Unit 1 Half a Day NaguibMahfouz Half a Day Warm-up About the author education and background important works how he pictures the world Text appreciation

Unit 1 Half a Day NaguibMahfouz

Half a Day Warm-up About the author education and background important works how he pictures the world Text appreciation Group discussion Detailed analysis Language understanding sentence paraphrase word study & phrases Assignment

Warm up First day of school

Warm up First day of school In 1957, fifteen-year-old Dorothy Geraldine Counts and three other students became the first African American students to attend the previously all white Harding High School in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Warm up Do you still remember your first day at school? Try to recollect it and share it with your partner. How did you feel the first day your arrived at university? Did you feel like a stranger? Did you find the university just as you had imagined? In what way was it different? What are your expectations of university? What kind of changes do you think it will bring upon your life?

Naguib Mahfouz

Naguib Mahfouz Education & Background Born in 1911, educated at Cairo University Wrote short stories and historical novels before WWII Turned to write novels of social realism after WWII Later works combined realism & symbolism A prolific writer: no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than 200 articles.

Naguib Mahfouz important works Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arab to win the Nobel prize for literature, in 1988. He has been described as a Dickens( 1812-1870, )of the Cairo caf s and the Balzac( 1799- 1850, ) of Egypt". He is now the author of no fewer than 30 novels, more than 100 short stories, and more than 200 articles. Half of his novels have been made into films which have circulated throughout the Arabic-speaking world.

Naguib Mahfouz important works Mahfouz began writing when he was 17. His first novel was published in 1939 and ten more were written before the Egyptian Revolution of July 1952, when he stopped writing for several years. One novel was republished in 1953, however, and the appearance of The Cairo Trilogy in 1957 made him famous throughout the Arab world as a depictor of traditional urban life.The Cairo Trilogy

Naguib Mahfouz important works The Cairo Trilogy (published 1955-1957) is a tale of the lives of a Muslim family and spans the first half of the 20th century. Each book in the trilogy was named after a suburb of Cairo. The first, Palace Walk was set during the British occupation of Egypt early in the century. The second, Palace of Desire covered the changing times of the 1920s. The third book, Sugar Street brings the family into the mid 20th century. In this final part the head of the family is now old and frail weak). He surveys the world while the main story centers on the grandsons.

Naguib Mahfouz important works

Naguib Mahfouz important works Works of his second writing period: The Children of Gebelawi (1959) The Thief and the Dogs (1961) Autumn Quail (1962) Small Talk on the Nile (1966) Miramar (1967) several collections of short stories.

Naguib Mahfouz how he pictures the world The picture of the world as it emerges from the bulk ( of Mahfouz s work is very gloomy indeed, though not completely disappointing. It shows that the author s social utopia ( is far from being realized. Mahfouz seems to conceive o f time as a force of oppression. His novels have consistently shown time as the carrier of change, and change as a very painful process, and very often time is not content until it has dealt his heroes the final blow of death.

Naguib Mahfouz how he pictures the world To sum up, in Mahfouz s dark description of the world there are only two bright spots . These consist of man's continuing struggle for equality on the one hand and the promise of scientific progress on the other; meanwhile, life is a tragedy.

Text Appreciation Structure of the text Part 1 (para. 1- ) about: Part 2 (para. ) about: Part 3 (para. ) about: 7 The boys misgivings about school 8-16 How the boy felt about school. 17-20 Walking out of the school, he found time had changed everything.

Text Appreciation for group discussion in class Plot of the story: a little boy s first time to go to school Setting of the story: on the way to school at school on the way home Protagonist v.s. Antagonists: I - the boy Writing technique: (Have you ever read a story using the similar technique?) Theme of the story: What do you think?

Text Appreciation for group discussion in class The following are a few possible understandings of the message the story conveys. Which one do you agree with? Argue with your group partners. q Time and tide wait for no man. q Life is a tragedy. There is nothing permanent in life but change. q Education can never keep up with changes in society. q Life is short and time is precious. q Life is a dream. Do not take anything seriously.

Text Appreciation Detailed Analysis Part 1 How did the boy feel about going to school? Find textual evidence. Why was he feeling so? List the fathers comments about school. What do you think of them? Have you ever been given some suggestions by your parents when entering the university? List them out. qSchool is a place that makes useful men out of boys. qDont you want to be useful like your brothers? qPut a smile on your face and be a good example to others. qBe a man. qToday you truly begin life. _________________________________________

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 1. I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand. alongside: side by side, next to clutching his right hand: present participle as adverbial modifier list other examples from the text: My mother stood at the window watching our progress ...

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 2. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time. What does they refer to? What does the narrator imply by using to be thrown into school ? But I wasnt happy as I usually was when I had new clothes to wear because it was the day I started school.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 3. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help. What does progress mean here? What kind of help could his mother offer? What does the sentence tell us about the boy s relationships with his parents? Slow and difficult movement towards the school.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 4. We walked along a street lined with gardens a street where there are gardens along both sides lined with : past participle phrase used here to modify a street . It can be regarded as a relative clause cut short, eg. a novel (that was) written by Charles Dickens personal computers (that are) made in China

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 5. Why school? I asked my father. What have I done? elliptical question & rhetorical question Please give more examples. Why do I have to go to school? I dont think Ive done anything wrong to be punished like this.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase elliptical question & rhetorical question A: Headmaster: We want you to go and tell the boy s parents the news. B: Teacher: Why me? Father: We ll go to Tianjin this weekend. Daughter: What for?/ Why this weekend?/Why Tianjin? Don t you want to be useful like your brothers? Can t you see I m busy? (Don t disturb me!) What good is a promise for an unemployed worker? Does nothing ever worry you?

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 6. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building. There is no good to be had in doing sth. It is no good/use doing sth. I didnt think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 7. we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls. vast and full of boys and girls: adjective phrase as an attributive modifier More examples: There s nothing wrong with the computer. Can you recommend some books easy for freshmen to read?

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 8. You will find me waiting for you when it s time to leave. I ll come to fetch you when school is over. I ll be waiting for you here at the gate. waiting for you as object complement find + obj + v-ing eg. They found the lost child ______ in the cave. As I walk down the familiar routes on campus, I find myself _____ a lot of soul-searching and reminiscing.

Word Study clutch hold tightly, usu. in fear, anxiety, or pain Silent and pale, the girl clutched (to/onto) her mothers chest. A drowning man will clutch at a straw. Clutching the money in his hand, he hurried to the bank.

