Reading SkillsReading Skills

New wNew words and Expressionsords and Expressions

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Reading Skills

Exercises

Finding out Word Meanings

• Most Experienced readers try to guess or make out the meaning of unfamiliar words through context clues. In order to make meaning clear, good writers often provide or give such clues for readers. It is a good idea to learn the different kinds of clues you might come across in your reading.

Finding out Word Meanings

Reading Skills

A.By using punctuation

B. By helping wordsFor example: that is, meaning, such For example: that is, meaning, such as, or, likewise...as, or, likewise...

1. By definitionBy definition

The harboris protected by a jettyjetty—a wall built out into the water.

Jane is indecisiveindecisive, that is, she can’t make up her mind.

2. By the opposite of the 2. By the opposite of the wordword

3. By your own experience3. By your own experience

Finding out Word Meanings

Reading Skills

Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticentreticent all the time.

Most of us agreed, but Bill dissenteddissented.

The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintellintel..

4. By sentences before o4. By sentences before or after the sentencer after the sentence

5. By examples5. By examples

Finding out Word Meanings

Reading Skills

I am a resoluteresolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won’t give it up easily.

He had a wanwan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.

Select any of these periodicalsperiodicals: Times, Newsweek or Reader’s Digest.

6. By word part clues— 6. By word part clues— stems and affixesstems and affixes

A.Compound Words

B.Prefixes and Suffixes

Finding out Word Meanings

Reading Skills

landmark = land+mark

motorcycle = motor+cycle

Prefixes:mis-, in-, im-, il-, ir-,re-, un-, dis-, etc.Suffixes:-ful, -less, -able, etc.

Reading Skills

1. Many different people find that the online method 1. Many different people find that the online method requires them to use their experiences and that online requires them to use their experiences and that online learning offers them a place to communicate with learning offers them a place to communicate with each other. This each other. This forumforum for communication removes for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students in the visual barriers that hinder some students in expressing themselves.expressing themselves.

A. the online method A. the online method

B. a place for online learningB. a place for online learning

C. a place to exchange opinionsC. a place to exchange opinions

D. the experience for online learningD. the experience for online learning

1. Many different people find that the online method 1. Many different people find that the online method requires them to use their experiences and that online requires them to use their experiences and that online learning offers them a place to communicate with learning offers them a place to communicate with each other. This each other. This forumforum for communication removes for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students in the visual barriers that hinder some students in expressing themselves.expressing themselves.

A. the online method A. the online method

B. a place for online learningB. a place for online learning

C. a place to exchange opinionsC. a place to exchange opinions

D. the experience for online learningD. the experience for online learning

Reading Skills

2.2. This forum for communication This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that removes the visual barriers that hinderhinder some students in expressing some students in expressing themselves.themselves.

A. hide B. preventA. hide B. prevent

C. help D. advanceC. help D. advance

2.2. This forum for communication This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that removes the visual barriers that hinderhinder some students in expressing some students in expressing themselves.themselves.

A. hide B. preventA. hide B. prevent

C. help D. advanceC. help D. advance

Reading Skills

3.3. Remember that instructors cannot see their Remember that instructors cannot see their students in an online course. This means students students in an online course. This means students must be absolutely must be absolutely explicitexplicit with their comments and with their comments and requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or problems in understanding something about the problems in understanding something about the course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no way anyone can know something is wrong.way anyone can know something is wrong.

A. necessary B. carefulA. necessary B. careful

C. attentive D. clearC. attentive D. clear

3.3. Remember that instructors cannot see their Remember that instructors cannot see their students in an online course. This means students students in an online course. This means students must be absolutely must be absolutely explicitexplicit with their comments and with their comments and requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or requests. If they experience technical difficulties, or problems in understanding something about the problems in understanding something about the course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no course, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no way anyone can know something is wrong.way anyone can know something is wrong.

A. necessary B. carefulA. necessary B. careful

C. attentive D. clearC. attentive D. clear

Reading Skills

4.4. Online courses require students to make Online courses require students to make decisions based on facts as well as experience. It decisions based on facts as well as experience. It is absolutely necessary for students to is absolutely necessary for students to assimilateassimilate information and make the right decisions based information and make the right decisions based on critical thinking.on critical thinking.

A. take in A. take in

B. take downB. take down

C. put into different class C. put into different class

D. make an analysis ofD. make an analysis of

4.4. Online courses require students to make Online courses require students to make decisions based on facts as well as experience. It decisions based on facts as well as experience. It is absolutely necessary for students to is absolutely necessary for students to assimilateassimilate information and make the right decisions based information and make the right decisions based on critical thinking.on critical thinking.

A. take in A. take in

B. take downB. take down

C. put into different class C. put into different class

D. make an analysis ofD. make an analysis of

Reading Skills

5. Just as many excellent instructors 5. Just as many excellent instructors may not be effective online may not be effective online facilitatorsfacilitators, , not all students have the necessary not all students have the necessary qualities to perform well online. qualities to perform well online.

