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Unit 1 Section 4 Carbon Cycling and Earth’s Climate

http://www.nexus-wallpaper.com/wallpaper/nature/seasons-tree/

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34. Put the following in order (1,2,3,4) starting with what happened first.

__4__ oceans were created__2__ planet’s surface cooled and

solidified__1__ the rain of meteors and rock bodies

from space ended__3__ water vapor in the atmosphere

condensed and fell as rain

http://www.hardydrew.com/motion-graphics/9184-videohive-item-ocean-storm-150981.html#.UhQYF4zD8eE

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35.Match the following terms to correct phase that describes each.

Atmosphere water bodiesHydrosphere the solid part of the EarthLithosphere layer of gases around the Earth

http://gfl.usgs.gov/AtmosphericProcesses.shtml

4http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atmosphere-Biosphere-Hydrosphere-Lithosphere.png

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36.The Earth’s geochemical cycle is the flow of chemical substances between:

a. Atmosphere b. Hydrosphere c. lithosphere

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ocean_Beach,_Northland,_New_Zealand.jpg

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37. During the development of the Earth’s atmosphere, the temperatures remained within a moderate range because the carbon cycle includes a natural sink - a process that removes excess carbon from the atmosphere.

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38. The carbon cycle has 4 basic stages. Describe each stage.

1. rainfall scrubs CO2 out of the air, producing carbonic acid (H2CO3), a weak acid.

2. this solution reacts on contact with silicate rocks to release calcium and other cations and leave behind carbonate and bicarbonate ions dissolved in the water. 3. This solution is washed into the oceans by rivers, and then

calcium carbonate (CaCO3), also known as limestone, is precipitated in sediments. Over long time scales, oceanic crust containing limestone sediments is forced downward into Earth's mantle.

4. Eventually, the limestone heats up and turns the limestone back into CO2, which travels back up to the surface with magma. Volcanic activity then returns CO2 to the atmosphere.

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39. A balance between _______________________________________________ and ____________________________________________ has kept the Earth’s climate stable through most of its history.

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40. Why is Venus a runaway greenhouse while the Earth has fluctuated but has adjusted?

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