UNIT-3UNIT-3BEGINNING OF SOCIAL BEGINNING OF SOCIAL

WORK EDUCATIONWORK EDUCATION

HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK -WORLDHISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK -WORLD The roots of social work education can be traced to

their international beginnings in Britain and some countries in Europe towards the

end of the 19"'century. From Europe, the profession spread to United States,

Africa, Asia and South America 1899-The Amsterdam Institute of Social Work Training is credited to be the first two-year

training programme with theory and practice. Women's University Settlement established in 1887 in London by women graduates of Oxford and

Cambridge. The training pioneered by this group evolved into organized courses, and ultimately, into professional education for social work.

1903 - the Alice Salomon School of Social Work, Germany

1904 - Mary Richmond- the New York School of Philanthropy

1920-Chicago School of Social Service Administration, the First autonomous graduateSchool of social work within a university.

1925-South America-Alejandro del Rio School of Social Work, offered a two-year programme.

1932-The first institution was a three-year diploma at the Cape Town and Transvaal University College. The first degree course was established at the University of Stellenbosch

1922-The first institution to be established In Asia was the Department of Sociology and Social Work, Yenching University

1936 - first school of Social Work in Asia goes to TataInstitute of Social Sciences, which became a university 1964.

HISTORY OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN INDIA

The first training course for social work as claimed by University Grants Commission(Social Work in Education in Indian Universities, 1965) was organized by SocialScience League in Bombay in 1920. This was a short-term course meant for voluntaryworkers engaged in welfare work.

The first professional institution that provided training for a career in social work was established in 1936 in Bombay. The genesis of social work education in India has its roots in this establishment of Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work (later

known as Tata Institute of Social Sciences).

After Independence, Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi and College of Social Service,Gujarat Vidyapeeth, Ahmedabad were established in 1947;

In 1948, Delhi School of Social Work, (DSSW) came under auspices of North YWCA of India with assistance from Foreign Division of American YWCA. It is the pioneer institution

offering two years post graduate course leading to Master's degree.

In 1949, University of Delhi granted affiliation and took up management of School in 1961.

The first school as part of the University was established in Baroda in 1949-50 and Department of Social Work, Lucknow University was established in 1949.

Madras School of Social Work(l952) arid others were-established across the length and breadth Of the country

SOCIAL WORK EDUCATIONSOCIAL WORK EDUCATION

CURRICULUMCURRICULUMFIELD WORKFIELD WORKSUPERVISIONSUPERVISION

CURRICULUMCURRICULUM The course of study for Master of Social Work (MSW) extends over The course of study for Master of Social Work (MSW) extends over

two academic years.two academic years. Each academic year is divided into two semesters. The first two Each academic year is divided into two semesters. The first two

semesters will have common theory papers and field work. The semesters will have common theory papers and field work. The third and fourth semesters will have, besides the commonthird and fourth semesters will have, besides the common

theory papers, specialization and elective theory papers, field theory papers, specialization and elective theory papers, field work in respective areas of specialization and research project.work in respective areas of specialization and research project.

The nucleus of Social Work Education is the Field Work The nucleus of Social Work Education is the Field Work

Programme which is a fundamental component of the curriculum. Programme which is a fundamental component of the curriculum. The fieldwork practicum is the central mechanism for transmitting The fieldwork practicum is the central mechanism for transmitting theoretical knowledge into the practical level of work.theoretical knowledge into the practical level of work.

Each student is expected to do a research project during the Each student is expected to do a research project during the course of study. The research project work will be started in the course of study. The research project work will be started in the third semester and continued till the fourth semester. The final third semester and continued till the fourth semester. The final report is submitted at the end of the fourth semester for report is submitted at the end of the fourth semester for valuation. The student will do a dissertation of the research thesis valuation. The student will do a dissertation of the research thesis and appear for the viva on the research project.and appear for the viva on the research project.

The Block Field Work after the fourth semester examinations is The Block Field Work after the fourth semester examinations is compulsory for the completion of the MSW course.compulsory for the completion of the MSW course.

The students will organize and participate in a rural camp during The students will organize and participate in a rural camp during

the first year and a study tour during the second year.the first year and a study tour during the second year.

THE UNIQUENESS OF THIS MSW PROGRAMTHE UNIQUENESS OF THIS MSW PROGRAM

Utilizing the concept, “world is a family which is derived from Utilizing the concept, “world is a family which is derived from the oldest living language in this universe, Sanskrit. the oldest living language in this universe, Sanskrit.

Focusing on the latest knowledge dissemination, application, Focusing on the latest knowledge dissemination, application, integration and creation by enriching the five senses of the integration and creation by enriching the five senses of the students.students.

Developing a new genre of professional social workers, driven Developing a new genre of professional social workers, driven by timeless human values, equipped with the best of knowledgeby timeless human values, equipped with the best of knowledge and skills and committed to serve all types of people and and skills and committed to serve all types of people and nature with love, trust, tolerance, humility. nature with love, trust, tolerance, humility.

Exploring the frontiers of scientific Social Work thought Exploring the frontiers of scientific Social Work thought extending it further for the service of humanity. extending it further for the service of humanity.

Cherishing, uploading, nurturing and living by the best of theCherishing, uploading, nurturing and living by the best of the social values. social values.

Learning to listen to people with deep understanding and Learning to listen to people with deep understanding and sensitivity. sensitivity.

SUBJECT FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL WORK EDUCATIONSUBJECT FRAMEWORK FOR SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION

The social work curriculum has been dynamic and The social work curriculum has been dynamic and changing with the emerging concerns in the era changing with the emerging concerns in the era of Globalization. The curriculum addresses the of Globalization. The curriculum addresses the causes of exclusion, poverty and marginalization causes of exclusion, poverty and marginalization and ways of altering structures while responding and ways of altering structures while responding to the conditions of poverty and deprivation. The to the conditions of poverty and deprivation. The M.S.W Programme is designed to equip the M.S.W Programme is designed to equip the students with sound theoretical knowledge about students with sound theoretical knowledge about social work, social welfare and development social work, social welfare and development concerns of the poor, and help the students to concerns of the poor, and help the students to develop skills and insights into working with develop skills and insights into working with people at the individual, group and community people at the individual, group and community levels, and their representatives, and network levels, and their representatives, and network with other groups and professionals working on with other groups and professionals working on similar issues. They have been given exposure to similar issues. They have been given exposure to work with all sectors of populations such as work with all sectors of populations such as children, youth, women, elderly, Dalits, and children, youth, women, elderly, Dalits, and people with disabilities. people with disabilities.