A. teachers B. learning assistantsA. teachers B. learning assistants

C. inspectors D. course designersC. inspectors D. course designers

5. Just as many excellent instructors 5. Just as many excellent instructors may not be effective online may not be effective online facilitatorsfacilitators, , not all students have the necessary not all students have the necessary qualities to perform well online. qualities to perform well online.

A. teachers B. learning assistantsA. teachers B. learning assistants

C. inspectors D. course designersC. inspectors D. course designers

New Words

Expressions

community

The international community condemned the attack on civilians. The main habitants of our community are all kinds of minorities.

n. a group of people living together and / or united by shared interests

the black community   黑人社区

the academic community   学术界

expand

make or become larger

unfold or spread out v.

Metals expand when they are heated.A tyre expands when you pump air into it.To learn English well, one must expand his or

her vocabulary.

expand in/into

The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a larger volume.The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine.

expansion

expansion of the currency 通货膨胀 expansion of territory 领土的扩张the expansion of gases when heated 气体受热膨胀

n. expanding or being expanded

expansive

able, tending, to expand

(of persons, speech)unreserved, effusive

a.

unique

The town is very unique in its beautiful and quiet environment.The student’s composition is full of unique expressions.  

a. unusual ; being the only one of itself 

unique ideas unique environment

unique scenery

reflect

The sunlight was reflected from the water.Does the literature of a nation reflect its politics?

(of a surface)throw back (light, heat, sound); (of a mirror) send back an image of

express; show the nature of

v.

reflect in/into consider; think on

I must reflect upon what answer to give/ how to answer that question.

reflection

the reflection of heatsee one’s reflection in a mirror lost in reflectionthe reflection of trees in a lake

[U] reflecting or being reflected

[C] sth reflected, esp an image

reflected in a mirror or in still water

[U] thought; (re)consideration

[C] expression of a thought in speech or writing; idea arising in the mind

n.

do sth without sufficient reflectionreflections on the pleasure of being idle

对闲散生活之乐趣的看法

critical

She looks on everything with a critical eye.We are at a critical time in our history.The patient’s condition is critical.

of or at a crisis

of the work of a critic

fault-finding

a.

critical opinions on

art and literature

critical remarks

吹毛求疵的评论

It was critical that the teacher (should) not punish the students who gave incorrect answers. 关键的是那位老师不应该惩罚回答错误的学生。It is critical that you (should) keep up with the progress of an online course.跟上网络课程的进度十分重要。

Note: in the that- clause of “it is/was critical that…” pattern, we should either use “should + bare infinitive” or simply use bare infinitive.

Similar Patterns ：It is necessary/essential/imperative/proper/best/crucial/important/vital/urgent/natural/incredible/advisable that+ (should) + bare infinitive…

1. It is vital that some immediate actions _____.a. must be taken b. will be taken c. be taken2. It’s necessary that _____ the dictionary in time.a. he returned b. he return c. he returns

Make your choice:

arise vi. appear; come into being

The phenomenon arose as prices soared.

(appear)As prices rose, the retirees’ lives were greatly affected. (go up)As prices were raised, the retirees’ lives were greatly affected. (lift)The rocketing prices aroused the retirees’ concerns. (catch)

Cf.

explicit

He gave an explicit description of how the accident happened.He gave an implicit warning in his epeech. The agreement is explicit in saying the rent must be paid by the tenth of every month.

a. clear and fully expressed

implicit a. implied though not plainly

expressed

become/be aware/unaware of

I’m quite aware of how you feel about this problem.The tomb-robbers were aware of their fate. He was so deep in his reading that he wasn’t aware of his father had entered.They are unaware of the truth.

have (no) knowledge or understanding of

allow for

You should allow for the weather when you plan for an outing.In working with silk, the tailor must allow for shrinkage.Students’ financial situation allows for no unnecessary expenditures.

take into consideration

communityexpandawareuniquefollowingidealvisualbarrier additionreflect environmentcriticalability

perspectivepeerinstructinstructorariseabsoluteabsolutelyunderstandingreinforcerequirementlikelycommitinput

essentialchallengenormallysequencesequential vital effectiveplay a role into be aware ofin additionreflect on allow for

Text Structure

Language Points

STRUCTURE

Part I

Part II

Part III

Introduction (Para. 1)Online students require unique qualities to be successful.

Main Body (Paras.2-15)Seven keys to successful Online learning

Conclusion (Para. 16) If you have these qualities, online

learning may be one of the best discoveries you will ever make.

1. While regular schools still exist, the virtual classroom plays an important role in today’s learning community.

Meaning: Though there are regular schools, thevirtual classroom has a very importantposition in today’s education.

