Unit 11 How to Be True to Yourself. Contents Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Background information Background information

Unit 11Unit 11How to Be True to YourselfHow to Be True to Yourself

ContentsContents

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions Background informationBackground information Structure analysisStructure analysis Comprehension questionsComprehension questions Language points of Text ILanguage points of Text I Grammatical itemsGrammatical items ExercisesExercises Comprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text II Oral activitiesOral activities Writing practiceWriting practice

Text I How to Be True to YourselfText I How to Be True to Yourself

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions

1.Have you learned any mottoes from your parents or grandparents?2. What are they if you have?3. Do you know any mottoes?

Background information (1)Background information (1)

谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后 .---.--- 毛泽东毛泽东谦固美名，过谦者，宜防其诈谦固美名，过谦者，宜防其诈 . ---. --- 朱熹朱熹不傲才以骄人，不以宠而作威不傲才以骄人，不以宠而作威 .---.--- 诸葛亮诸葛亮尺有所短；寸有所长。物有所不足；智有所尺有所短；寸有所长。物有所不足；智有所

不明不明 .---.--- 屈原屈原


Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is a will, there is a way.Thomas Edison, American inventor Thomas Edison, American inventor

有志者，事竟成。有志者，事竟成。美国发明家爱迪生美国发明家爱迪生 .T. .T.

Genius only means hard-working all one's life.Genius only means hard-working all one's life.Mendeleyev, Russian chemistMendeleyev, Russian chemist天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。天才只意味着终身不懈地努力。俄国化学家门捷列耶夫俄国化学家门捷列耶夫


There is but one step from the sublime to the ridiThere is but one step from the sublime to the ridiculous.culous. 　　

崇高与荒谬仅一步之遥。——崇高与荒谬仅一步之遥。—— NapoleonNapoleon Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep.Smooth runs the water where the brook is deep.

静水流深。——静水流深。—— ShakespeareShakespeare


All the splendor in the world is not worth a good All the splendor in the world is not worth a good friend.friend.Voltaire, French thinker Voltaire, French thinker 人世间所有的荣华富人世间所有的荣华富贵不如一个好朋友。贵不如一个好朋友。法国思想家伏尔泰法国思想家伏尔泰

Economy is in itself a source of great revenue.Economy is in itself a source of great revenue.Lucius Annaeus Seneca, Ancient Roman PhilosoLucius Annaeus Seneca, Ancient Roman Philosopher pher 节约本身就是最大的收入节约本身就是最大的收入 ..罗马哲学家西尼加，罗马哲学家西尼加， L.A.L.A.


Quotations of Denis WaileyQuotations of Denis Wailey

A life lived with integrity - even if it lacks the trA life lived with integrity - even if it lacks the trappings of fame and fortune is a shinning star in appings of fame and fortune is a shinning star in whose light others may follow in the years to cowhose light others may follow in the years to come.me.

Life is the movie you see through your own eyeLife is the movie you see through your own eyes. It makes little difference what's happening out s. It makes little difference what's happening out there. It's how you take it that counts.there. It's how you take it that counts.

Structure analysis of the text (1)Structure analysis of the text (1)

Integrity is the real bottom line in every area of Integrity is the real bottom line in every area of society. Self-respect and a clear conscience are society. Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with basis for enriching your relationships with others. Therefore, integrity is something we others. Therefore, integrity is something we must demand of ourselves.must demand of ourselves.

Structure analysis of the text (2)Structure analysis of the text (2) The three key principles of the Integrity Triad The three key principles of the Integrity Triad

are as follows:are as follows: (1) Stand firmly for your convictions in the face (1) Stand firmly for your convictions in the face

of personal pressure. When you are right, you of personal pressure. When you are right, you can’t back down.can’t back down.

(2) Always give others credit that is rightfully (2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don’t be afraid of those who might have a theirs. Don’t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or might even be smarter than you better idea or might even be smarter than you are.are.

Structure analysis of the text (3)Structure analysis of the text (3)

(3) Be honest and open about what you really are. (3) Be honest and open about what you really are. Face reality and be adult in your responses to lifFace reality and be adult in your responses to life’s challenges.e’s challenges.

And the writer explains the principles by examplAnd the writer explains the principles by examples and persuasion.es and persuasion.

Comprehension questions (1)Comprehension questions (1)

What are the three key principles of the Integrity What are the three key principles of the Integrity Triad?Triad?

Refer to paragraphs 4, 9, and 12. They are, first, Refer to paragraphs 4, 9, and 12. They are, first, to stand firmly for your convictions in the face to stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure; second, always to give of personal pressure; second, always to give others credit that is rightfully theirs; and third, to others credit that is rightfully theirs; and third, to be honest and open about what you really are. be honest and open about what you really are.


What does the author conclude from the What does the author conclude from the example of a surgical operation?example of a surgical operation?

Refer to Paragraph 8. The author concludes that Refer to Paragraph 8. The author concludes that you can’t give in when you know you are right.you can’t give in when you know you are right.


What can we conclude from the example of the fWhat can we conclude from the example of the firm Ogilvy and Mather?irm Ogilvy and Mather?