FIELD WORKFIELD WORK Concurrent Field Work is an integral part of total programme of Concurrent Field Work is an integral part of total programme of

training in Social Work. Field Work Programme consists of training in Social Work. Field Work Programme consists of observation visits to the agencies, institutions and community observation visits to the agencies, institutions and community settings, rural camp, study tour and direct practice of social work settings, rural camp, study tour and direct practice of social work skills for intervention under the guidance of professional social skills for intervention under the guidance of professional social workers in selected placements. Such placements provide an workers in selected placements. Such placements provide an opportunity to the learner to apply theory to practice and gain opportunity to the learner to apply theory to practice and gain first hand experience. Therefore field work in each semester is first hand experience. Therefore field work in each semester is compulsory in this programme and a student is expected to have compulsory in this programme and a student is expected to have 100 percent attendance. Any shortage should be compensated.100 percent attendance. Any shortage should be compensated.

In the first semester the field work training would also consist of In the first semester the field work training would also consist of observational visits, lab sessions, skill based training and observational visits, lab sessions, skill based training and placement. In all other semesters, ideally 2 working days per placement. In all other semesters, ideally 2 working days per week shall be set aside for concurrent field work of 15 hours per week shall be set aside for concurrent field work of 15 hours per week. Each semester shall have a minimum of 24 days of week. Each semester shall have a minimum of 24 days of concurrent field work spread over 12 weeks.concurrent field work spread over 12 weeks.

The student is required to submit the report on the field work The student is required to submit the report on the field work and the field work diary, before the commencement of classes and the field work diary, before the commencement of classes on the first day of class following the field work days. At the end on the first day of class following the field work days. At the end of the fourth semester examinations the student is required to of the fourth semester examinations the student is required to do a block placement of 30 days.do a block placement of 30 days.

EVALUATION OF FIELD WORKEVALUATION OF FIELD WORK

i. In-Semester Assessment 40 marks:i. In-Semester Assessment 40 marks:

The following components are considered:The following components are considered:

Attendance at the field or agencyAttendance at the field or agency Activities carried outActivities carried out Methods practicedMethods practiced Field work reportField work report Critical AssessmentCritical Assessment Professional growthProfessional growth

ii. End-Semester Examination 60 marks :ii. End-Semester Examination 60 marks :

Viva Voce: 10-15 minutes per studentViva Voce: 10-15 minutes per student The following components are considered:-The following components are considered:- Field Work ReportField Work Report AchievementsAchievements CommunicationCommunication ContributionContribution SkillsSkills Practical KnowledgePractical Knowledge Methods practicedMethods practiced Programmes implementedProgrammes implemented AttitudeAttitude Professional confidenceProfessional confidence

EVALUATION OF FIELD WORKEVALUATION OF FIELD WORK

SUPERVISIONSUPERVISION

Supervision is the basis of practice learning. The objective Supervision is the basis of practice learning. The objective of supervision is to guide a student to acquire social work of supervision is to guide a student to acquire social work skills and attitudes required for the profession and to skills and attitudes required for the profession and to relate field practice to knowledge acquired in the relate field practice to knowledge acquired in the classroom. This objective is achieved by placing the classroom. This objective is achieved by placing the students under the supervision of a teacher in the students under the supervision of a teacher in the Department as well as a trained social worker in the Department as well as a trained social worker in the agency. The guided supervision through individual and agency. The guided supervision through individual and group conferences on specified days and timings helps a group conferences on specified days and timings helps a student grow as a better professional. student grow as a better professional.

The supervisor’s primary task in the beginning is to make The supervisor’s primary task in the beginning is to make the student feel comfortable and apprise him/her briefly of the student feel comfortable and apprise him/her briefly of the social work values and skills. At the onset of the the social work values and skills. At the onset of the supervisor-supervisee relations. The supervisor must make supervisor-supervisee relations. The supervisor must make some assessment of the student’s ability for social work some assessment of the student’s ability for social work intervention and his/her individual assets, which create intervention and his/her individual assets, which create suitable learning opportunities and environment.suitable learning opportunities and environment.

The Supervisor must strive to:The Supervisor must strive to:

Help create a non-intimidating and non-authoritarian ambience of Help create a non-intimidating and non-authoritarian ambience of learning which help the student raise his/her queries and participate learning which help the student raise his/her queries and participate in the discussionin the discussion

Help the student develop the capability to critically examine issues Help the student develop the capability to critically examine issues and instances from the fieldand instances from the field

Assist the student develops maturity in dealing with difficult Assist the student develops maturity in dealing with difficult situations and circumstances and learn to appreciate and respect situations and circumstances and learn to appreciate and respect multiplicity and diversity of communities and culturemultiplicity and diversity of communities and culture

Help him/her grow as professional social worker, conscious of the Help him/her grow as professional social worker, conscious of the requirements of the profession and develop capability to manage requirements of the profession and develop capability to manage situations independentlysituations independently

Help the student to present and discuss his/her views, feelings and Help the student to present and discuss his/her views, feelings and proposed action in a democratic manner and setting proposed action in a democratic manner and setting Provide feedback to the students about their performance Provide feedback to the students about their performance Encourage debates on the alternative courses of action and help the Encourage debates on the alternative courses of action and help the

student to take appropriate decisionsstudent to take appropriate decisions Enable the student to develop an agenda of self-directed life long Enable the student to develop an agenda of self-directed life long

learning for personal and professional development for a career in learning for personal and professional development for a career in the profession of social work including continuing social Work the profession of social work including continuing social Work EducationEducation

Arrange periodic meetings with agency supervisor wherein the Arrange periodic meetings with agency supervisor wherein the proposed course of action by the student is discussed and an proposed course of action by the student is discussed and an affirmative response is obtained from the agency.affirmative response is obtained from the agency.

Provide guidelines to the student on his/her records. It should be Provide guidelines to the student on his/her records. It should be seen that the records should not reflect merely the diary or seen that the records should not reflect merely the diary or chronological recording of the time spent in the field. While chronological recording of the time spent in the field. While commenting upon the gaps in recording, insight on the nature of commenting upon the gaps in recording, insight on the nature of improvement to be made by the student may be discussed.improvement to be made by the student may be discussed.

