Unit 3 Outline

• Properties of Matter

• Identification of Heat and Transfer

• Classification of Matter

• Calculating Solutions

Unit 2: Properties Unit 2: Properties of Matterof Matter

Physical Property

• Physical Property – a property that can be observed without changing the matter

• Examples:– color - taste - hardness– odor - density– boiling point– melting point– malleability– ductility

• malleable – able to be flattened into a thin sheet or foil

• ductile – able to be pulled into a long thin wire

** all metals are both malleable and ductile

Two types of Physical Properties1. Extensive

-Depends on how much there is -for example: volume, mass, weight, etc…

2. Intensive-Depends on the type of matter NOT how much there is-For example: density, melting/boiling points, color (sometimes), etc…

Chemical Property• Chemical Property –

– the ability of a substance to combine with or change into another substance

– describes how a substance reacts or fails to react with other substances to produce new substances

• Examples– ability to rust or corrode– ability to react with an acid or base– ability to burn (combustion), flammability– oxidation, hydrolysis

States of Matter / Phases of Matter

State Volume Shape

Solid definite definite

Liquid definite takes shape of its container

Gas takes volume of its container

takes shape of its container

State or Phase

Particle level picture

Particles description

Keep Volume

?

Keep shape

?

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Arranged in orderly pattern Yes Yes

Touching, but not tightly packed Yes No

Far apart and rarely touching

No No

State or Phase

Particle Movement

Amount PE Amount KE Example

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Low Ice

Moderate Water

High Vapor

Vibrational only

Vibrational & translational

Move freely

Low

Moderate

High

Plasma – 4th state of matter

- an ionized gas

Physical and Chemical Changes

Does the chemical make-up of the substance actually change?

Changes that can occur to matter

Physical• a change that doesn’t

alter the composition of a substance– Examples: Cut, crumple,

tear, split, bend, crush, grind, and rip

Chemical• an alteration of the

chemical composition of a substance that results in the formation of a new substance

• ALWAYS forms a new substance that has different physical and chemical properties than the original substance.

• Also known as a chemical reaction.

Evidence of a Chemical Change

• change of color (unexpected)• change of odor• production of a gas (bubbles)• production of sound, heat, light• an explosion• formation of a precipitate• disappearance or appearance of a

substance

Phase changes are Physical Changes

• Potential Energy (PE)

energy due to position or condition

at the atomic level refers to the distance between the particles

closer= lower PE farther = higher PE

Potential Energy determines Phase of Matter

• Kinetic Energy (KE)

energy due to motion

Faster=higher KE Slower= lower KE

Kinetic Energy determines Temperature

Energy & Phase Changes

• Adding or removing energy (heat) to a substance can cause it to phase change

• During a phase change, temperature does not change

Heating Curve of Water

Solid

Melting Liqui

d

AB

-heat Δ KE

-move faster

-temp. -solid

BC

-heat Δ PE

-get farther apart

-temp. stay same

-melting

CD

-heat Δ KE

-move faster

-temp. -liquid

Boiling

Gas

DE

-heat Δ PE

-get farther apart

-temp. stay same

-boiling

EF

-heat Δ KE

-move faster

-temp.

-gas

A

BC

DE

F

AB

-KE

-slows down

-temp.

-Gas

BC

-PE

-closer together

-temp. stays same

-Condensation

CD

-KE

-slows down

-temp.

-Liquid

A

BC

DE

F

DE

-PE

-closer together

-temp. stays same

-Freezing

EF

-KE

-slows down

-temp.

-Solid

Boiling

Boiling Point

MeltingMelting Point

FreezingFreezing Point &

What is the boiling point?

What is the melting point?

What is the freezing point?

If melting & freezing points are at the same temperature. . . how do you know which is which?

It depends on whether adding or removing energy!

What is this substance?-Water

How do you know?-Boiling & melting & freezing

points of water

Pre Lab questions

1. Sketch a basic, hypothesized Heating Curve of Lauric Acid.

2. Sketch a basic, hypothesized Cooling Curve of Lauric Acid

3. Sketch a diagram of the set-up for this laboratory.

4. If you spill Lauric Acid on your skin what is the procedure for cleansing it.