Foundation of Organizational Behavior

1Foundation of Organizational Behavior

Smita Choudhary

ContentsIn this chapter you will be able to understand:-

Introduction/Objectives

Biographic characteristics

Ability

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Learning ObjectivesThe learning objectives of this unit are as

follows:-----

1. Biographic characteristics

2. Ability

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Introduction

Organizational behavior give emphasize to intellectual capital.

People are the indispensable human resources.According to A fortune survey(1998) “the single best

predictor of overall success was a company’s ability to attract, motivate, and retain talented people”

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Biographic characteristicsBiographic characteristics includes—

1.Gender2.Age3.Marital status4.Tenure

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1. GenderWomen are reported to be more conforming

than men.Women have lower expectations of success

than men do.Women’s absenteeism rates tend to be higher

than those of men.

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2. Age

Older workers are considered to be inflexible and undesirable in many ways.

In some cases, workers at age forty are considered to be old on opinion that their experience and skills are no longer valued.

On the other hand, small businesses give value to older workers for their experience, stability and low turnover.

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3. Marital status

1. Married employees have fewer absences, undergo less turnover.

2. Married employees are more satisfied with their jobs than their unmarried coworkers.

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4. Tenure (No. of yrs. Of work)

1. There is a positive relationship between tenure and job productivity.

2. There is a negative relationship between tenure to absence.

3. Tenure is also a strong indicator in explaining turnover.

4. The evidence indicates that tenure and satisfaction are positively related.

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Ability

Ability reflects a person’s existing capacity to perform the various tasks needed for a given job and includes both relevant knowledge and skills.

Abilities are the knowledge and skills that an individual currently possess.

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Aptitude

(A) Intellectual Abilities Intellectual abilities are those required to perform mental

activities. IQ tests are designed to judge one’s general intellectual

abilities.Examples of such tests are-------SAT, GMAT, and LAST.

The SAT Reasoning Test (formerly Scholastic Aptitude Test and Scholastic Assessment Test) is a standardized test for college admissions in the United States.

The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is a computer adaptive standardized test in mathematics and the English language for measuring aptitude to succeed academically in graduate business studies.

The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is an examination administered by the Law School Admission Council (LSAC) for prospective law school candidates. It is designed to assess logical and verbal reasoning skills

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Dimension Description Job ExampleNumber aptitude Ability to do speedy

and accurate arithmetic

Accountant

Verbal communication

Read write speaking ability

Senior managers

Perceptual speed Identify similarities and differences quickly and accurately

Investigators

Inductive reasoning Logical sequence drawing

Market researchers

Deductive reasoning Ability to use logic and assess the implications of the argument

Supervisors

Spatial visualization Ability to imagine Interior decorator

Memory Ability to retain and recall past experience

Sales person- remembering customer’s name

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Strength factorsDynamic strength

Ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously

Trunk strength Ability to exert muscular strength using trunk muscles

Static strength Ability to exert force against external objects

Explosive strength

Ability to expend a maximum of energy in explosive acts

Flexibility factorsExtent flexibility Ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as

possible

Dynamic flexibility

Ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements

Other factors

Body coordination

Ability to coordinate simultaneous actions of different parts of the body

Balance ability Ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance

Stamina ability Ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time 13

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