AGENCY SUPERVISORAGENCY SUPERVISOR

Agency Supervisor should preferably be trained social worker. Agency Supervisor should preferably be trained social worker. He/She should; He/She should;

Provide an overview of the agency, its aims, objectives, policies and Provide an overview of the agency, its aims, objectives, policies and programmes and limitations to the students placed under his/her programmes and limitations to the students placed under his/her supervisionssupervisions

Plan out students work programme along with Department Supervisor so Plan out students work programme along with Department Supervisor so as to maximize students learning.as to maximize students learning.

Provide on the spot guidance to facilitate learning of the student.Provide on the spot guidance to facilitate learning of the student. Provide appropriate intervention in the event of the students facing Provide appropriate intervention in the event of the students facing

problem’s viz agency’s procedural routines, relationship with other staff problem’s viz agency’s procedural routines, relationship with other staff members etc.members etc.

Agency Supervisor provides students with adequate and scheduled time Agency Supervisor provides students with adequate and scheduled time (on a weekly basis) to discuss students problem and progress(on a weekly basis) to discuss students problem and progress

Agency Supervisor provides the students with a place to sit and keep Agency Supervisor provides the students with a place to sit and keep his/her field work files/records.his/her field work files/records.

Agency Supervisor insists on submission of weekly fieldwork reports by Agency Supervisor insists on submission of weekly fieldwork reports by students. They should be advised to go through them and give their students. They should be advised to go through them and give their comments.comments.

The Agency supervisor should ensure that log sheets reflect and actual The Agency supervisor should ensure that log sheets reflect and actual work and fieldwork hours being put in by the student. Only log sheets work and fieldwork hours being put in by the student. Only log sheets which have been duly filled in by the students should be signed by the which have been duly filled in by the students should be signed by the agency supervisor on regular basis.agency supervisor on regular basis.

Agency Supervisor should keep a check on the students’ regularity and Agency Supervisor should keep a check on the students’ regularity and punctuality. Some system of ensuring this (attendance register) could be punctuality. Some system of ensuring this (attendance register) could be worked out by the agency supervisor and should feel free to contact the worked out by the agency supervisor and should feel free to contact the Department Supervisor.Department Supervisor.

Unit -3Unit -3ATTRIBUTES OF A ATTRIBUTES OF A

PROFESSIONPROFESSION

CONCEPTSCONCEPTS

Attributes of a profession are not fixed but Attributes of a profession are not fixed but rather evolve as society’s need for and rather evolve as society’s need for and definition of professions change in definition of professions change in response to changing social conditions and response to changing social conditions and values (Humphreys and Dinerman, 1984).values (Humphreys and Dinerman, 1984).

Professionalism refers to the degree to Professionalism refers to the degree to which an individual possesses and utilizes which an individual possesses and utilizes the knowledge skills and qualifications of a the knowledge skills and qualifications of a profession and adheres to its values and profession and adheres to its values and ethics when serving the client (Barker, ethics when serving the client (Barker, 1987).1987).

CLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTESCLASSIFICATION OF PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES

Greenwood (1981) identified three essential attributes of a profession: Greenwood (1981) identified three essential attributes of a profession: cognitive, monopolistic and normative. The following characteristics of cognitive, monopolistic and normative. The following characteristics of a profession can be considered as derivatives of these basic a profession can be considered as derivatives of these basic attributes:attributes:

CognitiveCognitive

1. A systematic body of theories and knowledge1. A systematic body of theories and knowledge2. Formal education in universities2. Formal education in universities3. Growth in specialization3. Growth in specialization

NormativeNormative

1. A code of ethical standard with an enforcement mechanism1. A code of ethical standard with an enforcement mechanism2. Professional associations2. Professional associations

MonopolisticMonopolistic

1. Professional authority1. Professional authority2. Sanction from the society2. Sanction from the society

PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPSPROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS

1.The professional relationship is formed for 1.The professional relationship is formed for a joint / shared vision / goals (purpose) a joint / shared vision / goals (purpose) and not as an end in itself.and not as an end in itself.

2. In professional relationships the social 2. In professional relationships the social workers devote themselves to the interest workers devote themselves to the interest of their clients and the needs and of their clients and the needs and aspirations of other people, rather than aspirations of other people, rather than their own interests.their own interests.

3. The professional relationship is based on 3. The professional relationship is based on objectivity and self-awareness which allow objectivity and self-awareness which allow the social workers to step outside of their the social workers to step outside of their own personal troubles and emotional own personal troubles and emotional needs and to be sensitive to the needs of needs and to be sensitive to the needs of others (Pincus and Minahan, 1973)others (Pincus and Minahan, 1973)

PROFESSIONALISATION OF SOCIAL WORKPROFESSIONALISATION OF SOCIAL WORK

Normative AttributesNormative Attributes

Social Work Values and EthicsSocial Work Values and Ethics

Meaning of Ethics:Meaning of Ethics: Ethics is a system of moral Ethics is a system of moral

principles and perceptions about principles and perceptions about right versus wrong and the right versus wrong and the resulting philosophy of conduct that resulting philosophy of conduct that is practiced by an individual, group, is practiced by an individual, group, profession or culture.profession or culture.

This code lists the following broad ethical principles based This code lists the following broad ethical principles based on social work’s core values:on social work’s core values:

1. 1. Value: ServiceValue: Service Ethical Principle: Social workers’ primary goal is Ethical Principle: Social workers’ primary goal is to help people in need and to address social to help people in need and to address social problems.problems.

2. 2. Value: Social JusticeValue: Social Justice Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social injustice.injustice.

3. 3. Value: Dignity and Worth of the PersonValue: Dignity and Worth of the Person Ethical Principle: Social Workers respect the Ethical Principle: Social Workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the person.inherent dignity and worth of the person.

4. 4. Value: Importance of Human RelationshipsValue: Importance of Human Relationships Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the central importance of human relationshipscentral importance of human relationships

Social Work’s Core Values…continues…..Social Work’s Core Values…continues…..

5. 5. Value: IntegrityValue: Integrity

Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a trustworthy Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a trustworthy

manner.manner.

6. 6. Value: CompetenceValue: Competence

Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within their areas of Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within their areas of

competence and develop and enhance their professional competence and develop and enhance their professional

expertise.expertise.

