Unit #4Unit #4 Grant & Grant & Proposal WritingProposal Writing

Technical WritingTechnical Writing

20132013

Goals; Guidelines; Team Project; Genre

Two broad goals for this Two broad goals for this unitunit

1.1. To gain an understanding of the To gain an understanding of the genres associated with the social act genres associated with the social act of of ““proposing,proposing,”” especially proposing especially proposing projects in organizational settingsprojects in organizational settings

2.2. To gain an understanding of how best To gain an understanding of how best to coordinate the various genres of to coordinate the various genres of proposing in order to successfully proposing in order to successfully persuade others to support our persuade others to support our projectsprojects

““A Genre System ViewA Genre System View””““Connor’s (2000) study hints at this interactive

nature of grant funding genres, as she claims that the genre of a grant proposal does not exist in isolation but is part of a system of interacting genres” (pp. 22-23). Connor’s statement suggests that grant writers require knowledge of multiple genres spanning a variety of rhetorical contexts and discourse communities. Yet, despite the crucial role of grant genres in the production of knowledge and the complexity of the grant-writing genre system, these interacting genres have yet to be studied.”

Tardy, p.2

Tardy & You…Tardy & You…““Exploration of this [grant proposal] genre

system is the focus of this article.” Tardy, p.2

In the midterm, you will conduct your own exploration of the genre system of proposal writing, choosing a site to investigate that will inform your own forays (present or future) into grant writing.

TardyTardy’’s Questionss Questions

What genres and communities interact to form the genre system of proposal writing for seeking space in…

What are the roles and functions of this genre system?

What type of knowledge does participation in the text genres and genre system require of grant writers and how do these writers develop such knowledge?You’ll want to modify and add to

these to suit your own project

WhatWhat’’s a s a ““genre genre system?system?””

3 key assumptions for Tardy:

• Genres are social action; typified responses to recurring situations

• Genres are used and work together, creating a kind of interactive system

• Specialized knowledge is required to use genres and to act within genre systems

How do you study genres How do you study genres as social action?as social action?

Tardy used the following methods

• Interviews with writers

• Analysis of documents – samples of the various genres used

Note that these methods tend to yield a retrospective account of the social action. That is, we see and learn from the results of action or from accounts of action given by the writer.

What should you watch What should you watch for in your future for in your future

career?career?Evidence of…

The specialized knowledge required to use genres and act in genre systems.

• what genres are used?

• in what sequence?

• for what purposes?

• in what situations?

• what genres are required or optional?

• what patterns of use lead to success?

Individual moves Community rules

Propose a Midterm Propose a Midterm ProjectProject

Your goal in this assignment is to Your goal in this assignment is to identify a major project. You will be identify a major project. You will be responsible for defining the project, responsible for defining the project, thinking about different sources of thinking about different sources of support, and creating all the support, and creating all the necessary materials to secure necessary materials to secure support from those sources.support from those sources.

You may seek support for a project of You may seek support for a project of your own, or you may do so on your own, or you may do so on behalf of an organization you have behalf of an organization you have a relationship with.a relationship with.

Your deliverables…Your deliverables…1. Letter of Introduction, Title Page, Table of Contents

2. Background, Methodology, Qualifications, Benefits

I will be sending a second PPT this week. It will explore the six generic slots of the proposal genre (listed above). For now, decide which of the team’s project ideas you would most like to use as your team’s midterm assignment.

Choose something Choose something smallsmallThe issue you choose to build your proposal

around should not be a major one. You will have to wrap it up in a short amount of time.

Examples:

I will send examples via email.

When is it due?When is it due? June 23rd, 11:59 p.m.

Note: this means that the proposing should be wrapped up in time for you to edit and revise.

Instructor’s Caution: Instructor’s Caution: Proposals are not ReportsProposals are not Reports

Proposals argue “here is how we would go about answering your question.”

Reports (e.g. recommendation reports) argue “this is our answer to the overriding question”

The lesson: proposals explain how to answer a question…they don’t give the answer. A report gives the answer.

Choose something Choose something appropriateappropriate

Option 1: Proposing a new review process ISUComm center technical reports series.

