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Review: Proclamation of 1763
• Colonials were forbidden to settle west of the line
• Colonials already settled west of the line were ordered to remove themselves at once
• 10,000 British troops were sent to the colonies to enforce the law
• Attempt to gain better control of colonists
Writs of assistance
Colonists supported the boycott
of the non-importation agreements
Townshend Acts were repealed on
everything but Tea
• Amendment 3– Lodging Troops in Private Homes
• Limits the government’s right to use private homes to house soldiers – must have consent of the owner
Tea Act of 1773
• Gave the British East India Company a monopoly
• To put smugglers out of business
• Lowered the price of tea for colonists
Taxation Summary
• British Parliament passed acts to:– Pay for the French and Indian War– Pay for colonial defense and administration– Regain control over the colonists
• Colonists thought these actions infringed upon their rights as English citizens
• Parliament passed Coercive Acts in 1774
• Colonists called these the Intolerable Acts
– Parliament shut down the port of Boston– Set up new charter (system of govt) for Mass.– Passed new Quartering Act
• Amendment 3– Lodging Troops in Private Homes
• Limits the government’s right to use private homes to house soldiers – must have consent of the owner
Added because of Quartering Acts passed by England for the colonies
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
“Now listen my children and you shall hear of the midnight ride of Paul Revere.”
American Revolution began on April 19, 1775at Lexington and Concord
1775 England ColoniesWeapons & supplies Had all they needed Next to none
Armies Biggest in world Next to none
Navy Largest in world None
Money Richest in world
(biggest country)
Next to nothing
Biggest advantage Americans had: fighting on their own soil, they knew the terrain.
First big battle of the American Revolution
• Fort Ticonderoga– Colonists got their first cannon here– Control of key route into Canada
Declaration of Independence
3 main parts1. Basic rights upon which the United States of
America was founded
2. British wrongs were listed to show why the
colonists had the right to rebel
3. An independent nation – the Declaration proclaimed the colonies had become the
United States of America
• Patriots– People who wanted colonists to win
the revolution
• Loyalists– People who wanted England to win
the revolution
Benjamin Franklin
• Sent by Continental Congress to Paris in 1776
• His mission:
To persuade French King Louis XVI to help the Americans
• Wanted help from France
– Weapons
– Supplies
• Wanted France to declare war on Britain
– France had a strong navy
Continental Congress
France
• Still angry with Britain over defeat in French and Indian War
• King did not want to openly help Americans unless they could win
• Victory at Saratoga convinced France to become an ally of the U.S.
France
• February 1778, France became first nation to sign a treaty with U.S.
– Recognized U.S. as a nation
– Agreed to provide military aid
European Help
• France declared war on England
• Spain declared war on England
• Holland declared war on England
Treaty of Paris
• Britain recognized U.S. as independent nation
• U.S. borders extended from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River
• Florida was returned to Spain
• Americans agreed to ask state legislatures to pay Loyalists for property they lost during the war
American Revolution – Causes & Effects
CAUSES1. Proclamation of 1763 stops colonists from moving west.
2. Parliament taxes the colonies to pay British war debts.
3. Intolerable Acts set up harsh rule in Massachusetts.
EFFECTS1. Colonies declare independence.
2. Britain recognizes U.S. independence.
3. U.S. borders extend to Florida and to Mississippi River.
4. George Washington emerges as a leader.
The Articles of Confederation The Constitution
• Unicameral– Each state one vote
• 9 of 13 states approve laws
• No executive branch
• No judicial branch
• Only states can tax• Each state can coin money• Each state can regulate trade
with other states• Each state can act
independently
• Bicameral– Senate and House of Reps
• Majority of each house approves laws
• Executive branch, headed by President, carries out laws
• Judicial branch, headed by Supreme Court, interprets laws
• Congress can tax• Only Congress can coin
money• Only Congress can regulate
trade between states• States accept Constitution as
supreme law of land
Timeline Review
• 1775: Second Continental Congress– First met in response to the Intolerable Acts– Governed the U.S. for 6 years
• 1781: Articles of Confederation– Effective March 1– Power to:
• Have an army• Declare war• Deal with Native Americans• Start a mail service• Borrow money• Ask states for money to run national
government
Timeline Review
• 1781: Articles of Confederation– Trouble right away
• No power to:– Tax people to raise money– Settle arguments between states– Control trade among states
• Large states angry that smaller states had same amount of power in Congress
• 1783: Treaty of Paris– Ended American Revolution
Timeline Review
• 1787: Constitutional Convention
– In June, George Washington headed meeting of leaders in Philadelphia to improve Articles of Confederation
– They decided instead to write a new plan for government
– James Madison, historian
Timeline Review
• 1787: Constitutional Convention
– Three-fifths (3/5) Compromise
– Allowed slave trade for at least 20 years
– On September 17, the new Constitution of U.S. was completed
– James Madison – Father of U.S. Constitution
Timeline Review
• 1787: Constitution– Thomas Jefferson suggested adding Bill of Rights
• To help protect rights of Americans
– 9 of 13 states had to ratify Constitution for it to become effective
• 1789: U.S. Constitution Ratified– Became the law
– George Washington became 1st President on April 30
George Washington John Adams 1st President 1st Vice President
George Washington had great power, but not nearly as much as a king
• Amendment 1– Freedoms of Religion, Speech, Press,
Assembly, and Petition• Protects 5 basic rights• This amendment has caused great debate about
“separation of church and state” in the teaching of evolution versus “intelligent design” in public schools
European Help
Thaddeus Kosciusko
Bernardo de Galvez
Marquis de Lafayette
Friedrich von Steuben
Casimir Pulaski
French
Prussian
Mexican
Polish