Unit 1 Study Guide Answers1. What is the difference between

basic research & applied research? basic: research to expand our knowledge applied: use existing research to help

others (do not conduct their own research)

2. What are the 4 major goals of psychologists? to describe, explain, predict, and

influence behaviors & mental processes

Unit 1 Study Guide Answers 3. What is behavior genetics? What traits

are more likely to be similar in twins? What do adopted children share more with their biological parents? With their adoptive parents? behavior genetics: examine the role of genes

in your behavior Twins: intelligence & emotional stability biological parents: personality traits adoptive parents: intelligence

Unit 1 Study Guide Answers 4. What are some things that can go wrong

in experiments (overconfidence, confirmation bias, participant bias, hindsight bias)? overconfidence: being more sure of yourself or

your results than you should be confirmation bias: looking for results that will

agree with your hypothesis participant bias: research subjects acting how

they think you want them to act hindsight bias: believing you know the results

all along

Unit 1 Study Guide Answers5. What is the difference between

the 3 different types of research (descriptive, correlation, & experimental)? descriptive: describing only what you

see correlational: looking for a relationship

between 2 variables experimental: manipulating a variable

and analyzing the results

Unit 1 Study Guide Answers 6. What did the Great Chocolate

Experiment teach us about sampling (i.e. what was wrong with it)? sampling error: sample sizes can be too small to

yield accurate results 7. Identify the hypothesis, independent

variable, & dependent variable of an experiment (define them here). hypothesis: theory about what will happen independent variable: factor you will manipulate dependent variable: factor you will measure

Unit 1 Study Guide Answers8. Be able to calculate the mean,

median, & mode of a set of data (define them here). mean: average median: middle number (data must be in

numerical order first) mode: number that occurs the most

Unit 1 Study Guide Answers Structuralism: Theory that conscious

experience could be understood by analyzing the basic elements of thoughts and sensations.

Functionalism: Studies consciousness in a way that might help us adapt to our environment.

Gestalt psychology: Psychological perspective that emphasizes our need to integrate pieces into meaningful wholes.

Psychoanalysis: Theory that our thoughts and actions can be attributed to unconscious motives, actions, and past experiences.

Unit 1 Study Guide AnswersBehaviorism: Theory that psychology

should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes.

Social-cultural: Studies how thinking and behaviors change in groups.

Cognitive: Theory that focuses on how people think – take in, process store, and retrieve information.

Biological: Focuses on physical structures and substances underlying our behaviors and emotions.

Unit 1 Study Guide Answers3. social-cultural: We behave that

way bc that’s how we responds in groups or our society/culture values those behaviors

Psychoanalysis: something in our unconscious or childhood experience motivated us to act that way

Behavioral: we learned the behavior from watching others

Cognitive: we took in & processed the information & thought that we should do that