Word Study convince convince sb of sth/that make sb feel certain I couldnt ~ him of his mistake. I am convinced of his honesty. a convincing argument

Language Understanding phrases to make sb./sth. (out) of sb./sth. It s a place that makes useful men out of boys. (make boys become useful men) eg. Experience has made him a man. The army made a man of him.

Language Understanding phrases There is no good to be had in doing sth. It is no good/use doing sth. There is no good to be had in buying a boat when you don t have enough spare time to use it. It s no good crying over spilt milk. It is worth doing well what is worth doing.

Language Understanding phrases it is no (not much) good it is no (not any, hardly any, little) use it is useless it is not the slightest use it is worth(worthwhile) there is no (no good, no use) There is no denying that women are playing an important role in the world today. + doing

Language Understanding phrases to tear sb. away from a place to (make sb.) leave a place or a person unwillingly because one has to eg. Can t you tear yourself away from the TV for dinner? I found the program absolutely fascinating. I couldn t tear myself away even to finish an urgent e-mail.

Language Understanding phrases to cling to sth. to hold tightly; not release one s grip on eg. The little child clung to his mother for comfort. She still clings to the belief that her son is alive. The baby monkey clung to its mother.

Text Appreciation Detailed Analysis Part 2 What happened the first day at school? How did the boy like school life? Can you describe the different stages of his day at school? Do these changes carry any symbolic meaning to you?the different stages How do you understand there are fathers and mothers here (para. 12) and I made many friends and fell in love with many girls (para. 13)?

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 1. A lady came along, followed by a group of men. followed by a group of men: an adverbial modifier of manner eg. ( combine, give, guide) ____ by the teachers, all the students are studying very hard. ____ enough time, I ll complete the job in time. ____ with practice, theory may be learned easily.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 2. The men began sorting us into ranks. The men began arranging us into lines/ rows.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 3. We were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard. We were made to stand in different places to form regular lines or shapes in the big courtyard.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 4. from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood. on one side of the courtyard was a building with a long wood-roofed balcony on each floor where we could be seen. Or from the balcony on each floor of the building people could see the pattern into which we formed.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 5. Well, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis. Well, perhaps my doubt, worry and fear about what school would be like were all groundless. Or Well, it seemed that I was wrong to think that school was a dreadful place.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 6. It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around. What we did at school wasn t just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful. all: completely a matter of sth.: a situation that involves sth. to fool around: to waste time instead of doing sth. that you should be doing Learning is a matter of seeing much, suffering much and studying much.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 7. In addition, the time for changing one s mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home. There is no question (of doing): there is no possibility Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 8. Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance. nothing but: only We would have to do our best and keep working very hard until we finished school. This is what I imagined our school days would be like. Or The kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle and perseverance.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 9. Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves. to present itself/ themselves: (formal) to appear, happen If there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success and happiness.

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 12. Then there was a band..., with clowns and weight lifters walking in front. More examples: He stood there with a stick in his hand. (with + n. + prep.) Paul soon fell asleep with the light still burning. (with + n. + participle) She can t go out with all these dishes to wash. (with + n. + to do.) He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. (with + n. + adv. )

Word Study daze V. make sb feel stupid or unable to think clearly If someone gave you a heavy blow on the head, you would probably feel ~d. dazzle dazzling dazzling sunshine

Word Study exert exert on/upon exert pressure on sb exert all one s strength/influence to do sth For college students to do a part-time job will exert a profound influence on their personality and life. exert oneself: make an effort exert oneself to arrive early

Word Study intricate an intricate plot , complex complicated sophisticated

Word Study lift: raise sth to a higher level or position lift articles in a shop shoplift elevator (America) : box-like apparatus in a building for taking people up or down to another floor

Word Study observe observe traffic rules observe a person's birthday observant an observant boy observant of the rules observatory

Word Study overlook: 1. have a view of sth from above The house on the hill overlooks the village. 2.fail to see or notice; pay no attention to You have overlooked several of the mistakes in this work.

Word Study rank: n. 1.line of people or things a taxi rank 2.position or class people of all ranks a man of rank v. This town ranks high among beauty spots. cups ranked neatly on the shelf

Word Study -volv-, -volut- ( revolve re+volv The wheel is revolving about its axis. evolve e ( +volv The British political system has evolved over several centuries.

Word Study uniform adj. the same; not varying in form, quality,etc. things of uniform weight n. dress worn by all members of an organization He looks handsome in uniform.

Word Study vary: be different They vary in price from ten to fifty yuan. vary various varied variety variation invarious invariously

Language Understanding phrases burst into (tears, sobs; laughter, a guffaw, song) begin, suddenly and/or violently, to cry, laugh, sing etc. eg. burst into tears burst into the room

Language Understanding phrases cf. The aircraft turned on its back and burst into flames. The orchards seemed to have burst into blossom overnight. I mentioned the incident later to a friend and he burst out laughing/crying.

Language Understanding phrases sort people into ranks put... in order; arrange cf. I sorted the books into big ones and small ones. " , " "Sort out these papers and fasten them together with a clip, please."

Language Understanding phrases to resort to to make use of ; to turn to sth. (esp. sth. bad) as a solution eg. I'm sorry you have resorted to deception. to resort to force

Language Understanding phrases to present oneself to appear, happen eg. When the chance to study at Harvard presented itself, I jumped at it. He was ordered to present himself at the chairman s office at nine o clock next morning.

Language Understanding phrases Guess the word meaning They unwrapped their Christmas presents. His wife presented him with a brand-new baby girl. His sudden resignation presents us with a tricky situation. The National Theatre is presenting King Lear next month. It was unfair to discuss his case if he wasn t present.

Text Appreciation Detailed Analysis Part 3 What did I see when he stepped out of school? Summarize the changes. How did he feel? Why did he stand still? How do you understand the unexpectedness of the changes? Why do you think the boy was suddenly a grandpa?

Text Appreciation for group discussion in class In the last part of the text, the boy walked out of the school to find that the outside world had changed beyond measure. How might he feel about the changes? List exact words that support your choice. He was _____ frightened surprised angry puzzled excited satisfied delighted sad indifferent critical Supporting words startled,

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 1. How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides? How did the street come to be covered with so much rubbish on both sides? Where did they come from? to find one s way: to arrive or get to a place

Language Understanding sentence paraphrase 2. here and there stood conjurers showing off their tricks, or making snakes appear from baskets. an inverted sentence Conjurers stood everywhere. They were showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets. More examples: There are some exceptions to this reaction. Were there no air on the earth, there would be no life on it. In no case should we waste our time. There goes the bell. Away hurried the customers.

