Unit 4, Day 2Genetics & Human DevelopmentThu, Jan 17th (Block, 115 Min)Fri, Jan 18th (Block, 100 Min)

Homework Due Today (0 min) - Stamp

•Mendelian Genetics YouTube Video Notes & Problems (35.F)

Daily Question (35.A) – 5 min

• Describe what your ideal

child would look like and

what they would be good

at (or what they would

care about) – sports,

school, environment,

family, etc. Why do you

want these characteristics

in your child?

Essential Skills and Knowledge (35.A) – 1 min• 2.1.D (Mendelian Genetics) I can describe the genetic

basis for Mendel’s laws of segregation and independent assortment.

• 2.1.E (Punnett Squares) I can utilize Mendelian genetics to create and analyze monohybrid and dihybrid Punnett squares.

• 2.1.F (Phenotype and Genotype) I can predict the probably outcome of phenotypes in a genetic cross from the genotypes of the parents and mode of inheritance (autosomal or X-linked, dominant or recessive).

Homework CFU – 3 min

• Question #1 – Set up a monohybrid Punnett Square and answer the

following problem: In guinea pigs, short hair, “S”, is dominant to

long hair, “s”. One guinea pig is “Ss” and one is “ss”.

• What is the probability percentage of guinea pig offspring that will

have short hair? Long hair?

• What is the probability percentage that the guinea pig offspring will

be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive?

Homework CFU – 5 min

• Question #2 – Set up a DIHYBRID Punnett Square

and answer the following problem: In guinea pigs,

black fur, “B”, is dominant to white fur, “b”, and

rough fur, “R”, is dominant to smooth fur, “r”.

• Cross a parent who is heterozygous for BOTH traits

with a parent that is homozygous dominant for

BOTH traits.

Investigation Before Explanation (6 min)•Rock, Paper, Scissors, Lizard, Spock•https://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=iapcKVn7DdY•We did Rock v. Paper in the video•What would happen if things got more

complex?

Just as that got complex…

•Genetics is more complex than Mendel thought

•There are a lot of exceptions to Mendelian genetics.

Incomplete Dominance (5 min)Teacher Notes Student Practice

• Heterozygous genotype = phenotypes BLEND (dom. allele doesn’t fully inhibit)

• Cap, letters for both alleles!

1. WW (white) snapdragon X RR (red) snapdragon. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring?

2. Two heterozygous snapdragons are crossed. Genotypes & phenotypes of offspring?

Codominance (5 min)Teacher Notes Student Practice

• Heterozygous genotype = shows both phenotypes at the same time.

• Use capital letters for both alleles!

3. A black cat (BB) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes?

4. A tabby cat (BT) is crossed with a tan cat (TT). Genotypes & phenotypes?

Polygenic Traits (5 min)Teacher Notes

• Det. by 2 or more gene pairs

• Ex: Immune system, skin color, hair, eyes, weight.

• Bell curve.

5. Flip a coin six times. Record number of heads and tails that result at your table.

▫ ______ T, _______ H6. Class Data

▫ 0 T, 6 H:▫ 1 T, 5 H:▫ 2 T, 4 H:

3 T, 3 H:4 T, 2 H:5 T, 1 H:6 T, 0 H:

Multiple Alleles (5 min)Teacher Notes

• More than 2 alleles for one trait exist

• Blood type▫ 4 possible phenotypes:

A, B, AB, O▫ 3 alleles:

IA = Type A (dom) IB = Type B (dom) i = Type O (rec)

7. Homozygous Type A blood (IAIA) X Homozygous Type B blood (IBIB). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring? What is the result an example of?

8. Heterozygous A blood (IAi) X Heterozygous Type B blood (IBi). Phenotype and genotypes of offspring?

Karyotype

Sex-Linked Genes (5 min)Teacher Notes Student Practice

• Female = XX• Male = XY• X-linked genes:

hemophilia, red-green color blindness, etc.

• XA or Xa

9. Child’s sex probability?

10. Female carrier of red-green color blindness (XAXa) X male non-carrier (XAY). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers?

11. Male with red-green color blindness (XaY) X female non-carrier (XAXA). Probability of boys/girls having it? Carriers?

Wrap-Up (2 min)

• Incomplete Dominance: Traits BLEND

• Codominance: Both phenotypes are shown

• Polygenic Traits: 2 or more gene PAIRS

• Multiple Alleles: More than 2 possible alleles for one trait

• Sex-Linked Traits: On the X chromosome

▫ There are Y-linked traits (ear hair), but the Y chromosome

is super small and it’s biggest purpose is to turn a female

into a male (all of us start as females!)

Project Activity (30 min)

• Creating your baby!

• If you show the DOMINANT phenotype, assume you

are HETEROZYGOUS. (Recessive = homozygous

recessive)

• For polygenic traits (skin color, hair color, eye

color): choose the most accurate one for you.

• There are some incomplete dominance traits: again,

choose the most accurate one for you.

How to determine your child!

•To determine the allele you pass onto your child, flip a coin.

•In general, Heads = dominant, Tails = recessive.

• If you are homozygous recessive, you do not need to flip the coin (100% chance).

•Example: XX (mom) and XY (dad)▫Only father flips, X = tails, Y = heads▫Mom will always pass on X allele

Examples

•Round face (RR, Rr) and square face (rr)▫You have a round face? Choose Rr, NOT RR▫You have a square face? Choose rr.▫If: Mom is Rr and Dad is rr

Mom flips heads R Dad doesn’t need to flip r

•Curly hair (CC), Wavy (Cc), Straight (cc)▫Mom = CC, Dad = Cc

Mom doesn’t need to flip C Dad flips tails c

Rr

Cc

To determine YOUR polygenic traits…

Skin Color Hair Color

• Very dark black (AABBCC)• Very dark brown

(AABBCc)• Dark brown (AABbCc)• Medium brown (AaBbCc)• Light brown (AaBbcc)• Light tan (Aabbcc)• Pale white (aabbcc)

• Black (AABBCCDD)• Very dark brown

(AABBCCDd)• Dark brown (AABBCcDd)• Brown (AABbCcDd)• Light brown (AaBbCcDd)• Honey blond (AaBbCcdd)• Blond (AaBbccdd)• Very light blond

(Aabbccdd)• White (aabbccdd)

Examples

•Skin Color•Mom is dark brown (AABbCc)

▫Mom doesn’t need to flip for “a” trait A▫Mom flips for “b” trait B▫Mom flips for “c” trait c

•Dad is medium brown (AaBbCc)▫Dad flips for “a” trait a▫Dad flips for “b” trait B▫Dad flips for “c” trait c

AaBBcc

3 Capitals =Medium Brown

Baby’s Name

•Must be appropriate•There are several baby names that are

actually illegal in our world. If need be, I can act as the legal authority.▫Examples: Talula Does The Hula, Venerdi

(Friday in Italian), Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116, Gesher (Bridge in Norwegian), Chow Tow, Smelly Head, @, Miatt (didn’t show if boy or girl), Anus, Devil

If your partner is not in this class…•You will compile your data later. Just do

your coin flips!

When you are finished…

•Answer the conclusion questions on page 46!

Digital Portfolio

•You must scan or type up this document as your justification for your child’s appearance!

Work Time (30 min)

•Photos•Journal Entries

Homework

•dp.davincischools.org/staff/blarkin▫“Homework Spring ‘13”▫Reproduction and Prenatal Development▫Take notes, do questions ▫To make your life easier, you can subscribe

to my YouTube channel•Suggestion: begin working on child’s

photos