Refer to Paragraph 9. This example shows that yRefer to Paragraph 9. This example shows that you should appreciate and accept those who are sou should appreciate and accept those who are smarter and brighter than you are.marter and brighter than you are.


What do people who lack genuine core value What do people who lack genuine core value usually do? Why?usually do? Why?

Refer to Paragraph 12. They usually rely on Refer to Paragraph 12. They usually rely on their external factors. They do so because they their external factors. They do so because they feel good about their looks or status while feel good about their looks or status while neglecting to develop their inner value and neglecting to develop their inner value and personal growth.personal growth.


What two factors must be taken into account What two factors must be taken into account when it comes to indicate the important when it comes to indicate the important components of integrity and the basis for components of integrity and the basis for enriching your relationships with others?enriching your relationships with others?

Refer to Paragraph 14. They are self-respect and Refer to Paragraph 14. They are self-respect and a clear conscience.a clear conscience.


What does a life of principle signify according What does a life of principle signify according to the author’s grandparents?to the author’s grandparents?

Refer to the last paragraph. It will always win Refer to the last paragraph. It will always win the day without succumbing to the seductive the day without succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, and will take you sirens of an easy morality, and will take you forward into the 21st century without having to forward into the 21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror.check your tracks in a rearview mirror.

Language points of Text I (1)Language points of Text I (1)

motto : a short sentence or a few words taken as motto : a short sentence or a few words taken as the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of an organization, etc.an organization, etc.

"Waste not, want not" was my mother'"Waste not, want not" was my mother's motto.s motto. The The motto of motto of the university is " Freedom of the university is " Freedom of

thought and coexistence of different doctrines.thought and coexistence of different doctrines.


hanghang (1) fix sth. at the top so that the lower part is free (1) fix sth. at the top so that the lower part is free HH

angang your coat (up) on the hook. They your coat (up) on the hook. They hunghung several several oil paintings in their sitting room.oil paintings in their sitting room.

(2) cause to die, esp. as punishment for a crime by (2) cause to die, esp. as punishment for a crime by dropping with a rope around the criminal's neckdropping with a rope around the criminal's neck

The murderer was sentenced to be The murderer was sentenced to be hanged. hanged. He He hanhangedged himself in a fit of himself in a fit of


demonstratedemonstrate (1) prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning (1) prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning

or providing examplesor providing examples Galileo Galileo demonstrateddemonstrated that objects of different that objects of different

weights fall at the same speed.weights fall at the same speed. (2) show or describe clearly(2) show or describe clearly The first-aid instructor The first-aid instructor demonstrateddemonstrated the correct the correct

way to bandage a wound.way to bandage a wound.


instinctively : in a way resulting from instinct, instinctively : in a way resulting from instinct, without having to think about itwithout having to think about it

Instinctively,Instinctively, I knew that she was ill. He ducked I knew that she was ill. He ducked iinstinctivelynstinctively as the bullet whistled past his head. as the bullet whistled past his head.


integrity integrity (1) strength and firmness of character or principl(1) strength and firmness of character or principl

e; honesty or trustworthiness He is respected and e; honesty or trustworthiness He is respected and admired as a man of the greatest admired as a man of the greatest integrity.integrity.

(2) a state of being whole and undivided; comple(2) a state of being whole and undivided; completenessteness

Our Our integrityintegrity as a nation is threatened by the sep as a nation is threatened by the separatist forces at home and foreign inter vention.aratist forces at home and foreign inter vention.


morality: rightness or honesty of behavior, of an morality: rightness or honesty of behavior, of an action, etc. One sometimes wonders if there is action, etc. One sometimes wonders if there is any any moralitymorality in politics. Many people have in politics. Many people have questioned the questioned the morality ofmorality of that politician's that politician's actions.actions.


.... ethics that does not sell out to expediency ... .... ethics that does not sell out to expediency ... ethics that one does not betray for the purpose of ethics that one does not betray for the purpose of gaining advantages or personal benefits ...gaining advantages or personal benefits ...

Ethics:Ethics: (1) the science that deals with morals(1) the science that deals with morals He decided to study He decided to study ethicsethics as his second major. as his second major. (2) moral rules or principles of behavior governing (2) moral rules or principles of behavior governing

a person or groupa person or group Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or

not should be a question of not should be a question of ethics, ethics, not of politics. not of politics.


sell outsell out (1) sell all of what was for sale(1) sell all of what was for sale All the tickets for the match were completely All the tickets for the match were completely

sold out.sold out. (2) be disloyal or unfaithful to one's principles or (2) be disloyal or unfaithful to one's principles or

friends, esp. for moneyfriends, esp. for money He was a good writer, but he He was a good writer, but he sold outsold out and now and now

just writes for money.just writes for money.


expediency also spelt expediency also spelt expedience;expedience; being useful or being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. one's own purpose or helpful for a purpose, esp. one's own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally advantage, although not necessarily morally correctcorrect

The government will not condemn its allies for The government will not condemn its allies for torturing prisoners. It is a question of torturing prisoners. It is a question of ex pediency.ex pediency.

