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Unit 4 Part IIUnit 4 Part II
The Executive BranchThe Executive Branch
Leader of The Executive BranchLeader of The Executive Branch
Requirements to be President and Requirements to be President and Vice PresidentVice President
PresidentPresident 35 Years Old35 Years Old Native Born Native Born 14 Year Resident14 Year Resident
Vice PresidentVice President ““I am Vice I am Vice
President. In this I President. In this I am nothing, but I am nothing, but I may be everything.” may be everything.” John Adams 1789John Adams 1789
The sameThe same
How are the Pres and VP elected?How are the Pres and VP elected?
By the Electoral CollegeBy the Electoral College
Each state has as many Each state has as many electoral electoral votes as the number votes as the number
of U.S. of U.S. SenatorsSenators and and RepresentativesRepresentatives it has in it has in
Congress.Congress.
The Electoral College SystemThe Electoral College System
Identify how many electoral college votes Identify how many electoral college votes each state has from its membership in the each state has from its membership in the House of Representatives:House of Representatives:
Florida = 25 members in HORFlorida = 25 members in HORNC = 13 members in HORNC = 13 members in HORAlaska = 1 member in HORAlaska = 1 member in HOR
There is a total of There is a total of 538538 electoral electoral votes: votes: 435435 members in the members in the
House of Representatives + House of Representatives + 100100 members in the Senate + members in the Senate + 33
electoral votes for electoral votes for Washington D.C.Washington D.C. = = 538538
To Win requires a majority of To Win requires a majority of electoral voteselectoral votes
270270
If No Candidate wins a majority If No Candidate wins a majority then the then the House of House of
RepresentativesRepresentatives votes to votes to determine the winnerdetermine the winner
Winner-Take-All SystemWinner-Take-All System
In every state except Nebraska and Maine In every state except Nebraska and Maine which ever candidate wins the which ever candidate wins the popularpopular vote wins all of the states electoral vote.vote wins all of the states electoral vote.
One criticism of this system is that a One criticism of this system is that a candidate can win the election by winning candidate can win the election by winning only only 1111 states states
How long are terms for Pres and How long are terms for Pres and VPVP
4 Years4 Years
Presidential Term LimitsPresidential Term Limits
2 Terms 2 Terms 10 Years10 Years
2222ndnd Amendment Amendment
2 terms2 terms10 Years10 Years
Vice PresidentVice President
No term limitsNo term limits
Presidential SuccessionPresidential Succession
Vice PresidentVice PresidentSpeaker Of HouseSpeaker Of HousePresident Pro-TemporePresident Pro-TemporeSecretary of State – first non-elected Secretary of State – first non-elected
positionposition
2525thth Amendment Amendment
Officially makes the Officially makes the Vice PresidentVice President the the PresidentPresident
New Pres then chooses another New Pres then chooses another VPVPNew VP needs approval by both the New VP needs approval by both the
SenateSenate and and House of RepsHouse of Reps
Chief ExecutiveChief Executive
Carries out the nations lawsCarries out the nations laws IN CHARGE OF IN CHARGE OF
of 15 Cabinet departmentsof 15 Cabinet departments3 million government workers3 million government workers
EXECUTIVE ORDEREXECUTIVE ORDER
Command from President that has the Command from President that has the force of lawforce of law
APPIONT OFFICIALSAPPIONT OFFICIALS
President is responsible with appointing President is responsible with appointing federal court judges and other government federal court judges and other government officialsofficials
ISSUEISSUE
PARDONS PARDONS – to forgive someone for a – to forgive someone for a crime and free them from punishmentcrime and free them from punishment
REPRIEVES – REPRIEVES – order to delay a person’s order to delay a person’s punishmentpunishment
AMNESTY – AMNESTY – a pardon given to a group of a pardon given to a group of peoplepeople
COMMANDER IN CHIEFCOMMANDER IN CHIEF
War MakingWar Making
Only Only CongressCongress can declare war but only can declare war but only the the PresidentPresident can send troops into battle can send troops into battle
War Powers Act of 1973War Powers Act of 1973
War Powers ActWar Powers Act
President must notify Congress within President must notify Congress within 4848 hours of sending troops into battlehours of sending troops into battle
Troops must come home after Troops must come home after 6060 days days unless Congress grants approval to unless Congress grants approval to remainremain
Legislative LeaderLegislative Leader
Only members of Congress can propose Only members of Congress can propose and write bills but the President is and write bills but the President is expected to expected to propose laws he wantspropose laws he wants
Head of StateHead of State
The The Living Symbol of Living Symbol of the nation. The the nation. The President carries President carries out ceremonialout ceremonial functions for the United Statesfunctions for the United States
Economic LeaderEconomic Leader
Propose the Propose the nation’s budgetnation’s budgetOMB – OMB – Office of Management and Office of Management and
Budget: helps Pres prepareBudget: helps Pres prepareTwo Step Process:Two Step Process:
President ProposesPresident ProposesCongress ApprovesCongress Approves
Party LeaderParty Leader
Leader of his/her PartyLeader of his/her Party
Diplomatic LeaderDiplomatic Leader
The President is in charge of our The President is in charge of our foreign policyforeign policy
Foreign Policy – Foreign Policy – plan for dealing with plan for dealing with other nationsother nations
Goals of Foreign PolicyGoals of Foreign Policy
