Unit 2 National Government

Topic 1: Three Branches

Topic 2: Checks and Balances

Topic 3: Bill to Law

Topic 1: Three Branches of Government• Legislative Branch (THEY MAKE THE LAWS)

A. Organization1. Bicameral

- House of Representatives-Based on Population; Census-435 Members -Gerrymandering-Can Impeach!

-Senate-Based on Equal

Representation-100 Members

2. Sessions-Two year periods

3. Majority v. Minority Parties

-Party Whips

B. Congressional Leadership1. House of Representatives

-Speaker of the House (Maj)-Chooses what to talk about

2. Senate-President Pro Tempore -Vice President’s Role-Must take bills in order

C. Congressional Committees1. Standing Committees2. Select/Joint

-Seniority System3. Conference Committees

D. Powers of Congress1. Expressed Powers2. Implied Powers 3. Impeach4. Block Appointments5. Propose Amendments

E. Limits on Congressional Power1. Writ of Habeas Corpus2. Bills of Attainder3. Ex Post Facto Laws

F. Qualifications for HoRep1. 25 yrs old2. 7 yr U.S. Citizen3. Live in state to represent

G. Qualifications for Senate1. 30 yrs old2. 9 yr U.S. Citizen3. Live in state to represent

H. Benefits1. $165,200 year2. Franking Privilege

II. Executive Branch (THEY ENFORCE THE LAWS)A. President

1. Top Dog2. Qualifications:

-at least 35 years old-Native-born American Citizen-Resident of the U.S. for at least 14 yrs-More experience is necessary, Why?

3. In the past-First President of the U.S.-First Catholic-First African American Candidate-First woman candidate for V.P-First Jewish candidate for V.P.

4. Electing Process-Every 4 years-Electoral College System

*Not Popular Vote*Electoral votes (#House +#Senate)*Population Issues*270/538*No majority goes to House

-22nd Amendment-EC Movie Clip

5. Salary & Benefits-$400,000 year-$ for expenses-White House, 80 Servants-Camp David, Air Force One

B. Vice President1. Electing Process

-WITH the President-Same qualifications

2. Major Powers-Presides over Senate-Votes in case of tie (ARTICLE 1)

C. Presidential Succession1. 25th Amendment

-Vice President-Speaker of the House-President Pro Tempore-Secretary of State-Secretary of Defense-Attorney General-Secretary of the Interior.. Page 211

D. Presidential Powers1. Veto Legislation (BILLS)2. Call Congressional Special Session3. Commander in Chief4. Foreign Relations5. Make Treaties6. Appoint Judges, Ambassadors (senate approves)7. Pardon or Reprieve8. War Powers Act of 1973

E. Presidential Roles

1. Chief Executive-Executive Orders-Appointments

2. Chief Diplomat-Foreign Relations

3. Commander in Chief-In charge of the military-Declare war with Congressional approval

4. Head of State

F. Presidential Cabinet1. Secretary of State2. Secretary of Defense3. Secretary of Treasury4. Attorney General5. Page 227

G. Executive Office of the President1. 500 people total2. 10-12 personal advisors3. Chief of Staff

G. Agencies1. FDA, CDC, EPA

III. Judicial BranchA. THEY INTERPRET THE LAWS (Article III)

1. Equal Justice2. Settle civil disputes3. Decide innocence or guilt4. Adversarial in Nature

B. Federal Courts Organization1. U.S. Supreme Court2. Court of appeals3. District Courts

C. State Court System Organization1. Supreme Court2. Court of appeals3. Superior Court4. District Courts

D. Federal Court Jurisdiction1. Authority

-Constitution-Federal laws-Disputes b/w states-Citizens of different states-Federal Gov’t -Foreign Gov’t and treaties-Admiralty and Maritime Laws-U.S. Diplomats

2. Types-Exclusive Jurisdiction-Concurrent Jurisdiction -Criminal, Civil, Administrative, Statutory

*U.S. Supreme Court has BOTH (Constitutional)-Original Jurisdiction-Appellate Jurisdiction

Federal Court Systems

Supreme Courts=Appellate Jurisdiction

Courts of Appeals=Appellate Jurisdiction

District Courts=Original Jurisdiction =Magistrates

Opinions & Precedent

-Federal Judges=Appointed

-Adversarial in Nature

-Plea Bargaining

-District Courts hold all types of trials!

E. Supreme Court1. Organization

-9 Members (8 +1) -Appointed & approved -Chooses what cases they hear-Top decision-makers

2. Powers-Judicial Review-Marbury v. Madison-SERVE FOR LIFE

3. Limits-Can only hear cases sent to it

4. Court Procedures-Oct-June/July-Docket-Brief, Arguments, Conferences

5. OpinionsMajorityConcurringDissenting

Reasons:-Social Conditions *KEY

6. Important Cases-Marbury v. Madison-Roe v. Wade-Plessy v. Ferguson-Brown v. Board of Education-Tinker v. Des Moines-Miranda v. Arizona-Gideon v. Wainwright-Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg-State v. Mann-Korematsu v. United States.-Dred Scott v. Sandford-Texas v. Johnson-Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeir-McCulloch v. Maryland-Gibbons v. Ogden-N.J. v. T.L.O-Mapp v. Ohio

Topic 2: Checks and BalancesI. PurposeII. Examples

1. Veto2. Impeach3. 2/3rd over-ride4. Electoral College5. Judicial Review6. Federal Bureaucracy

III. War Powers Act of 1973-Can’t bypass the Constitution

Topic 3: Bill to LawI. Types

1. Public ($ in House!!) 2. Private3. Joint Resolutions4. Civil, Criminal, Administrative, Statutory

1. Ex: EPA regulationsII. From Bill-Law

1. Idea-Citizens, Interest Groups, White House

-Given a Title & Number (S.1, H.R.105)

2. Committee Action-Standing Committee (experts)

-Pass, Change, Replace, Ignore, Kill3. Debate

-Argue over good/bad points-House; Priority, Senate; Order-Fillibuster, Cloture

4. Vote-Voice, Standing, Roll-Call, Electronically-Identical versions must be passed -If either house rejects, bill dies

5. Conference Committee-Settle Differences

6. Presidential Action-Veto (2/3 Majority to override)-Pocket Veto-Sign