UNIT 4CHAPTER 16

SECTION 1

The Iberian Peninsula

(Spain & Portugal)

(pg 349-353)

Only 8 miles separate Morocco, Africa from the

Iberian Peninsula at the Strait of Gibraltar

Spain and Portugal Pyrenees Mountains and the

microstate Andorra separates it from France

Andorra

Pyrenees

Spain

Africa

Spain surrounded by water = great sea faring country

SpainHISTORY & GOVERNMENT

Analyze how past events have affected Spain.

700 AD- Arabic people from Africa called Moors invaded Iberia (brought Islamic religion, irrigation, new crops)

1492-Moors forced out by Christians

1500’s – use navy to build world wide empire

1800’s – lost most of empire, fought many wars

about monarchy vs. democracy = civil war in 1936

1939-1975- Francisco Franco rules as dictator of Spain

1975-Today-constitutional monarchy

(17 regions have autonomy or self government)

• Government: Constitutional Monarchy

• Language: Spanish (Castilian, Basque & Catalan) (dev from Roman Latin + Arabic)

• Religion: Roman Catholic

• Cities: Madrid, Barcelona

• Culture: plazas, Moorish influence (horseshoe arches, geometric designs, names of places-p 354)

SpainPEOPLE & CULTURE

• Economy: clothing, ships, cars, tourism (traffic, pollution, overbuilding), agriculture (olive oil & wine, Valencia oranges)(corn, potatoes, tomatoes imported from their Am colonies)

• EU: joined 1986 (with Portugal)

SpainECONOMY

• Unemployment

• Immigration (North Africans looking for jobs-none found)

• Independence

Movements (Basques between Bay of Biscay & Pyrenees in northern Spain)

SpainISSUES & CHALLENGES

• Roman rule

• Moorish rule

• Established colonies

around the world

• Language: Portuguese (dev from Roman Latin + Arabic)

PortugalHISTORY & CULTURECompare & contrast Portugal & Spain.

• Government: Democratic• EU: joined 1986 (with Spain)• Cities: Lisbon• Economy: tourism, cork, wine• Issues: Immigrants from northern Africa

PortugalECONOMY

UNIT 4CHAPTER 16

SECTION 2

The Italian Peninsula

(Italy)

(pg. 355-359 )

Italy

ITALY• Sicily & Sardinia

• North boundary –the Alps

• Known for architecture,

• literature, music, painting, sculpture

San Marino – the oldest city and one of two microstate

in the regions; 300’s – Christians

seeking to escape persecution; 23 sq miles

The Vatican – smallest country in the world

(109 acres) (bank, post office, radio station)

Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

ITALIAN PENINSULAITALIAN PENINSULA

The Vatican

San Marino

• Roman Empire dominated the region’s history

Gladiator fights were population at the Colosseum

ITALY

ItalyHISTORY

Analyze how Italy’s history has affected it’s culture

• 500 BC-Roman Republic (Rome one of 1st cities to have more than 1 million people)Spread laws, language (Romance languages-French, Italian, Portuguese, Catalan, Romanian & Spanish), architecture, urban life, Christianity (Rome houses Roman Catholic Church in Vatican City)

• Trade brought wealth (from new products and crafts) and new ideas (innovations)

• 400’s-collapse of Western Roman Empire• 1300-1500’s-Renaissance “rebirth” (daVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael)• 1861-Italy becomes a united country• WWI-fought with Allies (US, Eng, France)• 1920-rise of Benito Mussolini• WWII-fought with Axis powers (Italian Benito Mussolini allied with German Adolf Hitler)

• 1943-Mussolini overthrown• 1943-Today-Democracy with changing governments• 1958-help found the EU (one of 6 founding countries in 1958- Benelux, Italy, France Germany)

ItalyPEOPLE & CULTURE

• Language: Italian (North-French, German, Slovene)

• Religion: Roman Catholic• Cities: Rome on Tiber River (political & cultural center)

• Government: Democracy (no political majority =50 governments

since WWII)

• Food: pastas, pastries, sauces, sausages (developed during Renaissance)

• Main meal at middle day, siesta, spend time with family & friends end of the day

North Italy

South Italy

ItalyNORTH & SOUTH

Describe what Italy is like today.

North Italy – rich and industrializedNorth-Po River Valley=

good farmland =“breadbasket of Italy”

Today known for fine Leather & sports cars

South Italy – poor and agriculturehigh poverty & unemployment, poor

economy, soil erosion & deforestation; olives, citrus, grapes; less industry

Sicily is where much of the food we enjoy comes from

Where the mob comes from as well

ItalyISSUES & CHALLENGES

• Southern Economy needs to be improved

• Aging Population (low birthrates, no young workers to replace older ones, immigration adds to

population)

• Pollution (traffic-limits # of trucks that can drive through historic center, smog, wear and tear to monuments)

Tower of Pisa

Venice Italy

When bad goes good.

UNIT 4CHAPTER 16

SECTION 3

Greece & the Balkan Peninsula

(Albania Bulgaria Romania Moldova Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Slovenia Macedonia Croatia Bosnia-Herzegovina,)

(pg 360-365)

GREECE

Parthenon built in 400 B.C. to Greek goddess Athena

• Surrounded by the Aegean, Crete, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas

• Europe’s earliest and most advanced civilizations

• The Olympics (near Mount Olympus, Greece’s highest peak) and Marathons were started here, as well as Math and Democracy

• City-state – powerful self-governing cities

GreeceHISTORY

History of foreign rule:• Persians

• Romans

• Turks

• Independence (1829)

• Civil War (after WWII)

• Democratic Government (1974)

Greece CULTURE, ECONOMY, ISSUES

• Language: Greek• Religion: Greek Orthodox Christian (They had different views on topics such as the use of images (icons), the nature of the Holy Spirit, and the date on which Easter

should be celebrated. Greek East has always tended to be more philosophical, abstract and mystical in its thinking)

• Food: baklava (Turkish food)• Economy: move from agriculture to industrial• EU: joined 1981• Challenges: illegal immigrants from Albania, traffic,

pollution (smog)• Economic Issues

BALKAN PENINSULA

• Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and Macedonia. Outer region; Bosnia, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, and coming soon Turkey

• This region has a large mix of ethnic enclaves – A region completely

surrounded by another region

Balkan CountriesHISTORY

WEST BALKANS• Ottoman Turks• Independence–form

Yugoslavian monarchy

• Soviet Union control until 1980

• Fights for independence

EAST BALKANS• Romans• Byzantines• Ottoman Turks• Independence –late

1800s• Soviet Union control

until 1990s