His behavior seems to be governed solely by His behavior seems to be governed solely by expedience.expedience.


inner:inner: (1) on the inside or close to the middle(1) on the inside or close to the middle The The innerinner wrapping of the commodity is also plea wrapping of the commodity is also plea

sant to look at.sant to look at. (2) close to the centre of control(2) close to the centre of control The Prime Minister often turns to the The Prime Minister often turns to the innerinner circle circle

of the Cabinet for advice.of the Cabinet for advice. (3) of the mind or spirit(3) of the mind or spirit His material life is very good, but his His material life is very good, but his innerinner life is life is

very poor.very poor.


scarce: not much or many compared with what scarce: not much or many compared with what is wanted; hard to findis wanted; hard to find

Good fruit is Good fruit is scarcescarce in winter and very in winter and very expensive.expensive.

There is a large variety of commodities on the There is a large variety of commodities on the market. Nothing is market. Nothing is scarce.scarce.

Language points of Text I (12)Language points of Text I (12) the bottom linethe bottom line (1) the amount of money shown as profit or loss at (1) the amount of money shown as profit or loss at

the bottom of a set of accountsthe bottom of a set of accounts You have invested millions of dollars in the business You have invested millions of dollars in the business

and you come out with nothing on and you come out with nothing on the bottom line.the bottom line. (2) the basic content, meaning, or situation(2) the basic content, meaning, or situation The bottom lineThe bottom line in the debate is the increasing in the debate is the increasing

number of motorcycle accidents and fatalities.number of motorcycle accidents and fatalities. (3) outcome; the most important result in the end(3) outcome; the most important result in the end If we make all the changes I am proposing, If we make all the changes I am proposing, the the

bottom linebottom line is that the company will save $50000. is that the company will save $50000.


demand demand (1) ask firmly and not be willing to accept a (1) ask firmly and not be willing to accept a

refusal; to claim as if by right The opponent has refusal; to claim as if by right The opponent has demandeddemanded that all the facts be made public. that all the facts be made public.

(2) need or require in order to be successful(2) need or require in order to be successful Work of this nature Work of this nature demandsdemands personal sacrifices personal sacrifices

of those who embark on it.of those who embark on it.


the Integrity Triad: This is used by the writer as the Integrity Triad: This is used by the writer as a good standard for testing one's integrity. a good standard for testing one's integrity. According to the writer, the Integrity Triad According to the writer, the Integrity Triad consists of three key principles, which are made consists of three key principles, which are made known in the text. known in the text.

triad : a group of three closely related people or triad : a group of three closely related people or thingsthings


consist of : be made up of; be composed ofconsist of : be made up of; be composed of The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists ofconsists of England, England,

Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United States United States consists ofconsists of as many as fifty states. as many as fifty states.


principle:principle: (1) a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for (1) a truth or belief that is accepted as a base for

reasoning or actionreasoning or action One of the One of the principles ofprinciples of this dictionary is that this dictionary is that

definitions should be in simple language. They definitions should be in simple language. They agreed to the plan in agreed to the plan in principle.principle.

(2) a moral rule or set of ideas which guides (2) a moral rule or set of ideas which guides one's behaviorone's behavior

I usually follow the I usually follow the principleprinciple that it is better not that it is better not to get involved in other people's quarrels.to get involved in other people's quarrels.


stand for:stand for: (1) be a sign or short form of; represent; mean(1) be a sign or short form of; represent; mean Our Party Our Party stands forstands for the interests of the broad masses the interests of the broad masses

of the people. of the people. WTO WTO stands forstands for World Trade Organization. World Trade Organization. (2) (in questions and negatives) allow to continue; (2) (in questions and negatives) allow to continue;

accept without complaining I wouldn't accept without complaining I wouldn't stand forstand for that that sort of treatment if I were you.sort of treatment if I were you.

(3) have as a set of aims or principles; support(3) have as a set of aims or principles; support Even today those people still Even today those people still stand forstand for serfdom in serfdom in

Tibet. Tibet.


conviction : a very firm and sincere beliefconviction : a very firm and sincere belief She is a woman of strong She is a woman of strong convictions.convictions. She has a firm She has a firm convictionconviction that she is always that she is always

right.right.


in the face of : in spite of; againstin the face of : in spite of; against In the face ofIn the face of difficulties and hardships, she difficulties and hardships, she

managed to keep her sense of humor. managed to keep her sense of humor. In the face ofIn the face of death, he remained calm and cool, death, he remained calm and cool,

showing no sign of fear.showing no sign of fear.


pressure:pressure: (1) the strength of putting force or weight onto st(1) the strength of putting force or weight onto st

h. Low atmospheric h. Low atmospheric pressurepressure often brings rain. often brings rain. (2) forceful influence; strong persuasion(2) forceful influence; strong persuasion He only agreed to do it under He only agreed to do it under pressurepressure from his from his

parents.parents. (3) conditions in one's work, one's style of living,(3) conditions in one's work, one's style of living,

etc. that cause anxiety and difficulty He works b etc. that cause anxiety and difficulty He works best under est under pressure.pressure.


surgical: of or used for surgerysurgical: of or used for surgery That surgeon is skilful in using his That surgeon is skilful in using his surgicalsurgical

scalpel when he operates on patients.scalpel when he operates on patients.


responsible for: having the duty of looking after responsible for: having the duty of looking after sb. or sth., so that one can be blamed if things go sb. or sth., so that one can be blamed if things go wrongwrong

The surgical nurse is highly The surgical nurse is highly responsible forresponsible for her her work. The teacher made me work. The teacher made me responsible forresponsible for keep keeping the class in order while she was away.ing the class in order while she was away.


ensure : ensure : (AmE(AmE insure) make sth. certain to happe insure) make sth. certain to happenn

There is a change in the law that There is a change in the law that ensuresensures fair trea fair treatment for people of all races. tment for people of all races.