Word Study startle: give a shock to;cause to move or jump Startled She was startled to see him looking so ill. , startling

Text Appreciation for after-class thinking Great works never fail to reveal the common human experience. After reading the story, do you feel emotionally or spiritually touched? Why or why not?

Assignment: word study Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions. The change of air is particularly beneficial _______ her health. He is now convinced ______ the truth of the report. Please do not be irritated _______ his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention. The old woman is unbearably curious _______ other people s business. to of by about

Word study prefixes mis-= wrong(ly), bad(ly), ill (misgiving ) 1. The irresponsible of a drunken driver resulted in an accident. 2. ___________ never come singly. 3. I like your plan in principle; my only ______ is that it may take too long to carry out. 4. How can we clear up the ____________ between the two families? misbehavior Misfortunes misgiving misunderstanding

Word study prefixes over- = above, across, beyond (overlook, ) 1. The fire was completely by daybreak. 2. Water from the kitchen sink onto the floor. 3. Our garden is from the neighbor s windows. 4. Well, I ll it this time; but don t do it again. overcome overflowed overlooked overlook

Word study prefixes var(i)=diverse, to change (vary, variation, various, variety,...) 1. Features such as height, weight, and skin color ____ from individual to individual and from face to face. 2. The weatherman broadcasts the ________ in temperature twice a day. 3. The remarkable _______ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution. vary variation variety

Writing after-class work Write a composition no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline below. On Change 1. We are living in an ever-changing world. 2. Change is double-edged. 3. We can manage to take advantage of changes.

Half a Day Naguib Mahfouz You can tell whether a man is clever by his answers. You can tell whether a man is wise by his questions. ----Naguib Mahfouz

The Boy and the Bank Officer Philip Ross

Background: bank / churches and churchgoers Text: sentence understanding /word study Discussion: questions on text Activities: dramatization UNIT 4

Functions performed by banks today have been carried out by individuals, families, or state officials for at least 4,000 years. Banks first emerged in the Middle Ages when people grew tired of carrying around all their gold and began leaving their money with the goldsmith. Italian Banking in the 14th Century Background:Banks HISTORY OF BANKS

During the early Renaissance( 14 16 ), as international trade revived, Italian money changers once again appeared. They did business in the streets from a bench (banca in Italian; hence the word bank). Florence, Italy, became a great banking center, dominated by the Medici ( )family. The Medici family, one of the most prominent banking families in Europe during this time, became quite wealthy from its banking and money lending practices. Background:Banks

With the growth of commerce and trade in Northern Europe, the Netherlands( )became an international financial center. The Bank of Amsterdam( / ) was organized in 1609. A chartered public bank( )was opened in Sweden( )in 1656. Bank notes were probably first issued in the 1660s by the Bank of Stockholm( / ) in Sweden. It was probably the first financial institution in the world to issue standard-size payable-on-demand( )bank bills, which eliminated the handling of copper coins. Background:Banks

The Bank of France was founded in 1800. For most of the 19th century the money markets of Europe were dominated by the House of Rothschild. The house was operated by Rothschild and his oldest son, Amschel Mayer, until its dissolution in 1901. The four other Rothschild sons opened bank branches in Vienna, Austria; Naples( ), Italy; London, England; and Paris, France. The London and Paris branches are still in operation. Frankfurt House of Rothschild

Background: Churches and churchgoers The British churchgoer prefers a severe preacher because he thinks a few home truths will do his neighbors no harm. ---Attributed to George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright. Nobody but poor folks get happy in church. ---Richard Wright,U.S. novelist.

Pre-class Discussion: 1)How do you understand the author s friend s attitude toward banks? The author s friend hates banks, saying that they act like churches. 2) What can banks do for us? And what about churches? Banks keep, land and issue money as well as offer many other financial services such as deposits, loans, exchange, savings, etc.. They also help to regulate the economy with changes in interest rate in money supply. Churches represent Almighty God; lt has right to tell people what to do and what not to do.

Pre-class Discussion: Pre-class Discussion: 3) Are there any differences and similarities between banks and churches? They are ordinary stores. But a bank s goods happen to be money. 4) What do you think of the ending of the story? What effect may it bring to the story? The ending of the story is unexpected. It may bring the story interesting. This article seems to prove that the prejudices of people like the author are ungrounded.

Bank and Church The bank stands for finance. The church stands for religion. Both church and bank are so close to people s life, therefore the bank is regarded as the spokesman of the God, which interfere and control our lives.

Language Point happen to do : occur by chance We happened to be in the neighborhood. happen: ---refers to accidental or unplanned event occur: ---refers to accidental or unplanned event; (more formal than happen) take place: suggests that an event is/was planned

Language Point in the first / second place: ---firstly / secondly in my / your place: ---in my situation overlighted: - -- having too much light over-: ---above; outside; across overcoat overhead overhang overall --- to excess; too much overtime overeat overburden overcharge overweight overheated

Language Point -ish: 1). somewhat,near to reddish greenish yellowish darkish 2). in the manner of foolish childish boyish womanish snobbish 3). of a country Irish Polish Finnish Spanish fortyish: at about the age of forty

Language Point mustache: hair on upper lip beard: hair growing on man s chin goatee: short pointed beard authority: --- powers to give orders and make others obey eg. The leader must be a person of authority. --- person with special knowledge eg. She is an authority on phonetics. --- (pl.) person or group having the power to give orders or take actions eg. the authorities concerned

Language Point more than: (colloq.) ---very; extremely; beyond They were more than willing to help. more than: The child was more frightened than hurt. He always seemed old to me, more like a grandfather than a father. no more than : ---only; just / ---the same as It cost me no more than $5 to buy the book. Hes no more able to read Spanish than I am.

Language Point think twice about / doing sth: ---think carefully before deciding to do sth You should think twice about employing someone youve never met. Once bitten, twice shy. ---(saying) after an unpleasant experience one is careful to avoid sth similar Lightning never strike in the same place twice. ---(saying) an unusual event, or one that happens by chance, is not likely to occur again in the exactly the same circumstances or to the same people.