Cognitive Attributes:Cognitive Attributes: Hollis and Taylor (1951) rejected the idea widely held by social Hollis and Taylor (1951) rejected the idea widely held by social workers at that time that casework, group work and community workers at that time that casework, group work and community organizations are social work specializations. They observed the need for organizations are social work specializations. They observed the need for social work specializations to be characterized by functions and not by social work specializations to be characterized by functions and not by agency setting. In specializations by functions they included advance agency setting. In specializations by functions they included advance practice, administration, supervision, teaching and research. Such practice, administration, supervision, teaching and research. Such specializations require social workers to explore the whole field of social specializations require social workers to explore the whole field of social work from the chosen approach.work from the chosen approach.

ETHICAL DILEMMASETHICAL DILEMMAS

Each state in the US has licensing, registration Each state in the US has licensing, registration and statutory certification laws developed to and statutory certification laws developed to regulate the practice of social work profession.regulate the practice of social work profession.

The ethical dilemmas, which social workers face The ethical dilemmas, which social workers face in their work, are summarized by Reamer (2001) in their work, are summarized by Reamer (2001) into three categories as follows:into three categories as follows:

1. Services provided to individuals, families and 1. Services provided to individuals, families and small groups or direct practice face the issues of small groups or direct practice face the issues of confidentiality and privacyconfidentiality and privacy

2. Social workers in social policy positions may 2. Social workers in social policy positions may encounter ethical dilemmas concerning the encounter ethical dilemmas concerning the allocation of limited resourcesallocation of limited resources

3.3. Ethical dilemmas with reference to social Ethical dilemmas with reference to social workers’ relationships with their colleagues workers’ relationships with their colleagues include situations where social workers include situations where social workers encounter unethical conduct or wrongdoing encounter unethical conduct or wrongdoing engaged in be colleagues.engaged in be colleagues.

Unit-3Unit-3

SOCIAL WORK SOCIAL WORK PROFESSIONAL PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONSASSOCIATIONS

1.Council on Social Work Education 1.Council on Social Work Education (CSWE)(CSWE)

The Council on Social Work Education The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) was set up in 1952, to set (CSWE) was set up in 1952, to set standards under which undergraduate and standards under which undergraduate and graduate social work educational graduate social work educational institutions function and is the accrediting institutions function and is the accrediting body for these institutions. All states with body for these institutions. All states with social work licensing require applicants to social work licensing require applicants to be graduates of schools accredited by be graduates of schools accredited by CSWE. CSWE publishes the Journal of CSWE. CSWE publishes the Journal of Social Work Education. In 1955, a National Social Work Education. In 1955, a National Association of Social Workers (NASW) was Association of Social Workers (NASW) was set up through the merger of seven set up through the merger of seven organizations. The NASW is the organizations. The NASW is the cornerstone of social work profession in cornerstone of social work profession in the USA.the USA.

2. National Association of Social Workers (NASW)2. National Association of Social Workers (NASW)

The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is the The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is the largest membership organization of professional social largest membership organization of professional social workers in the world, with workers in the world, with 150,000 members150,000 members. NASW works . NASW works to enhance the professional growth and development of its to enhance the professional growth and development of its members, to create and maintain professional standards, members, to create and maintain professional standards, and to advance sound social policies. The mission of the and to advance sound social policies. The mission of the social work profession is rooted in a set of core values. social work profession is rooted in a set of core values.

NASW –CORE VALUESNASW –CORE VALUES These core values, embraced by social workers throughout These core values, embraced by social workers throughout

the profession's history, are the foundation of social work's the profession's history, are the foundation of social work's unique purpose and perspective: unique purpose and perspective:

SERVICE SERVICE SOCIAL JUSTICE SOCIAL JUSTICE DIGNITY AND WORTH OF THE PERSON DIGNITY AND WORTH OF THE PERSON IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS INTEGRITY INTEGRITY COMPETENCE. COMPETENCE.

NASW Code of EthicsNASW Code of Ethics Professional ethics are at the core of social work. The profession has an Professional ethics are at the core of social work. The profession has an

obligation to articulate its basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. obligation to articulate its basic values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. The The NASW Code of EthicsNASW Code of Ethics sets forth these values, principles, and standards to sets forth these values, principles, and standards to guide social workers' conduct. Theguide social workers' conduct. The Code Code is relevant to all social workers and is relevant to all social workers and social work students, regardless of their professional functions, the settings in social work students, regardless of their professional functions, the settings in which they work, or the populations they serve. which they work, or the populations they serve.

The The NASW Code of EthicsNASW Code of Ethics serves six purposes: serves six purposes:

TheThe Code Code identifies core values on which social work's mission is identifies core values on which social work's mission is based. based.

The The CodeCode summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the summarizes broad ethical principles that reflect the profession's core values and establishes a set of specific ethical profession's core values and establishes a set of specific ethical standards that should be used to guide social work practice. standards that should be used to guide social work practice.

TheThe Code Code is designed to help social workers identify relevant is designed to help social workers identify relevant considerations when professional obligations conflict or ethical considerations when professional obligations conflict or ethical uncertainties arise. uncertainties arise.

The The CodeCode provides ethical standards to which the general public can provides ethical standards to which the general public can hold the social work profession accountable. hold the social work profession accountable.

The The Code Code socializes practitioners new to the field to social work's socializes practitioners new to the field to social work's mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards. mission, values, ethical principles, and ethical standards.

The The CodeCode articulates standards that the social work profession itself articulates standards that the social work profession itself can use to assess whether social workers have engaged in unethical can use to assess whether social workers have engaged in unethical conduct. NASW has formal procedures to adjudicate ethics complaints conduct. NASW has formal procedures to adjudicate ethics complaints filed against its members.* In subscribing to this filed against its members.* In subscribing to this Code,Code, social workers social workers are required to cooperate in its implementation, participate in NASW are required to cooperate in its implementation, participate in NASW adjudication proceedings, and abide by any NASW disciplinary rulings adjudication proceedings, and abide by any NASW disciplinary rulings or sanctions based on it. or sanctions based on it.