Take a taxi if you want to Take a taxi if you want to ensureensure that you catch t that you catch the plane.he plane.


account for:account for: (1) give or be a satisfactory explanation for(1) give or be a satisfactory explanation for How do you How do you account/oraccount/or losing five games in a losing five games in a

row?row? (2) be the cause or origin of(2) be the cause or origin of North Sea oil North Sea oil accounts foraccounts for a high proportion of a high proportion of

our export earnings. There is no our export earnings. There is no accounting foraccounting for tastes.tastes.


abdominal : of a main part of the front of the abdominal : of a main part of the front of the body in animals, between the chest and legs, body in animals, between the chest and legs, containing the stomach, bowels, etc.; of the bellycontaining the stomach, bowels, etc.; of the belly

That middle-aged man received an That middle-aged man received an abdominalabdominal operation, which lasted two hours.operation, which lasted two hours.

He went to play basketball soon after lunch and He went to play basketball soon after lunch and began to suffer sharp began to suffer sharp abdominalabdominal pains while pains while playing the match.playing the match.


surgeon: a doctor whose job is to perform surgeon: a doctor whose job is to perform medical operationsmedical operations

The skillful The skillful surgeonsurgeon operated on the patient who operated on the patient who suffered from appendicitis.suffered from appendicitis.

Highly skilled Highly skilled surgeonssurgeons enjoy a high social enjoy a high social position and have a handsome income.position and have a handsome income.


sponge :sponge : (1) a type of simple sea creature that does not (1) a type of simple sea creature that does not

move but grows a spreading rubber-like frame full move but grows a spreading rubber-like frame full of small holes of small holes SpongesSponges can grow up to a very can grow up to a very considerable size.considerable size.

(2) a piece of a sponge, or of a similar artificial (2) a piece of a sponge, or of a similar artificial substance made from rubber, which can suck up substance made from rubber, which can suck up and hold water and is usually used for washing and hold water and is usually used for washing We have a mop made of We have a mop made of sponge,sponge, which soaks up which soaks up much water.much water.


declare declare (1) make known publicly or officially, according (1) make known publicly or officially, according

to rules, custom, etc.to rules, custom, etc. Britain Britain declareddeclared war on Germany in 1914. John war on Germany in 1914. John

was was declareddeclared the winner of the match. the winner of the match. (2) state or show with great force so that there is (2) state or show with great force so that there is

no doubt about the meaning She no doubt about the meaning She declareddeclared that that she knew nothing about the robbery. she knew nothing about the robbery.

He He declareddeclared his total opposition to the plan. his total opposition to the plan.

Language points of Text I (29)Language points of Text I (29) close :close : (1) (cause to) shut(1) (cause to) shut The door The door closedclosed behind me as I went out. behind me as I went out. CloseClose

your eyes and go to sleep.your eyes and go to sleep. (2) (cause to) stop being open to the public (2) (cause to) stop being open to the public What time does the bank What time does the bank close?close? The shop The shop close aclose a for lunch. for lunch. (3) ( cause to) stop operating or providing services, (3) ( cause to) stop operating or providing services,

esp. without the intention of starting againesp. without the intention of starting again


object:object: (1) be against sth. or sb.; feel or show opposition (1) be against sth. or sb.; feel or show opposition

or disapproval I'd like to open the window if no or disapproval I'd like to open the window if no one one objects. objects. I strongly I strongly objectobject to being treated lik to being treated like a child.e a child.

(2) give as an argument against sth.(2) give as an argument against sth. I wanted to climb the hill, but Bill I wanted to climb the hill, but Bill objectedobjected that that

he was too tired. he was too tired. Some people Some people objectedobjected that the new tax law was that the new tax law was

unfair.unfair.


rookie: sb. who is new to and has no experience rookie: sb. who is new to and has no experience of an activity, esp. a new soldier or policemanof an activity, esp. a new soldier or policeman

He is a police He is a police rookie.rookie. He joined the police only l He joined the police only last year.ast year.

She is a She is a rookierookie nurse. She is very careful with he nurse. She is very careful with her job.r job.


When you know you are right, you can't back When you know you are right, you can't back down. : When you know you are doing the right down. : When you know you are doing the right thing, you can't give up your effort halfway thing, you can't give up your effort halfway under external pressure. / If you know you are under external pressure. / If you know you are right, you cannot admit that you are wrong when right, you cannot admit that you are wrong when you are faced with personal pressure.you are faced with personal pressure.

back down : accept defeat in an argument, back down : accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong; to opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong; to give up one's original stand, etc.give up one's original stand, etc.

That small country will not That small country will not back downback down to to pressure. pressure.