Language Point as to + whether : concerning / about / regarding who when I can t decide as to when we should start. It s still unclear as to whom this car belongs to. no but to : He had no choice but to sell the house. (do / did/ does) + no but do: I did nothing but follow the rules. I don't know anything as to the others.

Language Point but: one cannot / couldn t but do sth: --- (formal) have to I couldn t but admit that he was right. (negative word) + but + clause: ---without the result that No man is so old but he may learn. ( No man is too old to learn.) but for sb / sth: --- without sb / sth But for the rain, we would have had a nice holiday..

Language Point move in for sth: --- become active in doing sth I moved in for the kill. move in on sb / sth: ---approach sb / sth, esp. in a threatening way The police moved in on the terrorists. move in sth: --- live, be active, pass ones time, etc. in a particular social group She moves in the highest circles of society.

Language Point zero in on sb / sth: ---aim guns, etc. at or find the range of ( a particular target) --- fix attention on sb / sth; focus on sb / sth(sl) We should zero in on the key issues for discussion. damn: adv. very damn good / clever / well An enemy battery zeroed in on the crossroad.

Language Point Sentence Understanding 1)Everything about him suggested a carefully dressed authority. ---His clothes, his manner, etc. indicated that he was a carefully dressed man who had an important position and power. 2) Now if you will excuse me. This expression is used when one wants to go back to ones work, or to attend to other customers, or just to end the conversation.

3) I didnt think twice. I didnt think very carefully. 4) Excuse me? But why/ I dont understand. 5) I had my opening. I found a good chance to or to say something. 6) I moved in for the kill. I began to prepare to kill, destroy or defeat my enemy. He had a strong argument to silence the bank officer. Sentence Understanding

7) How do you explain that? What can you say to get out of this ridiculous logic? 8) Look, were just wasting each others time. You are just talking nonsense. I dont want to listen to you any more. 9) has been shaking the boy down .has been getting money from the boy by using threats 10) Anyway, the police are on the case. Anyway, the police are working on the case. Sentence Understanding

Activities: Role-play Characters: the boy the writer the bank officer the bully the policeman

My Personal Manager Margaret Goff Clark

My Personal Manager Background Warming-up questions Text appreciation Language understanding Group activities

Background Margaret Goff Clark is a productive author. She wrote stories about teenagers. Different themes: mysteries science fiction human relationship wild animals

Theme one: mysteries Who Stole Kathy Young? It is about two girls who are cousins named Meg and Kathy. Meg and Kathy both live in Texas. The story is set in summer and Meg and Kathy always come for vacation. They saw two tourists that seemed a bit weird to them but didn't really think anything of it until they began to follow them. Next Meg sees Kathy a little further down the road being pushed into a van. Meg automatically thinks it must be those two tourists that they had seen earlier. Police search parties are sent out searching for Kathy but they can't find her. Meg decides that just waiting isn't helping, so she starts to search for Kathy herself with a boy named Julian. While all of this searching for Kathy is going on, Kathy herself is trying to escape.

Theme two: science fiction Barney and UFO Barney is afraid to tell his foster parents that he has seen a UFO behind the house even when a hasty promise to a space boy leads him into trouble. Barney on Mars When Barney's young friend's dog is taken to Mars, extraterrestrial acquaintance Tibbo helps them try to get it back.

Theme three: human relationship This book is a historical fiction about a family helping slaves escape to Canada.

Theme four: wild animals The Endangered Florida Panther There is a good mix of high-interest anecdotes about the panther( )and the people who study and safeguard it, and of facts and photos that present basic information about the species and its ecological role. Habits and habitat are briefly discussed; history focuses on the panther's endangered status and the efforts to protect it.

The Threatened Florida Black Bear In this companion book Clark gives basic historical and scientific facts with eyewitness accounts of the wildlife biologists who study and protect the animals. It is these anecdotes that create a sense of excitement and convey the tragedy of habitat loss that puts various species at risk worldwide. Full- color photographs provide information and a feeling ofrespect. Solidly on the side of wildlife conservation, Clark presents a balanced picture of the bear's relationship with the environment and with humans, discussing conflicts and compromise.

Pre-class Questions What troubles the hero and heroine in the story? What will it usually result in? How do they deal with it? In this text, Why doesn t the story directly begin from the first day I meet Carlos? If you were Karen, what would you do? And if you were Carlos? What would you do to help Karen? Do you have the similar problems? what is your way to resolve them?

Text appreciation Development of story: Part I (para.1): suspense of the story Part II (para. 2-par.6): the first day I met Carlos. Part III (para.7-para.8): Carlos became my personal manager. Part IV. (para.9-end): the success of us.

Text appreciation Main characters: Carlos---being knee-high to a flea, I realized I was going to have to spend my life in this undersized skin. I just decided to make the best of it and concentrate on being myself. Karen --- No boy wants to date a girl taller than she is.

Text appreciation Beginning of the story: Which is how little Carlos Herrera took me and turned me into well Which is how little Carlos Herrera took me and turned me into a cool, pretty, and popular girl.

Text appreciation Chronological order: Karen ran into something solid. Carlos s suggestions: appearance---let my hair grow wear a fitted sweater and neat skirt; manners---lift my head and sayHito everyone; I was to volunteer to work on the school paper and go out for dramatics;

Text appreciation The end of the story: Karen refused Reed and decided to have dinner with Carlos.

Text appreciation Humorous: I'm going to be a promotion man. I may be short, but I can promote big things. Like me. (Carlos wants to promote big ideas or activities; Karen says:Do you mean you can promote big things like me ) Take that seat,"Mr. McCarthy told Carlos, pointing to the only empty one, in the back of the room. Carlos grinned.But I need a couple of dictionaries.

Text appreciation Karen ---It doesn't seem to bother youbeing short, I mean. Carlos--- Of course I mind being short. I get a stiff neck every day from looking up at people like you.

Text appreciation Shortness: 1.to come back to earth/to come down to earth:to return to reality, suddenly or with a shock; to return to a normal way of thinking after a time when you are excited I'm glad Mary has come down to earth and stopped dreaming of being rich.

Text appreciation 2. to make the best of it/to make the best of a bad job/to make the best of a bad situation:to accept a sad or unsatisfactory situation that you cannot change and do the best that you can in the circumstances We'll have to spend the night in this awful place, so we might as well make the best of it.