3.International Association of Schools of Social Work, 3.International Association of Schools of Social Work, IASSWIASSW

IASSW was IASSW was founded in 1928 at the First International Conference of Social Work, held in Paris. It was initially comprised of 51 schools, mostly in Europe, and was known as the International Committee. Revitalized after World War II, the organization expanded its membership to include a wider range of countries and was renamed the International Association of Schools of Social Work. The association has member schools in all parts of the world; 5 regional organizations in Africa; Asia and the Pacific; Europe; Latin America; and North America and the Caribbean are affiliated with the IASSW and represented on the Board of Directors. The International Association The International Association of Schools of Social Work, IASSW, is the worldwide association of of Schools of Social Work, IASSW, is the worldwide association of schools of social work, other tertiary level social work educational schools of social work, other tertiary level social work educational programmes, and social work educators. The IASSW promotes the programmes, and social work educators. The IASSW promotes the development of social work education throughout the world, development of social work education throughout the world, develops standards to enhance quality of social work education, develops standards to enhance quality of social work education, encourages international exchange, provides forums for sharing encourages international exchange, provides forums for sharing social work research and scholarship, and promotes human rights social work research and scholarship, and promotes human rights and social development through policy and advocacy activities. and social development through policy and advocacy activities. IASSW holds consultative status with the United Nations and IASSW holds consultative status with the United Nations and participates as an NGO in UN activities in Geneva, Vienna and New participates as an NGO in UN activities in Geneva, Vienna and New York. Through its work at the UN and with other international York. Through its work at the UN and with other international organizations, IASSW represents social work education at the organizations, IASSW represents social work education at the international level.international level.

IASSW carries out its purposes through: IASSW carries out its purposes through:

a biennial conference of social work educators,a biennial conference of social work educators, the IASSW the IASSW CongressCongress Publication of a Publication of a newsletternewsletter presentation at the presentation at the United NationsUnited Nations the journal the journal International Social WorkInternational Social Work Activities of Committees and Task Forces Activities of Committees and Task Forces funding of small cross-national projects in social work funding of small cross-national projects in social work education education

Members benefit from the followingMembers benefit from the following

Reduced registration fee at biennial international congresses. Reduced registration fee at biennial international congresses. Free subscription to the IASSW News Letter and may subscribe to "International Free subscription to the IASSW News Letter and may subscribe to "International

Social Work Journal", "International Journal of Social Welfare" and other IASSW Social Work Journal", "International Journal of Social Welfare" and other IASSW publications at a reduced rate. publications at a reduced rate.

Accessibility to IASSW funding regarding joint projects with other schools of social Accessibility to IASSW funding regarding joint projects with other schools of social work, designed to advance IASSW Mission and to the enhancement of cooperation work, designed to advance IASSW Mission and to the enhancement of cooperation among schools of social work world-wide. among schools of social work world-wide.

Free copy of the Directory for Schools of Social Work. Free copy of the Directory for Schools of Social Work. Participation in ongoing projects related to social themes - poverty, macro Participation in ongoing projects related to social themes - poverty, macro

development, peace and human rights, ecology, women, children, AIDS and development, peace and human rights, ecology, women, children, AIDS and others. others.

Each school has a vote at the General Assembly held biennially. Each school has a vote at the General Assembly held biennially. Individual members have the same privileges as mentioned above and a pro-rata Individual members have the same privileges as mentioned above and a pro-rata

right to vote at the General Assembly.right to vote at the General Assembly.

CONTACTCONTACT

Secretary of IASSWSecretary of IASSWShirley FisherShirley Fisher (Assistant to the (Assistant to the President)President)

Post to: The Hong Kong Polytechnic Post to: The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityUniversityDepartment of Applied Social Sciences Department of Applied Social Sciences (Rm HJ412)(Rm HJ412)Hung HomHung HomKowloonKowloonHong Kong Hong Kong

4. 4. International Federation of Social WorkersInternational Federation of Social Workers IntroductionIntroduction The International Federation of Social Workers The International Federation of Social Workers

recognises that social work originates variously recognises that social work originates variously from humanitarian, religious and democratic from humanitarian, religious and democratic ideals and philosophies; and that it has universal ideals and philosophies; and that it has universal application to meet human needs arising from application to meet human needs arising from personal-societal interactions, and to develop personal-societal interactions, and to develop human potential.human potential.

Professional social workers are dedicated to Professional social workers are dedicated to service for the welfare and self-fulfilment of service for the welfare and self-fulfilment of human beings; to the development and human beings; to the development and disciplined use of scientific knowledge regarding disciplined use of scientific knowledge regarding human behaviour and society; to the human behaviour and society; to the development of resources to meet individual, development of resources to meet individual, group, national and international needs and group, national and international needs and aspirations; to the enhancement and aspirations; to the enhancement and improvement of the quality of life of people; and improvement of the quality of life of people; and to the achievement of social justice.to the achievement of social justice.

HISTORYHISTORY

The International Federation of Social Workers is a successor to The International Federation of Social Workers is a successor to the International Permanent Secretariat of Social Workers, which the International Permanent Secretariat of Social Workers, which was founded in Paris in 1928 and was active until the outbreak of was founded in Paris in 1928 and was active until the outbreak of World War II. It was not until 1950, at the time of the International World War II. It was not until 1950, at the time of the International Conference of Social Work in Paris, that the decision was made to Conference of Social Work in Paris, that the decision was made to create the International Federation of Social Workers, an create the International Federation of Social Workers, an international organization of professional social workers.international organization of professional social workers.The original agreement was that the IFSW would come into being The original agreement was that the IFSW would come into being when seven national organisations agreed to become members. when seven national organisations agreed to become members. After much preliminary work, the Federation was finally founded After much preliminary work, the Federation was finally founded in 1956 at the time of the meeting of the International Conference in 1956 at the time of the meeting of the International Conference on Social Welfare in Munich, Germany. on Social Welfare in Munich, Germany.

MEMBERSHIPMEMBERSHIP Only one national professional organisation in each country may Only one national professional organisation in each country may

become a member of the Federation. Such an organisation may be become a member of the Federation. Such an organisation may be a national organisation or a co-ordinating body representing two a national organisation or a co-ordinating body representing two or more national organisations. Each member association or co-or more national organisations. Each member association or co-ordinating body must observe the IFSW Constitution. It should ordinating body must observe the IFSW Constitution. It should especially require from its members regular professional training especially require from its members regular professional training based upon an organised sequence of social work education based upon an organised sequence of social work education incorporating ethical standards of practice and a body of incorporating ethical standards of practice and a body of knowledge compatible with the social work principles. Member knowledge compatible with the social work principles. Member organisations shall not discriminate against groups of social organisations shall not discriminate against groups of social workers or individual social workers on grounds of race, colour, workers or individual social workers on grounds of race, colour, ethnic origin, gender, language, religion, political opinion, age or ethnic origin, gender, language, religion, political opinion, age or sexual preference.sexual preference.Admission is decided by the General Meeting, and is based on Admission is decided by the General Meeting, and is based on information required by the Federation. The IFSW Secretariat can information required by the Federation. The IFSW Secretariat can provide documents supporting an application.provide documents supporting an application.