Always give others credit that is rightfully Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs : Always be ready and willing to give theirs : Always be ready and willing to give approval or praise to other people who deserve approval or praise to other people who deserve it. / Always be broad-minded enough to ac it. / Always be broad-minded enough to ac knowledge and praise those who are smarter and knowledge and praise those who are smarter and more successful than you are. more successful than you are.


credit credit (1) a system of buying goods or services and payin(1) a system of buying goods or services and payin

g for them later If you can't afford to pay cash, buy g for them later If you can't afford to pay cash, buy the furniture on the furniture on credit.credit.

(2) belief or trust in the truth or rightness of someth(2) belief or trust in the truth or rightness of something Do you place any ing Do you place any creditcredit in the government's sto in the government's story?ry?

(3) public approval or praise given to sb. because of (3) public approval or praise given to sb. because of sth. he has donesth. he has done


rightfully: in accordance with what is just right rightfully: in accordance with what is just right or legally corrector legally correct

The legacy is The legacy is rightfullyrightfully yours; she always yours; she always intended you to have it.intended you to have it.


founder: a person who founds or establishes a founder: a person who founds or establishes a school, hospital, organization, etc. school, hospital, organization, etc.

King Henry VIII was the King Henry VIII was the founderfounder of Trinity of Trinity College, Cambridge. College, Cambridge.

He is the He is the founder offounder of the School of Arts and the School of Arts and Sciences in this small city.Sciences in this small city.


firm: a business companyfirm: a business company She works as an engineer for an engineering She works as an engineer for an engineering

firm.firm.


appoint :appoint : (1)choose for a position or job(1)choose for a position or job They have They have appointedappointed him chairman of the board him chairman of the board

of directors. A committee was of directors. A committee was appointedappointed to to investigate these complaints. investigate these complaints.

(2) arrange or decide (esp. a time or place when (2) arrange or decide (esp. a time or place when something will happen) something will happen)

The committee has The committee has appointedappointed a day in July for a day in July for your case to be heard.your case to be heard.


a Russian nesting doll with five progressively a Russian nesting doll with five progressively smaller figures inside: a Russian doll in which smaller figures inside: a Russian doll in which are fitted five figures, each of which is smaller are fitted five figures, each of which is smaller than the previous one. than the previous one.

Progressively: step by step; by stages; moving Progressively: step by step; by stages; moving ahead or developing continuouslyahead or developing continuously

The situation is becoming The situation is becoming progressivelyprogressively tense. tense. The economy in that country was The economy in that country was progressivelyprogressively

getting better.getting better.


message :message : (1) a spoken or written piece of information (1) a spoken or written piece of information

passed from one to another Let's leave her a passed from one to another Let's leave her a messagemessage to meet us at the station. Did you get the to meet us at the station. Did you get the messagemessage that your boss had cancelled the meeting? that your boss had cancelled the meeting?

(2) an important or main idea(2) an important or main idea It is not just mindless entertainment — it is a film It is not just mindless entertainment — it is a film

with a with a messagemessage Christ's Christ's messagemessage was that God loved the world. was that God loved the world.


dwarf : a person, animal, or plant of much less dwarf : a person, animal, or plant of much less than the usual size than the usual size

Their second son is a Their second son is a dwarf. dwarf. There is a funny, silly There is a funny, silly dwarfdwarf in the film. in the film.


giant :giant : (1) a person who is much bigger and taller than (1) a person who is much bigger and taller than

average people A basketball team usually has average people A basketball team usually has several several giants.giants.

(2) a person of great ability(2) a person of great ability Shakespeare is a Shakespeare is a giantgiant among writers. among writers.


precisely: exactly; being exact in details, form, precisely: exactly; being exact in details, form, measurement, etc. measurement, etc.

This job is This job is preciselyprecisely what I want. what I want. The train leaves The train leaves preciselyprecisely at ten o'clock. at ten o'clock.


Be honest and open about what you really are.: Be honest and open about what you really are.: Be yourself and prove yourself to be trustworthy, Be yourself and prove yourself to be trustworthy, without hiding or covering up any unpleasing without hiding or covering up any unpleasing areas in your life. / Be honest and open with areas in your life. / Be honest and open with yourself; face reality squarely and respond to yourself; face reality squarely and respond to life's challenges boldly and in a ma ture, suitable life's challenges boldly and in a ma ture, suitable manner.manner.


people who lack genuine core values : people people who lack genuine core values : people who are without or who do not have enough who are without or who do not have enough truly fundamental valuestruly fundamental values

values: standards or principles; ideas about the values: standards or principles; ideas about the worth or importance of certain qualities, esp. worth or importance of certain qualities, esp. those generally accepted by a particular groupthose generally accepted by a particular group

There are many There are many valuesvalues shared by different shared by different nations in the world. nations in the world.