Text appreciation 3. to go through with sth. :to carry out; refuse to be prevented from sth. I can't go through with this performance. I'm so nervous. 4. to know better informed about sth./ to know better than to do sth. : be wise enough to behave in a more responsible and acceptable way She's only six, but she's old enough to know better than to run out into the traffic. I'm surprised at your behaving so badly you ought to know better.

Language understanding 1. annoy, irritate, bother annoy refers to mild disturbance caused by an act that tries one's patience irritate is closely related but somewhat stronger bother implies troublesome imposition

Language understanding 1) Hasn't he ______ them enough with his phone calls? 2)I was ______ by his bad manners. 3) Your interruptions only serve to _____the entire staff. 4) Pardon me for _______ you with such a small matter. bothered annoyed irritate bothering

Language understanding 2. cast The fisherman cast his net into the sea. She cast an eye in his direction. It cast a new light on the problem. He seemed to be cast down. He cast his vote against the new tax law. stake everything on the single cast of a dice This is a play with an all-star cast.

Language understanding 3. knee beat sb. to his knees/bring sb. to his knees ( force sb. to submit) bend one's knee before /to sb. The water was knee-deep. The grass was knee-high.

4. plead to ask earnestly; beg: The boy pleaded for mercy. She pleaded with the officer not to give her a ticket. to assert as defense or excuse; claim as a plea plead ignorance to put forward a plea of a specific nature in court, claim plead guilty argue earnestly in favor of: pleading the rights of the unemployed

5. under- Beneath or below in position: underground, undergarments, undercurrent Inferior or subordinate in rank or importance: undergraduate, undersecretary Less in degree, rate, or quantity than normal or proper: undersized, underdeveloped, underpaid, underdone, undernourished

6. know better than to do: be wise enough not to do She is old enough to know better than to spend all her money on clothes. I know better than to lend him any money. He ran away from school. He ought to have known better.

Language understanding 7. be through (with) Are you through with your work? I am through talking to her. 8. worth for all one is worth for what it is worth get one's money's worth , We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. proverb) [ ]

9. laugh laughing-stock no laughing matter laugh off an embarrassing situation laugh in one s face laugh in one's sleeve He laughs best who laughs last.

Language understanding 10. laugh, smile, grin, chuckle, sneer, giggle grin: smile broadly showing the teeth chuckle to laugh quietly or to oneself sneer to assume a scornful, contemptuous facial expression giggle: to laugh with repeated short sounds

Language understanding At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing. He grinned from ear to ear. He was chuckling to himself over what he was reading. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. James sneered at my old bicycle. He has a new one. The funny man amused the girls, so they giggled.

Language understanding 11. best make the best of a bad job to the best of one's ability The best is the enemy of the good. [ ] ; to the best of my knowledge:as far as I know Strive for the best, prepare for the worst. , She spent the best part of an hour writing a letter.

12. come back to earth like nothing on earth bring sb. back [down] to earth down to earth ,

13. let loose at /in the (very) loose [ break /get loose ; ; give (a) loose on the loose

Language understanding 14. brain brain wave ; beat one s brains have something on the brain rack one s brains

Group activities Group discussion How do you think Karen will choose between Reed Harrington and Carlos as her boyfriend according to story? Why do you think so? If you were Karen, which one would you choose? Dramatize the story.

Writing Practice Write a story. Focus on the plot and dialogue.

UNIT 14 After Twenty Years O.Henry

Background Information O.Henry ( . ): He was a famous American short-story writer noted for the surprise ending. He wrote a large number of short stories in which he described amusing incidents of everyday life.

O. Henry (1862-1910) was a prolific American short-story writer, a master of surprise endings, who wrote about the life of ordinary people in New York City. A twist of plot, which turns on an ironic or coincidental circumstance, is typical of O. Henry's stories. William Sydney Porter (O. Henry) was born in North Carolina. His father, Algernon Sidney Porter, was a physician. When William was three, his mother died, and he was raised by his paternal grandmother and aunt. William was an avid reader, but at the age of fifteen he left school, and then worked in a drug store and on a Texas farm. He moved to Houston, where he had a number of jobs, including that of bank clerk. After moving to Austin, Texas, in 1882, he married.

In 1884 he started a humorous weekly The Rolling Stone. When the weekly failed, he joined the Houston Post as a reporter and columnist. In 1897 he was convicted of embezzling money, although there has been much debate over his actual guilt. In 1898, unfortunately he was kept in prison at Columbus, Ohio for three years in his thirties though he had done nothing wrong. It was there that he began to write short stories to earn money to support his daughter Margaret. His first work, "Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking" (1899), appeared in McClure's Magazine. After doing three years of the five years sentence, Porter emerged from the prison in 1901 and changed his name to O. Henry.

O. Henry moved to New York City in 1902 and from December 1903 to January 1906 he wrote a story a week for the New York World, also publishing in other magazines. Henry's first collection, Cabbages And Kings appeared in 1904. The second, The Four Million, was published two years later and included his well-known stories "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Furnished Room". The Trimmed Lamp (1907) included "The Last Leaf". Henry's best known work is perhaps the much anthologized "The Ransom of Red Chief", included in the collection Whirligigs (1910). The Heart Of The West (1907) presented tales of the Texas range. O. Henry published 10 collections and over 600 short stories during his lifetime, some of which have been translated into Chinese. His books are very popular in China

O. Henry's last years were shadowed by alcoholism, ill health, and financial problems. He married Sara Lindsay Coleman in 1907, but the marriage was not happy, and they separated a year later. O. Henry died of cirrhosis of the liver on June 5, 1910, in New York. Three more collections, Sixes And Sevens (1911), Rolling Stones (1912) and Waifs And Strays (1917), appeared. Henry House at former location on grounds of old Lone Star Hall of Horns

"Life is made of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating."Lifesmiles "A good story is like a bitter pill, with the sugar coating inside of itgood ---O. Henry

Story Introduction: A policeman on the beat sees a man leaning in the doorway of a hardware store. The man explains that he is waiting for his friend Jimmy Wells, an appointment they had made twenty years ago. They were best friends, and the man waiting is sure his friend will show up.