CONTACTCONTACT The International Federation of Social The International Federation of Social

Workers (IFSW) is a global organisation Workers (IFSW) is a global organisation striving for social justice, human rights and striving for social justice, human rights and social development through the social development through the development of social work, best practices development of social work, best practices and international cooperation between and international cooperation between social workers and their professional social workers and their professional organizations.organizations.

PresidentPresident Mr David N. JonesMr David N. Jones

c/o British Association of Social Workers,c/o British Association of Social Workers,16, Kent Street,16, Kent Street,Birmingham B5 6RD Birmingham B5 6RD United KingdomUnited KingdomTel: (44) 1604 414 345 Tel: (44) 1604 414 345

5. 5. Professional Social Workers' Professional Social Workers' AssociationAssociation (PSWA) (PSWA)

PSWA is Registered under the Tamil Nadu PSWA is Registered under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975  (Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975  (Tamil Nadu Act 27 of 1975)Act 27 of 1975)Serial Number 159/2004 Serial Number 159/2004 

PSWA was formerly known as PSWA was formerly known as PSWF (Professional Social Workers' PSWF (Professional Social Workers' Forum) S.No. 249/1985Forum) S.No. 249/1985

HISTORY OF PROJECTHISTORY OF PROJECT 1960s - Informal social workers meetings1960s - Informal social workers meetings 1985 - Formal Social Workers Association 1985 - Formal Social Workers Association

registration in name of Professional Social registration in name of Professional Social Workers' ForumWorkers' Forum

2004 - Re-registration in name of Professional 2004 - Re-registration in name of Professional Social Workers' AssociationSocial Workers' Association

PSWA usersPSWA users Social Work Practitioners (Field & Academic)Social Work Practitioners (Field & Academic) Social Work StudentsSocial Work Students Next Generation StudentsNext Generation Students Social Welfare OrganisationsSocial Welfare Organisations GovernmentGovernment CorporateCorporate MediaMedia General PublicGeneral Public

MembershipMembership Amount :Amount : Rs. 100(Student)225(Annual) Rs. 100(Student)225(Annual) 1,025*(Life)1,025*(Life) Mode:Mode: Cash /Cheque /DD /MO Cash /Cheque /DD /MO(Please add Rs.50/- for outstation Cheques (Please add Rs.50/- for outstation Cheques

METHODS OF SOCIAL WORKMETHODS OF SOCIAL WORK

Unit -3Unit -3

METHODS OF SOCIAL WORKMETHODS OF SOCIAL WORK

Social work as a profession is a product of this century. Although Social work as a profession is a product of this century. Although its roots are well established in history from the time when people its roots are well established in history from the time when people 1st began to take responsibility for their neighbors through 1st began to take responsibility for their neighbors through activities which were called charity, poor relief, philanthropy and activities which were called charity, poor relief, philanthropy and social reform .social reform .

Objective:Objective:

To remove social injustice To remove social injustice To relieve social injustice To relieve social injustice To reduce redress To reduce redress To prevent suffering To prevent suffering To assist the weaker sections To assist the weaker sections To rehabilitate the distress class peopleTo rehabilitate the distress class people

Methods of Social workMethods of Social work

All social work activities are classified into six major categories. All social work activities are classified into six major categories. 1. Social case work1. Social case work2. Social group work2. Social group work3. Community organization3. Community organization4. Social action4. Social action5. Social welfare research5. Social welfare research6. Social welfare administration6. Social welfare administration

1.Social Case Work1.Social Case Work(WORK WITH INDIVIDUALS)(WORK WITH INDIVIDUALS)

Social case work is a method which helps Social case work is a method which helps by counseling the individual client to effect by counseling the individual client to effect better social relationships & a social better social relationships & a social adjustment that makes it possible him to adjustment that makes it possible him to lead a satisfying & useful life. lead a satisfying & useful life.

Gordon Hamilton points out that, “The Gordon Hamilton points out that, “The objective of case work is to administer objective of case work is to administer practical services & offer counseling in such practical services & offer counseling in such a way as to arouse & conserve a way as to arouse & conserve psychological energies of the client activity psychological energies of the client activity to involve him in the use of the service to involve him in the use of the service towards the solution of her/his dilemma.”towards the solution of her/his dilemma.”

2. 2. Social Group WorkSocial Group Work(WORK WITH GROUPS)(WORK WITH GROUPS)

Social group work is an activity which Social group work is an activity which helps to participate in the activities of a helps to participate in the activities of a group for their intellectual, emotional & group for their intellectual, emotional & physical growth and for the attainment of physical growth and for the attainment of desirable goals of the groups. desirable goals of the groups.

Group work as such as a method by which Group work as such as a method by which the group worker enables various types of the group worker enables various types of groups to function in such a manner that groups to function in such a manner that both group interaction & programme both group interaction & programme activities contribute to the growth of the activities contribute to the growth of the individual & the programme activities individual & the programme activities contribute to the growth of the individual contribute to the growth of the individual & the achievement of desirable social & the achievement of desirable social goals. goals.

3. 3. Community OrganizationCommunity Organization

Community organization is the process of Community organization is the process of planning & developing social services in order planning & developing social services in order to meet the health & welfare needs of a to meet the health & welfare needs of a community or larger unit.community or larger unit.

Mildred Barry says,” Community organization Mildred Barry says,” Community organization

in social work is the process of creating & in social work is the process of creating & maintaining a progressively more effective maintaining a progressively more effective adjustment between community resources & adjustment between community resources & commuity welfare needs.”commuity welfare needs.”

4. Social Action4. Social Action

IIt s an organized group process solving general social problems & furthering social welfare objectives by legislative, social, health or economic progress. The term social action refers to organized & legally permitted activities designed to mobiles public opinion, legislation & public administration in favour of objectives believed to be socially desirable.

5. Social Work Research5. Social Work Research

Social work/welfare research systematic Social work/welfare research systematic critically investigation of questions in the critically investigation of questions in the social welfare field with the purpose of social welfare field with the purpose of yielding answares to problems of social yielding answares to problems of social work & of extending generally social work work & of extending generally social work concept. The methods appliesd in social concept. The methods appliesd in social work research have been to a largwe work research have been to a largwe extent derived grom those used in extent derived grom those used in sociology & social psychology as well as in sociology & social psychology as well as in history and Anthropology. history and Anthropology.