The American people and the Chinese people The American people and the Chinese people differ in some core differ in some core values.values.


rely on: trust (esp. that sth. will happen or sb. wirely on: trust (esp. that sth. will happen or sb. will do sth. ); have confidence in ll do sth. ); have confidence in

I think I can come, but don't I think I can come, but don't rely onrely on it. it. Don't Don't rely onrely on the bank lending you the money. the bank lending you the money.


external : external : (1) on, of, or from the outside(1) on, of, or from the outside This medicine is for This medicine is for externalexternal use, not to drink. use, not to drink. (2) that can be seen but not natural or real(2) that can be seen but not natural or real He is actually very shy, despite He is actually very shy, despite externalexternal

appearances.appearances.


status: status: (1) one's legal position or condition(1) one's legal position or condition Please state your name, age, and marital Please state your name, age, and marital status.status. (2) one's social or professional rank or position, (2) one's social or professional rank or position,

considered in relation to other people; high social considered in relation to other people; high social position; recognition and respect by other people position; recognition and respect by other people

What is your What is your statusstatus in the organization? in the organization? They think owning such an expensive car will They think owning such an expensive car will

give them give them status.status.


inevitably: being certain to happen; unavoidablyinevitably: being certain to happen; unavoidably He was, He was, inevitably,inevitably, upset by her departure, but upset by her departure, but

soon he got over it. soon he got over it. Given the current financial situation, the pound Given the current financial situation, the pound

will will inevitablyinevitably be devalued. be devalued.


... be adult in your responses to life's challenges : ... answer or ... be adult in your responses to life's challenges : ... answer or respond to life's challenges in a way suitable for or typical of respond to life's challenges in a way suitable for or typical of a grown-up. a grown-up.

challenge :challenge : (1) (sth. with) the quality of demanding competitive action, in(1) (sth. with) the quality of demanding competitive action, in

terest, or thoughtterest, or thought I am looking for a job with a bit more I am looking for a job with a bit more challenge.challenge. (2) an invitation to compete in a fight, game, match, etc.(2) an invitation to compete in a fight, game, match, etc. The President of the Board of Trustees is faced with a The President of the Board of Trustees is faced with a challenchallengege to his leadership from his deputy. to his leadership from his deputy.

(3) a questioning of the rightness, legality, etc. of something(3) a questioning of the rightness, legality, etc. of something This new report represents a This new report represents a challengechallenge to the accepted versio to the accepted versio

n of those events.n of those events.


preserve :preserve : (1) prevent sb. or sth. from being harmed or dest(1) prevent sb. or sth. from being harmed or dest

royedroyed The ancient Egyptians knew ways to The ancient Egyptians knew ways to preservepreserve de de

ad bodies from decay.ad bodies from decay. (2) cause a condition to last; to keep unchanged(2) cause a condition to last; to keep unchanged It is the duty of the police to It is the duty of the police to preservepreserve public ord public ord

er.er.


facade :facade : the front of a building, esp. of a grand building the front of a building, esp. of a grand building The The facade offacade of the Grand Theater is very attractiv the Grand Theater is very attractiv

e.e. (2) an appearance, esp. one that is false(2) an appearance, esp. one that is false Though they put up a Though they put up a facadefacade of honesty, they are of honesty, they are

involved in criminal activities.involved in criminal activities.

Language points of Text I (53)Language points of Text I (53) tough:tough: (1) strong; not easily weakened or broken; able to (1) strong; not easily weakened or broken; able to

suffer difficult or severe conditions suffer difficult or severe conditions Only Only toughtough breeds of sheep can live in the breeds of sheep can live in the

mountains.mountains. (2) showing strong determination; uncompromising(2) showing strong determination; uncompromising (3) difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing (3) difficult to do or deal with; not easy; needing

much effortmuch effort (4) rough; without kind or sympathetic feelings or (4) rough; without kind or sympathetic feelings or

mannersmanners


cover-up: an attempt to prevent something cover-up: an attempt to prevent something dishonorable or criminal from becoming dishonorable or criminal from becoming publicly knownpublicly known

His His cover-up ofcover-up of his criminal activities proved his criminal activities proved futile.futile.


conscience : an inner sense that is conscious of conscience : an inner sense that is conscious of the moral rightness or wrongness of one's the moral rightness or wrongness of one's behavior or intentions, and makes one know behavior or intentions, and makes one know whether one is doing rightwhether one is doing right

I have a guilty I have a guilty confidenceconfidence about not telling her about not telling her the truth. the truth.

I haven't done anything wrong. — I have a clear I haven't done anything wrong. — I have a clear conscience.conscience.


succumb to: succumb to: (1) stop opposing; to give in (to greater force or (1) stop opposing; to give in (to greater force or

strength, a desire, etc. )strength, a desire, etc. ) They held out for some hours in the face of our They held out for some hours in the face of our

persuasive offers, but eventually they persuasive offers, but eventually they succumbed.succumbed.

(2) die because of(2) die because of He finally He finally succumbed tosuccumbed to the illness. the illness.


