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Unit 2: Regional Civilizations730 BC – 1650 AD
• (Part 2: Chapters 10 - 12)• The Middle Ages in Africa, the Middle East and Asia
Ch 10 Review Questions
• Who is Muhammad and why is he significant to World History?
• What are some important beliefs of Muslims?• What were some social and economic
advances brought about by Muslim empires?
Chapter 11: Kingdoms and Trading States of Africa (730 BC – AD 1591)
• Trade routes are the key to holding power and transferring culture in Medieval Africa.
S1: Early Civilizations of Africa• * The Influence of Geography– Africa is the 2nd largest continent– Wide range of climates, vegetation, and terrains– Variety = diversity of culture in Africa
Resources Spur Trade• Since ancient times, Africa’s mineral wealth
has spurred trade across the continent and into other continents.– Ex: Salt, Gold, Iron, Copper• Valuable items to early trade that brought wealth and
power to African trading cities.
How do you think understanding trade can help us better understand the history of Africa?
S2: Kingdoms of West Africa
• Some African Medieval Cities become wealthy commercial centers.
• Between 800-1600, several powerful kingdoms win control of these prosperous cities and their trade.
Kingdoms of West Africa • Ghana
– Founded around AD 800, Located near the Niger and Senegal rivers, the king controlled the gold-salt trade routes across West Africa
• Mali– Around 1235 AD, wins control of the gold trade routes after the collapse of Ghana’s empire
• Songhai– Around 1400, establishes its kingdom in West Africa as Mali’s empire loses its power
S3: Kingdoms and Trading States of East Africa
• Axum (Aksum): Center of Goods and Ideas– By AD 300s, Christianity spreads to Africa and the
King of Axum names it the official religion– By AD 400, commanded a triangular trade network that connected Africa, India, and the Mediterranean world.
Ethiopia• A Christian Outpost• Medieval Ethiopia– Descendants of Axum– Success due in part to the unifying power of their
Christian faith.
Ethiopia
S4: Societies in Medieval Africa• *Key Thought: Africa’s varied geography and
climates and the development of migration and trade have played major roles in how early societies developed throughout the continent.
How do you think geography / climate / migration / trade can impact the development of a society?
Elements of African Society• Family Patterns
– Each family belonged to a lineage (common ancestor)• Patrilineal: inheritance passed through the father’s side• Matrilineal: inheritance passed through the mother’s side
• Political Patterns– Varied based on culture and size of community– Ex: In some villages, a chief had most of the authority, but in
other villages a group of elders made the major decisions.
• Religious Beliefs– Various beliefs early on, but by 1000 AD both Christianity and Islam spread to many regions of Africa