ help save the environment” 。

译 : 比如说，两个人都认可家庭的重要性；两人都认为从事志愿者的工作或保护环境非常重要。

4. But everyone agrees that it is good to have friends. (Para. 2)agree: vi. & vt. to have or express the same opinion about something as someone else （反义 disagre

e ）同意 , 赞成 ... 的意见 , 与 ... 一致 , 承认 , 适合 1.agree with sb/ sth 同意，赞成，与某人意见一致

例 : If she felt he was right, she would agree with him.

2. （地方、经历）适合，适宜，对…有益 You look great, Brian. The weather in the country certainly agrees with you. 你看上去气色好极了，布赖恩。乡下的空气显然很适合你。

agree that 赞同，认同例 : Most people nowadays would agree that health is the most important .

agree on/about sth 商定，议定，就…… . 达成协议例 : We don't agree on everything, of course.

I quite agree/I couldn't agree more (=I agree completely) 例 : 'We have to talk.' ‘Absolutely,' Meredith replied. ‘I couldn't agree more.'

not agree with somebody例 :Green peppers don't agree with me.

Detailed Study

Try this ：我的父母亲同意我们去 .

My parents agreed that we should go.that we should go.

5. Friends help to keep you mentally and physically healthy. (Para. 3)

keep somebody/something +adj. To stay in a particular state, condition, or position, or to make someone or something d

o this.keep (somebody/something) safe/calm/awake/sane etc 例 : We huddled around the fire to keep warm.

keep somebody busy/amused/occupied 例 : Some toys keep the kids amused

keep (somebody/something) away/back/off/out etc例 : If I were you, I'd keep away from that area at night. The little boy kept close to his mother

Detailed Study

Try this ：警告牌上写着：“危险！请勿靠近！”A sign saying ‘Danger: Keep away’.

Detailed Study

6. Researchers at the Behavioral Research Center at Duke University Medical Center discovered the same thing. (Para. 3)

discover: vt. (dis- 去掉 + cover 盖子 ) 发现；发觉 Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于 1492 年发现了美洲。 We have discovered that the young man is a discreet and economical fellow. 我们

发现这个年青人是个既谨慎又有经济头脑的小伙子。

Try this ：谁首先发现地球是圆的？

Who was the first to discover that the world is round?

7. Patients with one good friend recovered sooner. (Para. 3)

recover: vt, vi (re- 重 + cover盖 )

恢复； ; 重新获得；找回；追回；挽回I recovered the money I had lost.

我找回了丢失的钱。She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.

她很快就恢复了常态，不哭了。

Detailed Study

8. In general, people with friends have better physical and mental health, feel less stress, and live longer than people without friends. (Para. 4)

in general ( 反义 in particular) 一般而言；总的来说；大体上；通常例 :In general, about 10% of the candidates are eventually

offered positions.

We're trying to raise awareness about the environment in general and air pollution in particular.

Detailed Study

Try this ：

各种运动我一般都喜欢，尤其是足球。

I like games in general, especially football.

9. It is easier in two ways. (Para. 5)in a ... way例 : 'Hello,' he said in a friendly way.

(in) this/that way 例 : I find it easier to work in this way (=like this) .Sorry, I didn't know you felt that way (=had that feeling or opinion) .The drugs didn't seem to affect Anna in the same way .

in more ways than one (=in a number of ways) 例 : The changes will benefit the company in more ways than one

in some/many ways 例 : Working at home makes sense, in many ways.Ben is a perfectly normal child in every way .

in no way (=used to emphasize that something is not true) 绝不，一点也不；无论怎样也不例 : This should in no way be seen as a defeat.

Detailed Study

Detailed Study10. For example, they will loan you money, give you a ride to

school, or take care of your pet. (Para. 5) take care of somebody/something

a) to look after someone or something照顾，照料 1. 承担对人的责任引申为“照料，赡养，关怀” My mother is ill. I must ask for a leave to take care of her.

Who's taking care of the dog while you're away?take care of yourselfThe children are old enough to take care of themselves. 2. 承担对物的责任引申为“看管，维护，保养

There was something wrong with the machine and the manager asked him to take care of it. 那台机器有点毛病，经理让他维护

b) to deal with all the necessary work, arrangements etc对付，处理

Her secretary always took care of the details. Don't worry about your accommodation - it's all taken care of.

c) to pay for something - used when you want to avoid saying this directly

We'll take care of the fees.

take care

a) spoken used when saying goodbye to family and friends

Take care! See you next week!

b) to be carefulTake care when driving in icy conditions

Try this ：

[谚 ]节约每一个铜板 , 财富自然会积累起来。

节约便士 , 金镑自然会积累起来。Take care of the pence and the pounds will

take care of themselves.