6. Social Welfare Administration6. Social Welfare Administration

Social welfare administration process is to Social welfare administration process is to organize & to direct a social agency. The organize & to direct a social agency. The administrative aspects of social work have administrative aspects of social work have to do with the organization & management to do with the organization & management of social agencies public & private, of social agencies public & private, including in those terms general including in those terms general administrative relationships among ubnits administrative relationships among ubnits of the same organization, personal of the same organization, personal problems, questions of finance & so on.problems, questions of finance & so on.

UNIT-3UNIT-3FIELDS OF SOCIAL WORKFIELDS OF SOCIAL WORK

FIELDS OF SOCIAL WORKFIELDS OF SOCIAL WORKChild WelfareChild WelfareYouth WelfareYouth WelfareWomen WelfareWomen WelfareWelfare of the Aged and InfirmWelfare of the Aged and InfirmWelfare of the HandicappedWelfare of the HandicappedSocial DefenceSocial DefenceCommunity WelfareCommunity WelfareMedical and Psychiatric Social WorkMedical and Psychiatric Social WorkINDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORKINDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORK

CHILD WELFARECHILD WELFARE The term “The term “Child WelfareChild Welfare" is used to describe a " is used to describe a

set of government services designed to protect set of government services designed to protect children and encourage family stability. These children and encourage family stability. These typically include investigation of alleged child typically include investigation of alleged child abuse and neglect ("child protective services"), abuse and neglect ("child protective services"), foster care, adoption services, and services foster care, adoption services, and services aimed at supporting at-risk families so they can aimed at supporting at-risk families so they can remain intact ("prevention services" or "family remain intact ("prevention services" or "family preservation services").preservation services").

The Integrated Child Development Services The Integrated Child Development Services Programme aims at providing services to pre-Programme aims at providing services to pre-school children in an integrated manner so as school children in an integrated manner so as to ensure proper growth and development of to ensure proper growth and development of children in rural, tribal and slum areas. ICDS is children in rural, tribal and slum areas. ICDS is a centrally sponsored scheme. a centrally sponsored scheme.

Youth WelfareYouth Welfare The underlying aim of most social welfare The underlying aim of most social welfare

services for young people, apart from services for young people, apart from those services that address immediate those services that address immediate basic needs, is to prepare them for the basic needs, is to prepare them for the assumption of responsible roles in the assumption of responsible roles in the adult world. The majority of programs adult world. The majority of programs provide adult-supervised leisure-time provide adult-supervised leisure-time group activities, which may range from group activities, which may range from cultural and social events to athletics to cultural and social events to athletics to hiking and camping.eg.NCC,NSS,Nehru hiking and camping.eg.NCC,NSS,Nehru Yuva Kendra Yuva Kendra

Women WelfareWomen Welfare

The Department maintains 11 Training -cum-Production Centre and 2 Typewriting Institution. Various Income Generation Activities are provided to around 225 unemployed girls.

Widow Pension is also provided by this Dept. to 464 needy widows @ Rs.350/- per beneficiary. One (1) Working Women Hostel with 32 bedded capacity is maintained by the Department and proposed to establish 3 more Working Women Hostels during 10th Plan. The Department is alsocampaigning against dowry, child marriage, prostitution and immoral traffic.

Welfare of the Aged and InfirmWelfare of the Aged and Infirm

Under this scheme,Under this scheme,    Department of Social Department of Social Welfare, is providing financial assistance to the Welfare, is providing financial assistance to the old aged & infirmed persons / destitute under old aged & infirmed persons / destitute under Manipur Old Age Pension Rules continuously. A Manipur Old Age Pension Rules continuously. A sum of Rs. 100/- p.m has been given to these  old sum of Rs. 100/- p.m has been given to these  old and aged persons as pension. It is preferably and aged persons as pension. It is preferably given to low income group and handicaps (both given to low income group and handicaps (both male and female). male and female). 

Old Age HomesOld Age Homes

To take care of the old and aged person both To take care of the old and aged person both male and female, Govt. is giving grant-in-aid to male and female, Govt. is giving grant-in-aid to Registered NGOS to run the homes.Registered NGOS to run the homes.

Assisting the Government in Policy formulation on the Assisting the Government in Policy formulation on the administration of Juvenile Justice, Prevention and administration of Juvenile Justice, Prevention and combating trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of combating trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation of children and women.children and women.

Running programmes and activities for children in difficult Running programmes and activities for children in difficult circumstance like street children, children of prostitutes circumstance like street children, children of prostitutes and children from families whose parents are infected by and children from families whose parents are infected by communicable diseases like HIV / AIDs.communicable diseases like HIV / AIDs.

Ensuring protection and development of children and Ensuring protection and development of children and women from significant harm through institutional, non-women from significant harm through institutional, non-institutional and out-reach programmes.institutional and out-reach programmes.

Co-ordination and networking with allied systems like Co-ordination and networking with allied systems like Police, Judiciary, Civil society, NGOs, Corporate sector etc., Police, Judiciary, Civil society, NGOs, Corporate sector etc., to ensure protection and development of children and to ensure protection and development of children and women who are living in vulnerable condition.women who are living in vulnerable condition.

Running and Maintaining of child care institutions like Running and Maintaining of child care institutions like Observation Homes, Special Homes, Shelter Homes, drop in Observation Homes, Special Homes, Shelter Homes, drop in centres, children's homes etc., centres, children's homes etc.,

Social DefenceSocial Defence

Community WelfareCommunity Welfare

We are all social beings. We live in society We are all social beings. We live in society and generally prefer to do so. Like us, all and generally prefer to do so. Like us, all members of society desire to have the members of society desire to have the facilities of life and peace of mind. The facilities of life and peace of mind. The noble people live in society only with the noble people live in society only with the inspiring idea that all people in society inspiring idea that all people in society should have their due share of happiness should have their due share of happiness and benefits. It is through them that the and benefits. It is through them that the spirit of community welfare evolves in the spirit of community welfare evolves in the society society

Helping the handicapped persons to fully Helping the handicapped persons to fully participate in social and national life of the participate in social and national life of the country is one of the important programmes. country is one of the important programmes.