The policeman walks away, and shortly after a tall man walks up to the hardware store and greets the man waiting. Incredibly happy to see his old friend again, the man begins walking along the street with him. Soon he realizes that the tall man does not look like his friend Jimmy. He is then arrested by the tall man, and given a note from the policeman. The note said that he had been at the appointment place on time, but had recognized his friend's face as wanted by the police. Since he did not want to arrest his friend, he found someone else to do the job for him.

Text Understanding Section 1: 1. What are the characters' feelings in this section? How do you know? 2. What do you think will happen next? 3. Will the friend show up? If so, how will the encounter be?

Text Understanding Section 2: 1. Do you agree with Jimmy's actions? Why or why not? 2. How do you imagine Jimmy twenty years ago? 3. How do you imagine Bob twenty years ago? 4. How do you think Jimmy felt when he saw Bob? 5. Are Jimmy's actions justified?

6. If you were in Jimmy's shoes, what would have been the best thing to do from the following points of view? a.your career as a policeman b.your friendship with Bob c.your own conscience d.the law 7. How do you think Jimmy felt when he wrote the letter? 8. What do you think Bob's reaction was when he read the letter? 9. Had you been Bob how would you have reacted to the letter?

Word Study beat a policeman s beat , We played the top class at football but we couldn't beat them. That problem has beaten me.

empty,vain,hollow Let's stop the empty talk and do some useful and practical work. Then he found himself in a hollow vally. The principal made another vain appeal for better equipment in the school laboratory.

keen He has a keen brain. A keen north wind was blowing. , , My roommates are very keen on bridge cards among other things. Please quote keen prices.

The wheel turns. The earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. 24 The earth revolves around the sun. spin a top The leaves whirled in the wind. turn rotate revolve spin whirl

sharp (adj.) 1.a sharp morninga. ; 2. a short and sharp lifeb. 3. a sharp boyc. 4. be sharp at figuresd. 5. sharp practicee. 6. sharp tonguef. 7. sharp wordsg.

fine There's a only very fine line between punishment and cruelty. , I missed some of the fine points in the argument. ( ) Your shoes are in a fine muddy state. Fine feathers make fine birds. [ ] ,

destiny, fate, doom They ascribed their disaster to an unkind ______. It was her _________ to become famous. The Battle of Stalingrad sealed Hitler's _______. fate destiny doom

release 1.He was released from the prison. 2.The news was released in yesterdays newspaper. 3.She seemed to do something to release her tension. 4.We could release you from your duties for two days. Meanwhile, you take a good rest. a. get rid of b. let free c. make known d. allownot to do

fortune make a fortune come into a fortune have fortune on one's side He dances well to whom fortune pipes. [ ]

club The workers in the office clubbed together to buy her a present for her birthday. club ideas and exertions

Sentence Understanding 1.This policeman was impressive in a natural way. He was not trying to look important, because it didn t make scene----there were few people in the street to see him. 2.His clever swinging of the club showed his confidence and competence as a cop. His air of superiority showed his pride and sense of dignity as a law-enforcing officer. 3.People in that area closed their stores pretty early. 4.Why? Because he saw a man standing in the doorway and he became suspicious, or he was excited that it might be the friend he had expected to see.

5. It had to be a darkened store and Bobs cigar had to be unlighted, otherwise Jim would see that it was the man wanted by the police in Chicago. 6. It is strange that they did not recognize each other. It could be the darkness and long separation. It could also be that on Jims part, he was cautious. 7. The match light showed a face which must have fitted the description of the wanted man, especially the square jaw and the white scar. 8. We guessed that by that time we should have already decided what to do with our lives, or should have already found our places in society.

9. I have been running around the West with vigor and energy. 10. A man is unable to go very far or to be very successful in New York. He cant escape the boring life. He has to go to the West to become an eager and exciting person. 11. You are going quietly, will you? Or: You are not going to resist, are you? Thats wise.

12. Why? Jim had mixed feelings. He knew what his duty was. But the memories of their friendship, the expressions of Bobs undying respect and admiration for him and the fact that Bon had come all the way from a thousand miles away just to keep the appointment made 20 years ago must have deeply touched him.

Perform their role-plays for the class : the roles of the two characters and narrator in the story After-class Activities

Leading in Every September when new students first come to a university, they have a week or so of orientation preparing them for the years to come. In the session a series of talks and tours are organizd to help freshmen to understand the purpose, rules and regulations of the universities, and to learn how to use the facilities, to plan their studies, to handle relationships and even how to budget for their expenses at college. What do you think of the purpose for our further education in college? What do you think is urgently needed for college students in the 21st century? After learning this text, students should realize that they should be avid readers and learners and arm themselves with the best of mankind s techniques and spiritual resources, and seize all opportunities to cultivate the spirit of teamwork, the ability to handle emergencies and to work under pressure.

Outline of the Text Cultural Background Cultural Background Cultural Background Language Points Language Points Language Points Text Understanding Text Understanding Text Understanding Structure Structure Writing Style Writing Style Writing Style Assignment Assignment

Cultural Background: Alighieri Dante Alighieri Dante Albert Einstein Albert Einstein William Shakespeare William Shakespeare Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer

Alighieri Dante Alighieri Dante (1265-1321) an Italian poet. His masterpiece The Divine Comedy , describes the journey of a religious pilgrim through Hell Purgatory and heaven. One of the first writers to abandon Latin for the language of the people, Dante s work is viewed as the beginning of Renaissance( )

Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (1859- 1930) was a German-born Swiss-American theoretical physicist, the formulator of the theory of relativity. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921 and is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientist in history.

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564- 1616) is the most famous poet and playwright in the English-speaking countries, if not in the world. He is said to have written 39 plays and more than 154 sonnets, many of which have become masterpieces for students of arts and literature all over the world. Some of his most famous successful plays include Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Othello, Richard , Henry and A Midsummer Nights Dream.

Geoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) an English poet, established English as a literature language. His most representative work Canterbury Tales provides an excellent source on the life and customs of late medieval England.