11. Either way, research proves the benefits. (Para. 6)

either way

used to say that something will be the same whichever of two things happens or is true

例 : You can get to Edinburgh by train or plane, but either way it's very expensive.

Detailed Study

Try this ： There's coffee or tea - you can have either.

咖啡或茶──你可以任选一种。

Detailed Study

prove vt, vi （常与 that 连用）证明

He has proved his courage in battle. 他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。 试验；由经验得知 ; （证明是，结果是）

The method / drug proved (to be) highly effective. 这个方法 / 这种药证明是非常有效的。

证实 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。

prove yourself/prove something (to somebody)例 : When I first started this job, I felt I had to prove myself.

Try this ：

Facts have proved that the creative power of the people knows noFacts have proved that the creative power of the people knows no limits.

事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的 .

12.There is no doctor like a true friend. (Para. 6)

此句中“ no” 并非“没有”的意思，而是为了反衬修饰后半句的“ true friend” 。例 : There is no place like home. 金窝银窝不如自己的狗窝。

Detailed Study

译：一个真正的朋友胜过任何医生。或真正的朋友是最好的医生。

Try this ：

There is no time like the present.

机不可失 , 时不再来。

Step 4

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Exercises

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Task One: Useful Expressions

保护环境

政治观点

做决定

顺路载某人一程

save the environmentsave the environment

political idea political idea

make a decisionmake a decision

give somebody a ridegive somebody a ride

Task A:Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the words in the box. Pay attention to the derivatives.

Task Two: Vocabulary (P9)

physical definition mental emotion stress recover physical definition mental emotion stress recover

1. A person with a healthy mind is mentally healthy.2. Peter was sick, but now he’s better. He recovered quickly.3. I always eat when I’m feeling stressed.4. Emotional support is a kind of help that a friend can give.

Examples are giving advice, spending time with someone, or listening.

5. A person who doesn’t get colds or flu is probably physically healthy.

6. In this dictionary “reality” is defined as “the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be”.

1. A person with a healthy mind is mentally healthy.2. Peter was sick, but now he’s better. He recovered quickly.3. I always eat when I’m feeling stressed.4. Emotional support is a kind of help that a friend can give.

Examples are giving advice, spending time with someone, or listening.

5. A person who doesn’t get colds or flu is probably physically healthy.

6. In this dictionary “reality” is defined as “the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be”.

Task Two: Grammar

1. Helen had to shout ___D___above the sound of the music .

A. making herself hear

B. to make herself hear

C. making herself heard

D. to make herself heard

Task Two: Grammar

2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ___B___the film stars had left.

A .to tell B. to be told

C. telling D. told

Task Two: Grammar

3. You were silly not ___B____your car.

A. to lock B. to have locked

C. locking D. having locked

Task Two: Grammar

4. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.

A. don’t make B. not make

C. not making D. not to make

Task Two: Grammar

5. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.

A. to take place

B. to be taken place

C. to have taken place

D. being taken place

6.A number of paintings in the castle are believed____ in a fire.

A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed 7. Will you lend him a magazine _____? to be read B. for readingC. to read D. reading 8. It happened _____ when I got there.A. that it is raining B. to be rainingC. to rain D. to raining

9. I feel it an honor_____ to speak here.

A. to be asked B to ask

C. having asked D asked

10. who will you get _____ the project for us?

A. design B. to design

C. designed D. designing

Task B: Rewrite the sentences by using the phases or expressions in the brackets. Modify the sentence structure if needed.

1.parents provide their children food and clothing. (depend on)

Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.

2. Nathan trusts his students because he thinks that they can do the project well. (believe in)

Nathan believes in his students because he thinks they can do the project well.

3. I like all kinds of games, especially football. (in general)

I like games in general, especially football.

4. She has no idea about what dresses she should wear for the party. (make a decision)

She could not make a decision about the dresses for the party.

5. Don’t worry about me. I do not need anyone else to protect me. (take care of )

Don’t worry about me. I can take care of myself.

