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Unit 2 Lesson 3Babylonia and Assyria
The Rise of Hammurabi and BabyloniaThe city-state of Babylon was
under a lot of construction
More people began to settle in Mesopotamia after the fall of Ur
The Rise of Hammurabi and BabyloniaHammurabi became king of
Babylon in 1792 BCHe was very clever and wanted
powerBy 1754 BC (38 years later) he
controlled all of Mesopotamia and other city-states!
His empire was called Babylonia
Babylonia
The Rise of Hammurabi and BabyloniaThe king gave orders to improve
the city of Babylon◦Stronger city walls◦Gateway leading into the city (Ishtar
Gate)◦Raise the top of the ziggurat to
create the “hanging gardens”
The Rise of Hammurabi and BabyloniaHammurabi sent officials
throughout the empire to carry out his orders and collect taxes
Taxes paid on property went to support Hammurabi’s army and pay for construction projects
Quick SummaryHammurabi became king of
Babylon in 1792 BC and built an empire, sending officials to collect taxes and carry out orders
Why did Hammurabi need tax money and how did he collect it?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
HammurabiHammurabi became king of
Babylon when he was a young adult.
Rulers formed partnerships with each other to increase their power (allies)
Hammurabi, with help from his allies, began to conquer neighboring city-states
He wanted control of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers because he wanted control of irrigation systems and the farming economy!
HammurabiHow did Hammurabi increase his
power in Mesopotamia? ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hammurabi
Hammurabi conquered more than 20 cities and controlled all of Mesopotamia!
Created a code of laws, which he engraved on a stone monument (can’t be changed)
Hammurabi wished to be remembered as an able ruler and a just (fair) lawgiver
Hammurabi“Hammurabi is a ruler, who is as
a father to his subjects… who has achieved conquest for the chief god of Babylon over the north and south… and has established order in the land.”
Babylonian CivilizationLife didn’t change much under
Hammurabi:◦Babylonians relied on irrigation for
farming and on trade◦Had a class system◦Similar religious beliefs
However, Babylonians spoke their own version of the Akkadian language
Babylonian CivilizationCapital city of Babylon grew
◦Became the center of culture and learning
◦Many advancements were made in math, literature, and law
Babylonian Civilization
Hammurabi is best known for the laws he established to govern his empire in a new way
282 laws known as the Code of Hammurabi◦Many laws dealt with business practices◦Others related to property ownership,
medical practice, marriage, and childcare
Babylonian CivilizationThe Code of Hammurabi is the
most complete law code to survive
Hammurabi explained the purpose of the law code:◦“…to give good to the people, to
make justice shine in the land, to destroy the evil and wicked, that the strong do not oppress (mistreat) the weak.”
Babylonian CivilizationHammurabi’s Code called for
different punishments based on the social class of the lawbreaker and the victim of the crime
Punishments often fit the crime ◦“eye for an eye”◦“tooth for a tooth”
Quick Summary The Code of Hammurabi is a set of
laws in which the punishment fits the crime as well as the social class of the offender and the victim
What was the purpose of the Code of Hammurabi?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
The AssyriansWhile the Babylonian Empire
flourished under Hammurabi, the Assyrians began to gain power in northern Mesopotamia
Assyria expanded its territory from about 1900 BC to 600 BC
Assyrians placed higher value on war and conquest (defeat) of another group
The AssyriansUnder King Ashurbanipal, the
Assyrian Empire was at its largest and most powerful
Assyrians controlled nearly all of the Fertile Crescent
Ashurbanipal could read and write ancient Sumerian and Akkadian
He built a great library at Ninevah, the capital
The AssyriansKing Ashurbanipal collected
Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian writings◦Literature◦History◦Math
Quick Summary The Assyrians were aggressive and
conquered and controlled the Fertile Crescent. Their most powerful king was Ashurbanipal, who created a library to keep literature, history, and math tablets.
What made Ashurbanipal an unusual king? ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Babylonia GrowsAfter 627 BC, Babylon began to
expand its influence and wealthNebuchadnezzar II was crowned king
of BabylonHe took over much of the Assyrian
Empire and ordered building projects to make Babylon great again
He built walls to protect the temples and finished building the great ziggurat
Babylonia GrowsHistorians believe:
◦the ziggurat at Babylon might be the inspiration for the Tower of Babel, which is mentioned in the Bible
◦Nebuchadnezzar built the hanging gardens (or was it Queen Sammuramat, who reigned [ruled] 200 years earlier? No one knows…)
Babylon GrowsBabylon was a wealthy trading city
and an important center of learningMade great advancements in math:
◦Determined place value refers to the position of numbers
Babylonian astronomers (scientists who study the sun, moon, stars, and planets) made important advancements◦Predicted when the eclipses of the sun
and moon would occur
Babylon GrowsWhen Nebuchadnezzar II died
about 562 BC, the new Babylonian Empire declined
Persians invaded and conquered Babylon in 539 BC
Quick SummaryUnder the leadership of
Nebuchadnezzar II, Babylon grew in influence and power. When he died, Babylon was conquered by the Persians.
List some of the achievements of the Babylonian culture: ________________________________________________________________________________________________
STUDY FOR YOUR QUIZ!!Put these events in order:_____Nebuchadnezzar II starts a
series of building projects in Babylon
_____Hammurabi establishes his code of law
_____Ashurbanipal builds his library at Nineveh
STUDY FOR YOUR QUIZ!!Who was Hammurabi?
What was the Code of Hammurabi?
How was the Assyrian culture different from the Babylonian culture?