Not “here’s what the process should look like” but “here’s how we should go about determining the best process”

Option 3: Proposing a cleaning schedule for fraternity house public rooms, kitchen, and bathrooms.

Not “here’s the new cleaning schedule” but “here’s how we can create a cleaning schedule that everyone can live with”

E-mailE-mail IMIMf2f/f2f/

phonephone OtherOther TotalTotal

Red teamRed team 2727 00 1010 11 3838

Purple Purple teamteam 5757 55 22 00 6464

Communication for Two Student Teams

These teams were writing a proposal for a new technical product. Their task was to show that their design was state-of-the-art.

You know your idea is You know your idea is good when…good when…

You are proposing methods to answer a question, not reporting results that come from performing those methods.

You don’t know the answer already.

You can’t get to the answer by yourself; you need the cooperation of the people you are proposing the idea to.

Tardy: a good guideTardy: a good guide““grant proposals function within a larger

system of documents with which writers interact as they navigate through the grant-writing process. Documents such as letters of intent and grant-writing guidelines, as well as face-to-face interactions with program officers, are all interconnected genres within the grant-writing process.” Tardy, p. 11

How should I collect documents?

What should I watch for?

What Motivates Writers of What Motivates Writers of Proposals?Proposals?

“The sense of purpose that shapes strategy is something more concrete, more immediate, and less encompassing: it is not generic but operational. Generic purposes are ideal and therefore simple…Operational purposes are specific to real situations and often quite complex.”

What Motivates You?What Motivates You?Possibly:

•Solving a problem or performing a task according the instructor’s directions

•Impressing (or refusing to impress) the instructor

•Receiving an acceptable grade

•Revealing or concealing real attitudes, opinions, beliefs

•Creating or sustaining an acceptable self-image

•Receiving peer approval or avoiding disapproval

Logical Structure of Proposals

Introducing The Baseline Introducing The Baseline LogicLogic

Current situationCurrent situation Desired Desired ResultResult

BenefitsBenefits

More to come on Baseline Logic

The The ““slotsslots””

SituationSituation ObjectivesObjectives MethodsMethods QualificationsQualifications CostsCosts Assessment PlanAssessment Plan BenefitsBenefits

All slots must be filled, but slots are not always sections and they don’t necessarily proceed in this order.

Drafting your p1 proposalDrafting your p1 proposalSituationSituation

ObjectivesObjectives

MethodsMethods

QualificationsQualifications

CostsCosts

Assessment PlanAssessment Plan

BenefitsBenefits

Slots in yellow are well-defined by the project description in your notes.

Slots in white are made up of new information that you must provide.

The Situation slot is a combination of info you were given, and info you must provide.

Style: PIP : A fractal Style: PIP : A fractal organization scheme for organization scheme for

proposingproposing

Persuade

Inform

Persuade

Try it: proposing an Try it: proposing an activityactivity

Persuade

Inform

Persuade

To ensure that our visualizations are usable, we will invite two expert reviewers from the field of information visualization to comment and give feedback on the design. Paul Dourish & Barbara Mirel are two leading researchers in the areas of information visualizationa and computer-supported cooperative work. Both have agreed to support this project by serving as reviewers. We believe that with the help of Mirel & Dourish, our visualization tool can be integrated into the work practice of proposal writers who have not previously used self-analytic tools to improve their performance.

Scaled up: PIP for methods slot Scaled up: PIP for methods slot

Persuade

Inform

Persuade

Line of Argument: Here is a methodological approach that has been shown to be sound in these previous studies/projects.

Line of Argument: We are using the methodological approach, adapting for our specific project in these ways.

Line of Argument: Based on our pilot study and previous published work, here are the positive outcomes we expect that match with the goals stated in the RFP. (e.g. replicability, validity, etc.)

Scaled down: PIP elevator speechScaled down: PIP elevator speech

Persuade

Inform

Persuade

Some colleagues of mine and I are working on a way to improve proposal writing success by visualizing the proposing process.

We depict proposing process as chains of communication events rather than tasks.

Task-based visualizations are not detailed enough, we find, because knowledge work tasks are themselves made up of communication events - sometimes many of them!