Unit 1 notes Part 1

Periodic table basic

Identify the parts on the periodic table•YOU must know how to identify what

the number mean on the periodic table

Properties of subatomic particles•YOU must be able to fill in this

diagram

Subatomic Particle

Mass Charge

Protons 1 amu +

Neutron 1 amu 0

Electron 0 -

Other important facts (Know these)

•All ATOMS are neutral in charge. ▫Hence protons = electrons

•Only protons and neutrons have mass▫Thurs protons + neutrons = mass number

•For now, round the atomic mass (bottom number) to nearest whole number▫Hence boron 10.811 round to 11.

Determining Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons of using a periodic table•YOU must be able to fill in a diagram

like this using a periodic table

Name of Element

Element Symbol

Mass Number

AtomicNumber Protons Neutrons Electrons

Boron B 11 5 5 6 5

Sodium Na 24 11 11 13 11

Gallium 31 37

Unit 1 notes Part 2

Periodic table basics part 2

The Parts of the Periodic Table

•You must know where metals, non-metals, and semi-metals are on the periodic table (figure 3.9 p. 70)

•You must be able to identify where the Akali metals, alkaline metals, transition metals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides are on a periodic table (figure 3.7 page 68)

•You must be able to identify groups I-VIIIA and groups 1-18 (figure 3.7 p. 68)

Diatomic Molecules

•You must be able to name the diatomic molecules (so important! You will see) Table 3.5 p. 74▫H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

• Definition of diatomic molecules: A molecule that can’t exist alone. Hence a brick of gold is made of many individual gold atoms while oxygen is made of two oxygen atoms chemically combined.

Unit 1 Part 3 NotesIons Formation

Review (quick)

•In an atom Atomic number = protons

•Protons = electrons•Mass number = protons+ neutrons

What are Ions?

•Metals lose electrons to become cations▫Cations are + (since electrons are

negative)•Non-metals gain electrons to become

anions▫Anion are – (since electrons are negative)

•Each group loses or gains the same amount of electrons as the rest of their family (next slide)

Chargers of groups

•Group 1 = +1•Group 2 = +2•Groups 3-12 = +2 or +3•Group 13 = +3•Group 14 = + or - 4•Group 15 = -3•Group 16 = -2•Group 17 = -1•Group 18 = 0

Things to note…

•Transition metals Still lose electrons to become cations Tend to form +2 or +3 cations

•Noble gases Do not form ions!

•Ion formation is reason behind chemical reactions!

Positive charges will attract negative charges

Chemistry Unit 1 Part 4Chemical Symbols

Chemical Symbols

•How many▫Protons:▫Electrons:▫Neutrons:

Chemical Symbols

•How many for each▫Protons:▫Electrons:▫Neutrons:

•These are called “Isotopes”▫Mass in an atom can change by adding or

losing neutrons

Chemical Symbols of Ions

•How many…▫Protons▫Electrons▫Neutrons

Write the chemical symbol

•30 protons, 39 neutrons, and 28 electrons.

Write the chemical symbol

•Write the complete chemical symbol for the ion with 31 protons, 39 neutrons, and 28 electrons.

Write the chemical symbol

•Write the complete chemical symbol for the ion with 73 protons, 108 neutrons, and 68 electrons.