Various states, which provide artificial limbs free Various states, which provide artificial limbs free of cost to needy persons through their centres as of cost to needy persons through their centres as well as by organising camps. well as by organising camps. These centres provide artificial limbs, calipers, These centres provide artificial limbs, calipers, hearing aids, medicines, special shoes, and tri- hearing aids, medicines, special shoes, and tri- cycles. In addition, there are mobile workshops cycles. In addition, there are mobile workshops which manufacture artificial limbs and service. which manufacture artificial limbs and service.

Welfare of the HandicappedWelfare of the Handicapped

Medical and Psychiatric Social WorkMedical and Psychiatric Social Work

In the medical field a Social Worker may be In the medical field a Social Worker may be involved in rehabilitating critically ill patients or involved in rehabilitating critically ill patients or those who face permanent disability. They are those who face permanent disability. They are trained to help people to come in terms with their trained to help people to come in terms with their disabilities and also in counselling and giving disabilities and also in counselling and giving practical assistance to such patients and their practical assistance to such patients and their families.families.

   Psychiatric Social Workers work in child guidance Psychiatric Social Workers work in child guidance

clinics or psychiatric unit of hospitals. They work clinics or psychiatric unit of hospitals. They work with children and adolescents having behavioral with children and adolescents having behavioral problems, phobias, withdrawal symptoms etc. In problems, phobias, withdrawal symptoms etc. In hospitals they work with various kinds of patients hospitals they work with various kinds of patients like those suffering with chronic depression or like those suffering with chronic depression or drug addiction and help the Psychiatrist in finding drug addiction and help the Psychiatrist in finding out the root cause of the problem and thereafter out the root cause of the problem and thereafter continue to work as facilitators in the treatment continue to work as facilitators in the treatment process.process.

The Envisaged Tasks of the Medical Social Worker

The medical social worker is involved in the following areas:

DIRECT SERVICE TO THE CLIENT SYSTEM TEAMWORK ADMINISTRATION TEACHING SUPERVISION SELF-DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY HEALTH

INDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORKINDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORK

Personnel Social Work (HRM) is a systematic way of helping individual and groups towards a better adaptation to the working situation.

Social problems in an enterprise arisewhenever an individual employee or a group and the work situation cannot

adapt to each other.’

HISTORY /HISTORY /Growth of Personnel Function

1931-official administrator 1948- the welfare officer 1960s-Personnel function’ emerged in India 1980s- H.R.D. (Human Resourse

Development) The term ‘personnel’ came to be

widely used to denote the work force of an organisation in the 1960s and 1970s. Today, they are collectively referred to as the ‘human resource’ of the organisation.

ROLES OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORKERSROLES OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIAL WORKERS

According to M.M. Desai, the professionally trainedsocial worker can develop his/her programmes at the followinglevels: Preventive and developmental Curative

Curative

Curative programmes are aimed at handling problem situations faced by the individual worker by helping him to make maximum use of his own potentials and the resources offered by the industry and the community. Counselling to the individual employees and their families can be given for problems, such asalcoholism, indebtedness, and absenteeism, etc.

Preventive and Developmental

1) Informal educational programmes aimed at enlightening the workers on issues pertaining to work life like industrial safety, functional literacy, saving habits, social security, etc.

2) Promoting the use of health and medical programmes for workers and their families (health check-ups, inoculation campaigns, family planning, informative sessions on nutrition, low cost diets, childcare, etc.

3) Personal and environmental hygiene, etc.4) Developing recreational programmes like library services,

prime sports gatherings, various skill competitions, exhibitions, film shows, etc. celebration of cultural

festivals, supplementary income programmes, hobby classes, vocational guidance programmes, etc.

The counselling services can be coupled with concrete assistance by

the way of:

General Areas of Social Work Practice

1) Securing medical help within or outside industry.2) Planning the family budgets.3) Helping employee family members in obtaining

funds.4) Seeking employment for worker’s dependents.5) Referring the worker/his dependents to welfare

agencies in the community like child guidance clinic, marriage counselling bureaus, alcoholic anonymous groups and the like, wherever there is a need

Skills of a Social WorkerSkills of a Social Worker Social workers are involved in a variety of Social workers are involved in a variety of

settings, and with a variety of people. settings, and with a variety of people. SKILLS:SKILLS: Understand the range of issues which Understand the range of issues which

make up the social welfare field make up the social welfare field Direct intervention with individuals, Direct intervention with individuals,

families, groups or community services families, groups or community services supervision, supervision,

Management and administrative skills Management and administrative skills Legislative and policy analysis and Legislative and policy analysis and

development development Advocacy on behalf of individuals, families Advocacy on behalf of individuals, families

or the larger communityor the larger community

SOCIAL WORKERSOCIAL WORKER INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

& & VERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLSVERBAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Interpersonal communication skills and verbal communication skillsInterpersonal communication skills and verbal communication skills are both very significant for Social Work. Communication skills and personality are both very significant for Social Work. Communication skills and personality development are crucial for establishing effectual and reverential relationships development are crucial for establishing effectual and reverential relationships with service users. These skills also play a major role when working with with service users. These skills also play a major role when working with colleagues and other social workers for making decisions and assessments. colleagues and other social workers for making decisions and assessments.

Every practitioner, practicing social work for children, senior citizens and Every practitioner, practicing social work for children, senior citizens and others who are in need of love, compassion and basic necessities of life must others who are in need of love, compassion and basic necessities of life must develop habits for good communication skills. This is because, this is develop habits for good communication skills. This is because, this is something that help in you in your endeavors while fighting for the causes and something that help in you in your endeavors while fighting for the causes and waiting for consequences. waiting for consequences.

Not only your skills, but your level of education and the way you behave with Not only your skills, but your level of education and the way you behave with them is also crucial for a successful career in social work. The current system them is also crucial for a successful career in social work. The current system of education is restricted in imparting the skills and knowledge of of education is restricted in imparting the skills and knowledge of communication. The contribution of children and young people themselves in communication. The contribution of children and young people themselves in teaching and evaluation is very erratic. teaching and evaluation is very erratic.

Assessment of communication skills of men and women 80 is also essential for Assessment of communication skills of men and women 80 is also essential for healthy relationship between peer groups and others around you. So, go ahead healthy relationship between peer groups and others around you. So, go ahead and develop or improve your communication skills for an effective relationship and develop or improve your communication skills for an effective relationship with colleagues and a winning career in social work.with colleagues and a winning career in social work.