Part 3 Championship Skiers,

Bound as Rivals and Friends

Background Information Background Information

Detailed Study

Detailed Study

Exercises Exercises

MenuText B

1. Lindsey Vonn (born October 18, 1984) is an American alpine ski racer. She won the gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics in downhill, the first American woman to do so.

With her Olympic gold medal, 31 World Cup wins in four disciplines (downhill, Super G, slalom and super combined) and two World Championship gold medals (plus two World Championship silver medals), Vonn has become the most successful American woman skier in history.

Race victories: 31 race victories (17 downhill, 9 super G, 2 slalom, 3 combined)

Background Information

2. Maria Riesch Riesch won gold at the 2010 Olympic Winter

Games in the super combined and the slalom competition.

Race victories:13 race victories (3 Downhill, 2 Super G, 6 Slalom, 2 combined)

Background Information

3. 2010 Olympic Winter Games Fifteen winter sports events were part of the 2010 Winter

Olympics. The eight sports categorized as ice sports were: bobsled, luge,

skeleton, ice hockey, figure skating, speed skating, short track speed skating and curling.

The three sports categorized as alpine skiing and snowboarding events were: alpine, freestyle and snowboarding.

The four sports categorized as Nordic events were: biathlon, cross country skiing, ski jumping and Nordic combined.

Background Information

2012冬季奥运会包括 15场冰雪运动比赛。

八项冰上运动：长雪橇，短雪橇，骨架，冰球，花样滑冰，速度滑冰，短道速度滑冰和卷曲。

三项高山滑雪和单板滑雪事件：高山滑雪，自由式和单板滑雪。

四个北欧滑雪项目的运动是：冬季两项，越野滑雪，跳台滑雪和北欧两项（速度滑雪和飞跃混合）。

2012冬季奥运会包括 15场冰雪运动比赛。

八项冰上运动：长雪橇，短雪橇，骨架，冰球，花样滑冰，速度滑冰，短道速度滑冰和卷曲。

三项高山滑雪和单板滑雪事件：高山滑雪，自由式和单板滑雪。

四个北欧滑雪项目的运动是：冬季两项，越野滑雪，跳台滑雪和北欧两项（速度滑雪和飞跃混合）。

Text Study

Read the text and answer the following questions

Questions & Answers1. Which one of the following hobbies do Vonn and

Riesch not share?

A. Playing tennis in the summer.

B. Lying on a beach in California.

C. Spending time with family.

D. Shopping.

2. How did Riesch feel when she was beaten by Vonn in downhill?

A. Glad for Vonn

B. Indifferent

C. Angry

D. She accepted and respected her performance.

Questions & Answers

3. Which of the following words is accurate to describe the friendship between Vonn and Riesch?

A. supportive B. competitive

C. harmonious D. close

Questions & Answers

4.What is the main idea of this article?

A. Vonn and Riesch are the two best women’s Alpine skiers in the world

B. Vonn and Riesch are best friends.

C. Even though Vonn and Riesch are rivals, they are good friends as well.

D. Vonn and Riesch are not two ordinary girls.

Questions & Answers

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Both Vonn and Riesch are women’s skiers.

B. Vonn and Riesch are best friends.

C. Vonn and Riesch see each other as a rival.

D. Both Vonn and Riesch represent the Olympic hopes of Americans.

Questions & Answers

Vocabulary

Complete each sentence below with the correct word or phrase in the box.

1.The result did not live up to our expectations. 2. readers of the magazine said they wanted more stories

about ordinary people and fewer stories about the rich and famous.

3. I had to compete against 19 other people for the job.

supportive represent competitor expectationcompete for calm down ordinary beaten supportive represent competitor expectationcompete for calm down ordinary beaten

4. I sent my husband to represent me at the wedding reception.

5. I can always count to Gail to be supportive when things go wrong.

6.He felt beaten at first when he just lost his job.7. There were 12 competitors in the two-hundred-

metre dash.8. Let it be. I thought, still trying to calm myself

down.

Detailed Study

1. The two have led “pretty much the same life” for most of the past decade, Vonn said.(para.2)

lead/live/have a ..... life

The operation should enable Bobby to lead a normal life.She just wanted to live a quiet life.The family moved to Australia to start a new life. My grandmother had a hard life (=a life full of problems).She's led a very sheltered life (=a life in which you have be

en protected from unpleasant things).