Language Points accomplishment assume democratic disaster disaster implicitly peculiar peculiar specialize sensitive

accomplishment n. the act of finishing sth. completely and successfully [ ] achievement ----Nursing gave her a sense of accomplishment

assume v. to take as a fact, to suppose [ ] presume; presuppose; suppose ---We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty

democratic adj. based on the idea that everyone should have equal rights and should be involved in making important decision a democratic movement; democratic art forms.

disaster n. a sudden event such as a flood, storm, or an accident which causes great damage or suffering [ ] calamity; catastrophe [ ] disastrous

implicitly adv. in an implied way implicit adj. Frustration is implicit in any attempt to express the deepest self (Patricia Hampl) ( ) [ ] explicitly

peculiar adj. belong only to a particular person, place, or situation [ ] especial; particular ---The problem of racism is not peculiar to this country [ ] peculiarity n. peculiarly adv.

specialize v. to limit all or most of the one s study to particular subjects e.g. Many students specialized in engineering. [ ] specialization n. specialized adj.

peculiar adj. belong only to a particular person, place, or situation e.g. The problem of racism is not peculiar to this country. [ ] especial; particular [ ] peculiarity n. peculiarly adv.

sensitive adj. able to understand or appreciate art, music or literature e.g. We must be sensitive to the community s needs [ ] sensitivity

TextUnderstanding Text Understanding one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. be fresh out of/from something Part of the student teach me something. Part of the student teach me something. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things.

Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher Let me tell you something happened when I first became a teacher. The word disaster often means an unexpected event such as a very bad accident . Here, used informally, it means a complete failure . The writer exaggerates the situation and uses the word humorously.

be fresh out of/from something to have just come from a particular place; to have just had a particular experience For example: Students fresh from college Students fresh from college Athletes fresh from their success at the Ninth National Games Athletes fresh from their success at the Ninth National Games

Part of the student teach me something. The sentence tells us what an unfavorable impression the student left on the writer the first day he came to the class. Part of the body : one of the students Here body means a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or who are connected in some other way. For example: a law-making body: The governing body of the university

New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things Instead of telling him the importance of an all-around education, I tried to convince him from a very practical point of view. Put: to express or say something, in a particular way For example: 1. Can you put in another way? 2. I really don t know how to put it. I don t really hate the city. I don t love it either.

Structure The text can be divided into two parts. The first part (Paragraph 1--8 ) The writer describes his encounter with a student. He tried but failed to convince the student that a pharmacy major needs to read great writers. The second Part (Paragraph 9--14) He restates, fourteen years later, what he still believes to be the purpose of a university; putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human races has created.

Writing Style As it is originally a talk, the writer adopts a basically colloquial and familiar style. The tone in the first part is humorous and mildly sarcastic. e.g. The pharmacy major is referred to as a beanpole with hair on top , this specimen and this particular pest .

Assignment: Page 13 Ex.1 Word Formation Page 15 Ex. 2 &3 Background introduction Aristotle, Bach, Shakespeare Einstein, Virgil

More Crime and Less Punishment Richard Moran Lesson Three

Outline of the Text Introduction of the text Introduction of the author Background knowledge Structure of the text Language and style Techniques of writing Language points

Introduction of the text Purpose of the essay The essay provides statistical information and analyzes the present situation to show that punishment does not deter crime.

Introduction of the author Richard Moran Richard Moran is a criminologist and a leading expert on the insanity defense, capital punishment, and the history of the electric chair. The author of numerous articles and reviews, Moran has also written articles for the Washington Post, Christian Science Monitor, New York Times, and Newsweek.

Alcatraz Island Alcatraz Island is one of Golden Gate National Recreation Area's most popular destinations, offering a close-up look at a historic and infamous federal prison. Visitors to the island cannot only explore the remnants of the prison, but can also learn about the Indian occupation of 1969 - 1971, early military fortifications (the first U.S. fort on the coast), and the West Coast's first (and oldest operating) lighthouse. These structures and the island's many natural features are being preserved by the National Park Service which is working to make it accessible to visitors, preserve its buildings, protect its birds and other wildlife, and interpret its history.

Saudi Arabia Officially know as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with a total population of more than million, the country lies in the Middle east and Occupies four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula. With Islam as its official religion, the legal system of the country is largely based on the teachings of Koran which governs the social and moral behavior of the society.

Warm-up 1.What do you now about jury system in America? Jury system The Jury trial is an important component in the judicial system. The jury consists of 12 jurors, selected at random, which will, after hearing all the evidence and cross- examination, give a verdict of guilty or innocent. Then, the judge will pass sentence. In many jurisdictions, the majority of a jury is not sufficient to find a defendant guilty, all 12 members must agree to the person s guilt.

2. What is the guiding principle in criminal court in America? The court must prove the accused person s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. In other words, the accused is held innocent until proved guilty. In theory, the concept makes sure that a case is not misjudged and that an innocent person is not unjustly treated. However, in other cases, this may help criminals to escape punishment for his lawyer can always raise a reasonable doubt concerning the evidence or the trustworthiness of the witnesses. Also, collecting evidence and having a trial or even summon a jury cost a lot of money.

3. What expressions do you know about crime, law and court? Correctional personnel to prosecute sb parole to imprison/jail a criminal crime rate to supervise a criminal arrest record to execute a murderer property crime

Structure of the Text Part I (Paragraphs 1--3 ): Introduction Part II (Paragraphs 4--9): Body Part III (Paragraph 10): Conclusion

Language and Style formal serious essay long sentences

Techniques of Writing Statistical information Analogy Rhetorical questions Selective use of repetition

Class-based Presentations Topic 1: What mainly causes the crime? the lack of effective laws the lack of moral control Topic 2: How do you understand the saying: Poverty is the mother of crime

Language points Part I get tough with Treat somebody in a unfriendly way. E.g. If you don t answer my question, I ll get tough with you. amount to something To be great. To have some achievement. E.g. He will amount to something. suggest Give somebody some advice to do something. E.g. I suggest that you go there with somebody else.

Language points Part I lock somebody away Limit one s movement. Put somebody into jail. E.g. He was locked away for murder. afford to do something To bear the bad result of doing something. E.g. He cannot afford to miss another day at school. Deter Frighten, scare. E.g. The big wave deterred him from swimming. the other way around/round From the opposite direction. E.g. If you can t make it in this side of the wall, let s try it in the other way around.

Language points Part II make (little/no) sense Be meaningful and reasonable. E.g. What you said just now made no sense to me. illustrate Describe something with a picture. E.g. He illustrate his new idea by drawing a draft. be easy (on) Affording comfort or relief; soothing E.g. That soft light was easy on the eyes. make room for Spare some space for placing other stuff. E.g. I moved the couch to make room for my computer desk.

