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Preparation Phase Design Phase Development Phase Implementation Phase Maintenance Phase …. plus Evaluation …. Documentation throughout! Systems Development Life Cycle
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Unit 17: SDLC
Systems Development Life Cycle Five Major Phases
Plus Documentation throughout Plus Evaluation…
Preparation Phase Design Phase Development Phase Implementation Phase Maintenance Phase …. plus Evaluation …. Documentation throughout!
Systems Development Life Cycle
Identify the need for a new computer system
Feasibility Study
Determination of Initial Scope
Determination of Initial Budget Estimate
Determination of Initial Timetable
Submit Formal Proposal to Management
Management Approval and Funding
Preparation Phase
Assemble the Project Team
Preparation Phase
Organize the team, and Establish Project Standards
Assemble the Project Team
Preparation Phase
DesignPhase
Identification of User Needs
Determination of Data ElementsInput/Output Specifications -- PrototypingDetermination of Data Flows
Development of the Database Structure
Organize the team, and Establish Project Standards
Assemble the Project Team
Preparation Phase
DesignPhase
Design and Development of Test Bed
Coding (writing the programs)Testing RegimensVersion Control Processes
User Signoff
Creation of the Processing Specifications
Preparation Phase
DesignPhase
DevelopmentPhase
DEVELOPMENT PHASEDevelop Processing Specifications
Business Event
Storage
Data Capture Data Transmission
UserInformation
Query Selection/Retrieval
Format/Presentation
Data Organization
Business Event
Business Event
Business Event
Business Event
Storage
Business Event
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
UserInformation
Query Selection/Retrieval
Format/Presentation
Business Event
Business Event
Business Event
Business Event
User
User
User
User
Storage
Business Event
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Query Selection/Retrieval
Format/PresentationInformation
Query
Query
Query
Selection/Retrieval
Selection/Retrieval
Selection/Retrieval Format/Presentation
Format/Presentation
Format/Presentation
Data Capture Input new records Update/Modify/Change fields Other locations: Update Modify/Change fields Delete records
Edit Checks and Validation Checks?
Data Transmission Network Interface Network addressing Network routing/handling Network delivery/verification Encryption? Feedback on transmission?
Data Organization Storing in Master file? Transaction file Storing in multiple files? Update of multiple files with status? Generate notifications of update? Generate notification of Deletions? Edit Checks and Validation Checks? Log files of all changes made?
Data Queries Automatic, done by machines Logical, done by programs Human driven
Formatting and Presenting Response to a machine Response to display only Response to printers Response to other devices
Response to error conditions?
Business Event
Business Event
Business Event
Business Event
User
User
User
User
Storage
Business Event
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Capture
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Data Transmission
Query Selection/Retrieval
Format/PresentationInformation
Query
Query
Query
Selection/Retrieval
Selection/Retrieval
Selection/Retrieval Format/Presentation
Format/Presentation
Format/Presentation
DEVELOPMENT PHASEDevelop Processing SpecificationsDesign/Develop Test Bed
Test Script Test Data
Critical Importance of the
Test Script and Test Bed
Testing must be carefully designed to…
Make sure each program “works” correctly Make sure each program is accomplishing its purpose Make sure each program works with its surrounding programs Make sure the entire system works together correctly Make sure the system can function properly under full load/capacity
Make sure the users can run the business with the system
An integral part of good testing is “negative” testing.
Negative testing answers the questions:
• Does the system catch errors?• Can the system be “broken”?• Can the system controls by bypassed?• Does the system fail gracefully?• Can the system recover from failures?
Error Traps
Error traps: Notification only (warning) Processing Stop, with override capability Brick-wall traps
Edit Checks vs. Validation Checks
Edit checks Date, month, day of week, data-type, etc. Range testing Reasonableness testing Usually the criteria values are hard-coded into the program
Validation checks Compares the entered value against another data table Valid customer number? valid employee number? valid produce code? etc. Typically used to ensure integrity with other data and files
DEVELOPMENT PHASEDevelop Processing SpecificationsDesign/Develop Test Bed
Test Script Test Data
Coding Language type (procedural, object-oriented, scripting) Executable type (interpreted vs. compiled)
Terms to know
Procedural Language Object-Oriented Language
Scripting language
Source Code Text editor CASE
Computer Aided Software Engineering
Development Platform
Interpreted Languages
ProductionPlatform
Source Code Source Code
Execution
Interpreter
RUN TIME
Development Platform
Compiled Languages
ProductionPlatform
Source Code
OBJECT Code
Compiler
Development Platform
Compiled Languages
ProductionPlatform
Source Code
OBJECT Code
Compiler
OBJECT Code
Development Platform
Compiled Languages
ProductionPlatform
Execution
Source Code
OBJECT Code
Compiler
RUN TIME
OBJECT Code
Development Platform
Interpreted Languages
ProductionPlatform
Source Code Source Code
Execution
Interpreter
Development Platform
Compiled Languages
ProductionPlatform
Execution
Source Code
OBJECT Code
Compiler
OBJECT Code
DEVELOPMENT PHASEDevelop Processing SpecificationsDesign/Develop Test Bed
Test Script Test Data
Coding Language type (procedural, object-oriented, scripting) Executable type (interpreted vs. compiled)
Testing Regimens
Testing must be carefully designed to…
Make sure each program “works” correctly Make sure each program is accomplishing its purpose Make sure each program works with its surrounding programs Make sure the entire system works together correctly Make sure the system can function properly under full load/capacity
Make sure the users can run the business with the system
ALPHA TESTING REGIMENS Debugging (program testing) Module Testing Integrative Testing Volume Testing Compliance Testing
ALPHA TESTING REGIMENS Debugging Module Testing Integrative Testing Volume Testing Compliance Testing
PROGRAMMERS
USER SPECIALISTSUSER SPECIALISTS
OUTSIDE CONSULTANTS
USER SPECIALISTS
ANALYSTSPROGRAMMERS USER
SPECIALISTSANALYSTS
BETA TESTING END USERS
SCOPE CREEP
Run Away!
VERSION CONTROL
DEVELOPMENT PHASE (continued)
Version Control (of Revisions)User Signoff on Development
Useless Gesture ?
Installation of Software on Production Platform
(including re-testing)
Installation of Software on Production Platform (and retesting!)
User TrainingInitial Data Load (live data, converted data, etc.)Cut-Over (going live)
Shakedown Cruise
User Sign-Off
Preparation Phase
DesignPhase
DevelopmentPhase
ImplementationPhase
Hardware Acquisition, Installation, Configuration and Testing
HardwarePlanning, Acquisition, Installation,
Testing, Configuration, etc.
Homework Videos
Hardware
Implementation Phase, Maintenance Phase, Documentation and Evaluation
Preparation Phase
DesignPhase
DevelopmentPhase
ImplementationPhase
MaintenancePhase
Evaluation
Documentation
Questions?
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