Detailed Study

2. Both will also compete for the same medals for different countries, in February at the Winter Olympics in Vancouver. (para. 4)

compete: vi. To try to gain something and stop someone else from having it or having as much of it (派生词： competition, competitor,　 competitive)

compete for例： She and her sister are always competing for attention.compete against/with sb…….for sth例： I had to compete against 19 other people for the job.compete with例： As a stepmother, don't even try to compete with the children's

mother for their love.compete in/at例： How many runners will be competing in the marathon? Professional

athletes may now compete at the Olympics.

Detailed Study

3. Both hate to lose, but readily admit that if one cannot be the winner, they would rather it be the other. (Para. 4)　。

此句中“ it” 指代前文中“ the winner” 。

译 : 两人都不希望落败，但是也都坦言，如果自己无法获胜，希望对方能赢

Detailed Study

4. The two first met nearly nine years ago while competing at the Junior World Championships in Quebec. (para. 7)

championship n. The position or title of a winner. 冠军的身份或头衔Our team won the swimming championships.

我们队得了游泳冠军。What team did the women's team championship go to?

哪个队获得了女子团体冠军 ?

Detailed Study

5. That’s what we can relate to each other best about. (para. 8)

relate to

例： The charges of fraud relate to events that took place over ten years ago.

1.relate something to something 将…与…联系起来 , 使与…相结合

It is difficult to relate his argument to the facts. 很难把他的论证同事实联系起来。 We must relate these principles to our everyday work. 我们必须把这些原则和我们的日常工作联系起来。

The report seeks to relate the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.

2. relate to 涉及 , 关系到… His remarks didn't relate to the topic under discussion. 他说的话与讨论的问题无关。 He showed me all the correspondence relating to the matter. 他把与这件事有关的全部信件都给我看了。 The lawyer read all the papers relating to the case. 律师阅读了与该案有关的全部文件。 3. relate to 与…协调 , 与…相处得好 , 与…相适应 She doesn't relate very well to her mother. 她和她母亲关系不太融洽。 It's unfortunate when a father and son can't relate to each other. 父子之间关系不好是很不幸的。 It's too bad that you are unable to relate to the environment. 你不能适应环境 , 这太糟糕了。

4. relate …to….. 同…有…关系 (relative 亲戚关系 ) The unemployment figures are not necessarily related to the

rise in prices. 失业的数目同物价的上涨并没有必然的联系。 I am not related to him in any way. 我和他无任何关系。 5. relate something to somebody 跟某人讲述 He later related the whole story to me.

6. relate to sb 理解 He is unable to relate to other people.他无法理解他人的想法

Detailed Study

6. Each skier represents the Olympic hopes of her country. (para. 9)

represent vt. 1. 表现；描写；描画This painting represents a storm. 这幅画描绘暴风雨。 2.代表We chose a committee to represent us.

我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。These stones represent armies. 那些石头代表部队。 3.声称 =claim

He represented himself as a philosopher. 他声称自己是哲学家。

Detailed Study

7. It is the same situation Riesch will face from her compatriots and the German news media. (para. 9)

compatriot n. A person from one‘s own country. 同国人；同胞自己国家的人

John and Jean are compatriots because they both come from Ireland."约翰和琼是同胞 , 他俩都是爱尔兰人。 "

Detailed Study

8. We calm each other down and say, “don’t worry about it, just ski your best.” (para. 10)

calm: vi. & vt. to become quiet and relaxed after you have been angry, excited, nervous, or upset

例： He tried to calm the frightened children down. Calm down and tell me what happened

calm somebody/oneself down

例： She lit a cigarette to calm herself down.

Useful Expressions

in simple terms

compete for

deliver on expectations

calm somebody down

实现愿望，满足期望

竞争

平实地；简单地

使某人镇静下来

Exercises

Complete the following translations with the given phrases.

1. 从此，他们过着幸福的生活。Since then, they (lead a … life).

2.那两个孩子互相争夺第一名。 The two boys

(compete with sb. for sth.).

3. 他们彼此之间有亲戚关系。 They (relate to).

led a happy life

competed with each other for the first place

are related to each other

How much do you remember after learning this text?

□ Who are Lindsey Vonn and Maria Riesch?

□ How can you use search engines and keywords to find stories about friendship on the Internet?

□ How can you limit your search?

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