Language points Part II measure against Compare with something else for length E.g. I measured it against my hand because I forgot to take the ruler with me. worth doing something Be valuable to spend some effort on something. E.g. That bad guy does not worth being missed all day long. to extent In a certain scale or percent. E.g. I agree with you to some extent.

Language Points Part III work out Calculate to get the result E.g. to work out a sum. Bring the expected result E.g. Things will work themselves out. so + adj.+ as to do something E.g. The terms in the question are so well known as to require no explanation. e.g. An hour after he took the medicine, his toothache began to wear off.

Lesson 12 Confessions of a Miseducated Man Norman Cousins

About the author Norman Cousins (1915(?) 1990) was one of the founders of public television in the United States and a former chairman of the Pulitzer Prize jury in literature. For thirty- five years he was editor of the Saturday Review during which he wrote editorially on a wide range of topics relating to national and international issues. He was named Author of the Year by the Society of Authors and Journalists in 1980 and held honorary degrees in literature, science, and law from forty-nine colleges and universities.

About the author He carried out diplomatic missions abroad as personal emissary for Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson. Among the numerous awards he received are the United Nations Peace Medal, the American Peace Award, the Family of Man Award, the Eleanor Roosevelt Peace Award, the Personal Medallion of Pope John XXIII, and treatment to victims of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. This article is taken from Short Essays published by Heart Bruce, 1995.

Miseducated and uneducated An uneducated person has received no formal education from school while a miseducated person has received formal education but is educated in the wrong way. One more example is the contrast between uninformed and misinformed.

Background information: Sentences given by the author: ___ Norman Cousins, 1957 We in America have everything we need except the most important thing of all -- time to think and the habit of thought. Thought is the basic energy in human history. [From Human Options] --- Norman Cousins

Writing background: Today everybody agrees that the world if getting smaller and smaller. International community, world village, global integration, globalization, world market, etc. have become some of the most frequently used words in the English language. What kind of impact will all this have on us? What must we do to adapt ourselves to these changed conditions? This essay attempts to address this issue.

Main ideas: The author s central idea is that, to prepare ourselves for this new world, we must all be re-educated so that we will be able to understand that there are more similarities than differences among peoples. The differences are superficial and insignificant whereas the similarities are essential and fundamental. These similarities enable all of us to be equal members in this global village and to live happily with mutual respect.

Basic arguments: First, life is a rare occurrence and human existence even more so. Therefore we should have the greatest respect for all humanity; Second, however different peoples may be in little details, they are united in their humanness, in their basic human faculties and gifts; Third, they are also united in their needs, because today none of the most important problems we are faced with can be resolved without global cooperation. These views of course are not original. Many people have been thinking along the same line. Today, more and more people agree that in the long run, nobody can be completely happy unless everybody else is happy, and nobody will be completely free unless everybody else is free.

Writing style the author used very formal language to illustrate his point sentence patterns are very long, abstract and difficult to understand.

Broad questions: What do you think the fast developing world brings to us? What do you think are the main trends that affect us today? What do we have to process in order to survive the new age? What kind of education do you think is proper for college students especially English majors to receive?

Text Appreciation Question: How do you understand the word miseducated ? What s the difference between miseducated and uneducated ? Could you please show some other examples? (see note 2 on P312)

Language Points Note: V. a. notice; bear in mind Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 10 The pupil noted what the teacher said. b. Point out The newspaper does not note what happened next.

Language Points confession: Something confessed, especially disclosure of one's sins to a priest for absolution. In the nature of having the characteristics of sth. miseducate: To educate improperly Compare mis and un , more examples: misjudge, misleading, misguide, mistake, misinform, misspell, mispronounce, misprint, misinterpret, etc.

Question: Why do you think the author states that for which my education might be adequate, but the world today. He may suggest that as the world is developing, it s necessary for us to equip ourselves with the up-dated knowledge, which is essential for our survival.

Language Points comprehend: To take in the nature, or importance of; grasp. , e.g.: The judge said that it was difficult to comprehend why the police acted so in this matter.

Language Points adequate: a. enough An adequate water supply for city people is already a problem no government can take lightly. The supply is not adequate to the demand. b. qualified I hope you will prove adequate to the job. She was not adequate as the head of the school.

Question: why does the author say that Africa and Asia is the best place? Maybe it is because that Africa and Asia are land of wonders and vivid cultural traditions and customs.

Question: could you show us an example by using your knowledge on the point of how to recognize the things that make one place or one people different from another? From language, Skin color, eating habit, food, dressing style

Question: The author has mentioned three subjects, can you define them or what are they all about?

Language Points Instruct: to teach or educate: ~ sb. in sth. She instructs a class in history. She instructed me in the use of the telephone.

Language Points Respect: A particular aspect, feature, or detail: In many respects this is an important decision. I think you are wrong in every respect. In what respect do you think the film is biased? ? *in all respects (=in every respect) [ ] , in no respect : totally not ... in many/ some/several/few respects

Language Points Principal& principle (homonyms) a. Principal and principle are often confused but have no meanings in common. b. Principle is only a noun, and most of its senses refer to that which is basic or to rules and standards. c. Principal is both a noun and an adjective. As a noun (aside from its specialized meanings in law and finance) it generally denotes a person who holds a high position or plays an important role.

Question: What time was the author talking about here?

Language Points Readily: a. In a cooperative manner; willingly. , b. In a manner indicating or connoting ease; easily. , I can readily believe that she is lazy at home she is very lazy at school. "Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to changed conditions." " ,

Language Points Get through doing: to complete, to finish doing Compare notes: to exchange views or information about sth.. both have done or are interested in to see if they agree

Language Points Arena: a. The area in the center of an ancient Roman amphitheater where contests and other spectacles were held. b. A place or scene where forces contend or events unfold: , , . arena of politics/political arena , the literary arena withdrew from the political arena: the world as an arena of moral conflict:

Language Points refined: a. improved or changed b. Free of impurities; purified. ; refined salt

Language Points Propaganda: the action (or material)of promoting an idea in order to achieve certain interests, sometimes, this idea maybe cheating, misleading, exaggerating, and it reflect the interests of a certain interest group.. make propaganda for: promote some ideas by doing sth. ... set up a propaganda for: set up a organization in order to promote effectively ...

Assignments: Search for some information of globalization before the first class. Find the useful expressions and sentence structures from the passage

Documents

Unit 1 Half a Day NaguibMahfouz Half a Day Warm-up About the author education and background important works how he pictures the world Text appreciation