Sirens: (in ancient Greek literature) any of a Sirens: (in ancient Greek literature) any of a group of women-like creatures whose sweet group of women-like creatures whose sweet singing charmed sailors and caused the wreck of singing charmed sailors and caused the wreck of their ships. In this text, however, the word their ships. In this text, however, the word

sirensiren is metaphorically used to refer to a method is metaphorically used to refer to a method that brings the most immediate benefits, based that brings the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations.on practical rather than moral considerations.


will always win the day: will always be will always win the day: will always be successful; will invariably gain victoriessuccessful; will invariably gain victories


without having to check our track in rearview miwithout having to check our track in rearview mirror: no need to look back and examine the footrror: no need to look back and examine the footmarks we have left behind. A metaphor is involvmarks we have left behind. A metaphor is involved here. Metaphorically, the phrase means that it ed here. Metaphorically, the phrase means that it is unnecessary to recall and examine our activitiis unnecessary to recall and examine our activities or what we have done in the past so as to find es or what we have done in the past so as to find out whether what we have done is right or not. out whether what we have done is right or not.

rearview mirror: a mirror fixed inside the windscrearview mirror: a mirror fixed inside the windscreen of a motor vehicle enabling the drover tp sereen of a motor vehicle enabling the drover tp see traffic, etc. behinde traffic, etc. behind

Grammatical items (1)Grammatical items (1)

Explain the functions of the following imperative Explain the functions of the following imperative sentences.sentences.

• You wait here for a moment.You wait here for a moment. Giving instructionGiving instruction• Let this be a new start for us.Let this be a new start for us. Expressing a suggestionExpressing a suggestion• Mr. Smith, you sit over there.Mr. Smith, you sit over there. Making a suggestionMaking a suggestion• Nobody say a word!Nobody say a word! Giving an order.Giving an order.

Grammatical items (2)Grammatical items (2)

• You keep quiet!You keep quiet! Giving an order and expressing angerGiving an order and expressing anger Do come in.Do come in. InvitingInviting Watch out!Watch out! WarningWarning Do not pick the flowers!Do not pick the flowers! Expressing forbiddanceExpressing forbiddance

Exercises (1)Exercises (1)Translation exercisesTranslation exercises 那个精神病医生因谈论他的病人而被指控违反那个精神病医生因谈论他的病人而被指控违反

了职业道德规范。（了职业道德规范。（ ethicsethics ）） That psychiatrist, who had talked about his patients,That psychiatrist, who had talked about his patients,

was charged with violating professional ethics. was charged with violating professional ethics. 教室的墙上悬挂着一些名人名言，令人鼓舞，教室的墙上悬挂着一些名人名言，令人鼓舞，

催人奋发。（催人奋发。（ hang onhang on ）） Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some faHanging on the walls of the classroom are some fa

mous sayings, which inspire and urge people to exemous sayings, which inspire and urge people to exert themselves.rt themselves.

Exercises (2)Exercises (2)

各种各样的商品应有尽有，没有什么东西供各种各样的商品应有尽有，没有什么东西供应不足。（应不足。（ in short supplyin short supply ））

All kinds of commodities are available (to you). All kinds of commodities are available (to you). Nothing is in short supply.Nothing is in short supply.

我们都信任董事长，因为他是个刚直不阿的我们都信任董事长，因为他是个刚直不阿的人。（人。（ integrityintegrity ））

We all trust the president of the board of directorWe all trust the president of the board of directors, who is a man of absolute integrity.s, who is a man of absolute integrity.


在我们投票支持他之前，我们想知道他的主在我们投票支持他之前，我们想知道他的主张。（张。（ stand forstand for ））

Before we vote for him, we want to know what hBefore we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.e stands for.

这笔钱是在被告家里发现的，被告不能对此这笔钱是在被告家里发现的，被告不能对此作出令人满意的解释。（作出令人满意的解释。（ account foraccount for ））

The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that tThe defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.he money was found in his house.


我看到他是正确的，我只好放弃原来的主张。我看到他是正确的，我只好放弃原来的主张。（（ back downback down ））

When I saw that he was right, I had to back dowWhen I saw that he was right, I had to back down.n.

因为她既聪明又勤奋，所以被任命为销售经因为她既聪明又勤奋，所以被任命为销售经理。（理。（ appointappoint ））

She has be appointed sales director, for she is boShe has be appointed sales director, for she is both clever and diligent.th clever and diligent.

Exercises (5)Exercises (5) 本届政府所面临的最大挑战之一是创造新的工本届政府所面临的最大挑战之一是创造新的工

业和新的就业机会。（业和新的就业机会。（ challengechallenge ）） One of the biggest challenges faced by the presenOne of the biggest challenges faced by the presen

t government is that of creating new industries ant government is that of creating new industries and new jobs.d new jobs.

我们的战士们猛攻敌人的堡垒，其势如暴风骤我们的战士们猛攻敌人的堡垒，其势如暴风骤雨，没过多久，敌人就投降了。（雨，没过多久，敌人就投降了。（ succumbsuccumb ））

The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stoThe enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold.rmed its stronghold.

Exercises (6)Exercises (6) Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the

box in its appropriate form.box in its appropriate form.

morality instinctively succumb to politicallyappoint account for challenge rely onensure seductive tough object (v.)precisely


He was __________ manager of one of the He was __________ manager of one of the European branches.European branches.

The hero of the novel gets some _________ very The hero of the novel gets some _________ very unfair treatment.unfair treatment.

Pinochet will have to ____________ his past Pinochet will have to ____________ his past actions when he was president.actions when he was president.

The country has ____________ great The country has ____________ great international pressure to withdraw its troops.international pressure to withdraw its troops.

appointed

politically

account for

succumbed to


His great works of art have ____________ his His great works of art have ____________ his popularity in the last century.popularity in the last century.