While I was listening to the radio, other roommates were playing computer games.

English is understood all over the world while Turkish is spoken by only a small number of people.

While she is a pleasant girl, she can be very difficult to work with.

与…… 同时

用来表示对比或相反的情况

=although 尽管

Decide the meaning of “while” :

Meaning:

As a platform for communication, the online

method doesn’t require people to see each other.

So some students won’t feel it difficult to express

their ideas.

2. This forum for communication removes the visual barriers that hinder some students from expressing themselves.

Meaning:

What is more, students are given time to think

about the information carefully before replying.

3. In addition, students are given time to reflect on the information before replying.

Meaning: In the online classroom, people communicate with each other by writing, so it is very important that students do feel at ease in writing to express their opinions.

4. In the virtual classroom nearly all communication is written, so it is critical that students feel comfortable expressing themselves in writing.

Achieving success in this job is no less challenging than my previous one.

这项工作的成功不比我以前的工作缺少挑战性。

5. Requirements for online courses are not less than those of any quality program. no 和 less, without 等否定形式构成双重否定，加强语气。

No one can be here more than a few hours without sensing an enormous optimism.

任何人在这里只要呆上几个小时都 会感觉到一种强烈的乐观主义精神。

Meaning: It is very necessary for students to understand

and take in information. Besides, students

should examine and judge information carefully

and then make the right decisions.

6. It is absolutely necessary for students to assimilate information and make the right decisions based on critical thinking.

1.1. In the wife’s eyes, his _____ to their In the wife’s eyes, his _____ to their

marriage life is far from perfect.marriage life is far from perfect.

A) requirement B) commitmentA) requirement B) commitment

C) participation D) reflectionC) participation D) reflection

2. It is best to _____ wear through friction in2. It is best to _____ wear through friction in

designing the parts of every machine.designing the parts of every machine.

A) have insight into B) come up withA) have insight into B) come up with

C) allow for D) reflect onC) allow for D) reflect on

3. Good habits of living have proved to be of3. Good habits of living have proved to be of

much _____ to our health. much _____ to our health.

A) barrier B) benefitA) barrier B) benefit

C) immunity D) commitmentC) immunity D) commitment

4. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother 4. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother

to _____ the skills they need to succeed. to _____ the skills they need to succeed.

A) require B) inquireA) require B) inquire

C) acquire D) enquireC) acquire D) enquire

5. As a result of his hard work, he has gained 5. As a result of his hard work, he has gained

______ to the Beijing University.______ to the Beijing University.

A) access B) commitmentA) access B) commitment

C) opportunity D) rewardC) opportunity D) reward

6. With the supplies of nurses below _____, 6. With the supplies of nurses below _____,

the local government decided to recruit the local government decided to recruit

(( 招募招募 ) volunteers.) volunteers.

A) acquirements B) assignmentsA) acquirements B) assignments

C) commitment D) requirementsC) commitment D) requirements

7. Only when one is ______ of one’s getting7. Only when one is ______ of one’s getting

behind is one more likely to catch up. behind is one more likely to catch up.

A) critical B) awareA) critical B) aware

C) visual D) effectiveC) visual D) effective

9. As an ideal _____ to the spread of SARS,9. As an ideal _____ to the spread of SARS,

this medicine is now in great demand.this medicine is now in great demand.

A) barrier B) commitmentA) barrier B) commitment

C) challenge D) accessC) challenge D) access

8. It is better for you to be _____ about its 8. It is better for you to be _____ about its

consequences before you take any action.consequences before you take any action.

A) positive B) absoluteA) positive B) absolute

C) critical D) favoriteC) critical D) favorite

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10. When her business goes wrong, she 10. When her business goes wrong, she

tends to _____ for advice.tends to _____ for advice.

A) get access to B) come acrossA) get access to B) come across

C) reach out D) speak upC) reach out D) speak up

SingSing

Believe it or not, you can benefit a lot Believe it or not, you can benefit a lot from singing or listening to English from singing or listening to English songs, which can help you better songs, which can help you better your pronunciation and intonation, your pronunciation and intonation, develop language sense, pick up new develop language sense, pick up new expressions, etc. Besides, learning expressions, etc. Besides, learning by singing is more entertaining, by singing is more entertaining, interesting and effective. Why notinteresting and effective. Why notsing along?sing along?

Sing, sing a song,Sing out loud, sing out strong.Sing of good things, not bad,Sing of happy, not sad. 

Sing, sing a song,Make it simple to last your whole life long.Don’t worry that it’s not good enough for anyone else to hear.Just sing, sing a song. 

Sing, sing a song,Let the world sing along.Sing of love that would be,Sing for you and for me. 

Sing, sing a song,Make it simple to last your whole life

long.Don’t worry that it’s not good enough for anyone else to hear,Just sing, sing a song.

Thank You