Unit 4 Guided Notes

7/28/2019 Unit 4 Guided Notes

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Unit 4: Force and Motion

Lesson 1 Force

What is the name of the English scientist who investigated and explained force and motion through 3

different laws?

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Define Force:

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The SI Unit used to measure force is

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What words can we use describe the direction of force?

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Universal force that every mass exerts and pulls objects to the earth is ____

Define friction

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Which of the four types of force does each arrow in the diagram represent? Label each side of the

diagram.

What direction would the object be moved in?

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What type of force causes motion? Circle one: Balanced Unbalanced

Using the above diagram, what would happen to the wheelbarrow, when you first started pushing it, if

the force due to friction were 400 N?

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What is the net force in each example?

Draw a force diagram to illustrate one of the scenarios listed on your screen: electromagnet exerting

force on the car, a skydiver falling through the air, or boat moving through the water.


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Lesson 2 Gravitational Force

Define Gravity:

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Define Mass:

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Define weight

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How are mass and weight different?

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Gravitational force between objects _______________________________ as objects move farther

apart. Gravitational force _______________________________ between objects that are closer

together.

What are the 3 parts of the Universal Law of Gravitation?

1.

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2.

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3.

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Lesson 3 Motion

Define the 3 motion types

Translational:

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Rotational:

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Vibrational:

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Draw an example of a coordinate system and a reference point.

__________________________ is how far an object travels.

Define displacement:

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What is the mathematical formula to calculate displacement?

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What is the formula to calculate a change in time?

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Lesson 5 Speed and Velocity

_______________________________ is the rate of motion.

What is the formula to calculate speed? S= /

In this formula,

s represents average speed

drepresents total distance

trepresents total time

Practice problems on screen:

1. A cheetah has a top speed of about 31 meters/second (m/s) or approximately (~) 70 miles per hour

(mph). Suppose that during a hunt, a cheetah runs 700 m in 35 s before catching its prey. We can

calculate the cheetahs average speed by using this formula: s = d / t

2. During a track meet, Sarah ran 400 m in 80 s. What was her average speed?

3. What is the average speed of a jet plane that travels 7200 km in 10 hours?

Velocity Definition:

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What is the formula that represents velocity? ___________________________________________

vrepresents average velocity

xrepresents the objects change in position, or

displacement

trepresents change in time

Practice problems:

1. Shayla goes for a hike on a trail that is 5 km long. She starts at 3 pm and ends at 5 pm. The end of the

trail is 300 m south of the beginning of the trail. What is Shaylas average velocity?

2. Ken swims 100 m to one end of the pool in 20 seconds. He swims back in 25 seconds.

a. What was Kens average speed for the first leg of the swim?

b. What was Kens velocity for the first leg?

c. What was Kens average speed for the entire swim?

d. What was Kens average velocity for the entire swim?

Lesson 6 Measuring Speed and Velocity

Remember these formulas:

s = d/ t

average speed = total distance / total time

v= x/ t

average velocity = displacement / change in time

If the movement of an object is in one dimension (such as along a straight line), velocity can be

described as either ___________________ or ______________________ in relation to a reference

point.


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PRACTICE PROBLEMS:

1. Using the formulas below, calculate the speed and velocity using the following information:

Suppose a model car moves to the left (negative direction) 60 cm in 12 seconds.

Speed: s = d/ t

Velocity: v = x/ t

2. Sam takes his dog for a walk on a 5 km trail around a lake. They begin walking eastward at

the head of the trail and continue all the way around the lake. The table on your screen in the

OLS shows the position and time data for Sams walk. Use the table to answer the following

questions.

What was Sams average speed for 2 km?

What was his average velocity from 0 km to 2 km?

What was Sams average speed for the entire walk?

What was his average velocity?

Now when we rearrange the formula, what is the formula for calculating distance?

d =

Use this formula to solve the two problems below.

1. If a car travels at an average speed of 50 mph for 2.5 h, how many miles does it travel?

2. How far does a person travel when walking at a pace of 4 miles per hour for 3.5 hours?

Lastly, how can we switch the formula around again to solve for time?

t =

Use this formula to solve the two problems below.

1. If a car travels at an average speed of 80 km/h for 440 km, how much time does it take the

car to travel this distance?


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2. A jet airliner with an average speed of 850 km/h flies a distance of 9880 km. How long will

the flight take?

Lesson 8 Acceleration

Define acceleration:

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Formula for calculating the average acceleration: a= /

When an object moves in one dimension (along a straight line) in the positive direction, and its velocityincreases over time (it speeds up), its acceleration is _________________________________.

Define deceleration

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Lesson 9 Newtons First Law

Newtons First Law Is: A body.

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Define inertia

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The force between two surfaces or the force of a surrounding environment, like air, that opposes

motion is called ____________________________________________.


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Take notes in the space below while solving for the airplane flight scenario in your OLS.

Lesson 11 Newtons Second Law

Newtons Second Law states: When an unbalanced forced

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What is the formula to describe the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration?

F= /

F= unbalanced force (N)

m = mass (kg)

a = acceleration (m/s2)

Now can you show how to solve for mass and acceleration by rearranging the formula?

m=

a =

Note to remember: Acceleration and force are directly proportional.


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Lesson 12 Newtons Third Law

Friendly reminders

A force is a push or a pull. An unbalanced force changes an objects motion. Objects have inertia and resist forces that try to change their motion. Friction is the force between two surfaces that opposes motion. Unbalanced forces cause objects to accelerate according to the equation: F = ma.

The third law states: If one object exerts a force

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Another way of stating Newtons Third Law of Motion is that for every action, there is

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Lesson 13: Buoyant Forces

Define buoyancy:

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The upward force exerted on an object which is immersed in a fluid is called

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In order for an object to float in a fluid, its weight (which is a force) must be ___________________than

the buoyant force exerted by the fluid

What is Archimedes Principle?

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If the density of an object is greater than the density of a fluid, it will ________________________in the

fluid.

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Unit 4 Guided Notes