When she entered the dark room, she _________ When she entered the dark room, she _________ felt in danger.felt in danger.

Many local companies are now faced with Many local companies are now faced with ___________ international competition.___________ international competition.

Most people ____________ to the idea of Most people ____________ to the idea of wiping out terrorism by going to war.wiping out terrorism by going to war.

ensured

instinctively

tough

object


The real tough ___________ for us all is to The real tough ___________ for us all is to ensure nobody goes hungry in the next century.ensure nobody goes hungry in the next century.

There is a ___________ variety of bars There is a ___________ variety of bars downtown that you’ll feel like visiting.downtown that you’ll feel like visiting.

challenge

seductive

Comprehension questions of Text II (1)Comprehension questions of Text II (1)

What is the twofold task of parents and What is the twofold task of parents and children the author talks about in this article? children the author talks about in this article?

Children discover and understand the beauty of Children discover and understand the beauty of nature and their parents take the initiative and nature and their parents take the initiative and help them to do so.help them to do so.

How important is it for children to discover the How important is it for children to discover the beauty of nature?beauty of nature?

They will respect nature and try to preserve it They will respect nature and try to preserve it when they are older.when they are older.


Why is children’s discovery of nature an exciting Why is children’s discovery of nature an exciting adventure?adventure?

By exploring their environment children can gain By exploring their environment children can gain an understanding of the world in an interesting an understanding of the world in an interesting and more complex way and create their own and more complex way and create their own intellectual conceptions of reality.intellectual conceptions of reality.

Why does the author ask parents to share their Why does the author ask parents to share their own experience with their children?own experience with their children?

The author believes that parents’ own experience The author believes that parents’ own experience can stimulate the natural curiosity of children and can stimulate the natural curiosity of children and nourish their innate desire to learn.nourish their innate desire to learn.


Why does the author suggest that parents use intWhy does the author suggest that parents use interesting objects from their children’s everyday lieresting objects from their children’s everyday lives?ves?

By continually interacting with their environmenBy continually interacting with their environment, children can keep adding to and reshaping thet, children can keep adding to and reshaping their conceptions of the world.ir conceptions of the world.


What does the author regard as the main value of What does the author regard as the main value of giving children examples?giving children examples?

Children have a natural power to learn and throuChildren have a natural power to learn and through the examples, they can begin to become more gh the examples, they can begin to become more aware of man’s relationship to his environment.aware of man’s relationship to his environment.


What is the importance of imitation?What is the importance of imitation? If you show your children by your actions that If you show your children by your actions that

you respect the environment in which you live, you respect the environment in which you live, they will copy you.they will copy you.

What can we conclude from the passage about What can we conclude from the passage about parents’ participation in the educational parents’ participation in the educational development of their children?development of their children?

Parents can provide an education which can fulfill Parents can provide an education which can fulfill and enrich the current lives of their children as and enrich the current lives of their children as well as prepare them for the future.well as prepare them for the future.

Oral activitiesOral activities

Discuss with one of your classmates on the Discuss with one of your classmates on the following topics.following topics.

Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where we choose to walk every step will show.we choose to walk every step will show.

Integrity is an inner standard for judging our Integrity is an inner standard for judging our behavior. behavior.

Writing practice (1)Writing practice (1)

On HonestyOn Honesty Honesty, the quality of being honest, is a value Honesty, the quality of being honest, is a value

which can be defined in multiple ways. In the which can be defined in multiple ways. In the context of human communication, people are context of human communication, people are generally said to be honest when they tell the truth generally said to be honest when they tell the truth to the best of their knowledge and do not hide what to the best of their knowledge and do not hide what they know or think. Apart from being truthful, they know or think. Apart from being truthful, honesty is also generally thought to involve honesty is also generally thought to involve abstaining from unfair behavior, such as stealing or abstaining from unfair behavior, such as stealing or cheating on a test.cheating on a test.


Some people think that this definition is too Some people think that this definition is too simplistic, or that it is specific to western simplistic, or that it is specific to western culture. For example, some people think that not culture. For example, some people think that not telling the truth is acceptable in some situations, telling the truth is acceptable in some situations, and that persons who lie in such circumstances and that persons who lie in such circumstances are not being dishonest. Examples of such are not being dishonest. Examples of such situations are lying as a part of etiquette ("little situations are lying as a part of etiquette ("little white lies") or lying under grave risk of bodily white lies") or lying under grave risk of bodily harm to self or others. There are some that seek harm to self or others. There are some that seek a much more comprehensive ethical certainty a much more comprehensive ethical certainty about what one says, such as Immanuel Kant.about what one says, such as Immanuel Kant.


Some people think that education is especially Some people think that education is especially important for the promotion of honesty, because important for the promotion of honesty, because they think that it is impossible to be considered they think that it is impossible to be considered honest without acquiring some terminology with honest without acquiring some terminology with which to state truth as understood by the society. which to state truth as understood by the society. In their opinion, ignorance can itself generate In their opinion, ignorance can itself generate dishonesty.dishonesty.

Good bye!Good bye!

Documents

Unit 11 How to Be True to Yourself. Contents Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Pre-reading questions Background information Background information