National Security – National Security – primary concern, primary concern, keep the country safe from attack or keep the country safe from attack or harmharm
Encourage International TradeEncourage International TradePromote World PeacePromote World PeacePromote Democracy around the worldPromote Democracy around the world
Foreign Policy BureaucracyForeign Policy Bureaucracy
State DepartmentState DepartmentDefense DepartmentDefense DepartmentCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA)Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)National Security Council (NSC)National Security Council (NSC)
Tools of Foreign PolicyTools of Foreign Policy
TreatiesTreaties – – Formal agreements between Formal agreements between governmentsgovernments
Economic TreatiesEconomic Treaties
NAFTANAFTA – – North American Free Trade North American Free Trade AgreementAgreement
Defense TreatiesDefense Treaties
NATO – NATO – North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOrganization
Executive AgreementsExecutive Agreements
Agreement between President and Agreement between President and leader of another countryleader of another country
Does not need Does not need SenateSenate approval approval
Appointing AmbassadorsAppointing Ambassadors
An official representative of a country’s An official representative of a country’s governmentgovernment
Need Need SenateSenate approval approval
Foreign AidForeign Aid
Money, food, military assistance given Money, food, military assistance given to help other countriesto help other countries
Trade SanctionsTrade Sanctions
Punishing another country with trade Punishing another country with trade barriersbarriers
EmbargoEmbargo
Agreement among group of nations not Agreement among group of nations not to trade with a target nationto trade with a target nation
Military ForceMilitary Force
President may use military to carry out President may use military to carry out foreign policyforeign policy
Organization of the Executive Organization of the Executive BranchBranch
PyramidPyramidPresidentPresident
President
The Presidents AdministrationThe Presidents Administration
Top officials who advise and assist the Top officials who advise and assist the President in his/her job of running the President in his/her job of running the country. Get their positions base on the country. Get their positions base on the spoils system – spoils system – rewarding people with rewarding people with government jobs based on their government jobs based on their political supportpolitical support Usually Usually replacedreplaced with each new President. with each new President.
Executive Office of the PresidentExecutive Office of the President
Thousands of highly trained Thousands of highly trained specialists, secretaries and clerks that specialists, secretaries and clerks that assist the Presidentassist the President
OMBOMB
Prepares the federal budgetPrepares the federal budget
National Security CouncilNational Security Council
Helps President direct US military and Helps President direct US military and foreign policy, supervises the CIA foreign policy, supervises the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)(Central Intelligence Agency)
Council of Economic AdvisorsCouncil of Economic Advisors
Advises the President on the EconomyAdvises the President on the Economy
The Cabinet: Composed of the HeaThe Cabinet: Composed of the Heads of ds of
Executive DepartmentsExecutive DepartmentsAdvise the President on issues related Advise the President on issues related to their departmentsto their departments
The Vice PresidentThe Vice President
Little responsibility in past but has Little responsibility in past but has grown more involved with recent grown more involved with recent PresidentsPresidents
The Federal BureaucracyThe Federal Bureaucracy
Around 3 million civilian workersAround 3 million civilian workersCivil Service Workers – Civil Service Workers – range from range from
clerks to lawyers who work for the clerks to lawyers who work for the federal governmentfederal government
Civil Service System – Civil Service System – the practice of the practice of hiring government workers based on hiring government workers based on meritmerit
The Merit System – The Merit System – hiring based on hiring based on abilityability
What does the Federal What does the Federal Bureaucracy do?Bureaucracy do?
Decide how to apply new laws to daily Decide how to apply new laws to daily lifelife
Administer the day to day operations of Administer the day to day operations of the governmentthe government
Federal agencies regulate various Federal agencies regulate various activitiesactivities
Identify the responsibilities of Identify the responsibilities of each of the executive each of the executive departments using page 227 of departments using page 227 of your textyour text
What are independent agencies in What are independent agencies in the executive branch?the executive branch?
Called independent because they are Called independent because they are not a part of one of the executive not a part of one of the executive departmentsdepartments
Executive AgenciesExecutive Agencies
Deal with certain specialized areasDeal with certain specialized areasExample = Example = NASA (National Aeronautics NASA (National Aeronautics
and Space Administration)and Space Administration)
Government CorporationsGovernment Corporations
Businesses that the government ownsBusinesses that the government ownsExample = Example = USPS (United States Postal USPS (United States Postal
ServiceService
Regulatory CommissionsRegulatory Commissions
Regulatory Boards and CommissioRegulatory Boards and CommissionsnsProtect public by enforcing rules for Protect public by enforcing rules for
certain groups or industriescertain groups or industriesMembers are appointed by the Members are appointed by the
PresidentPresident but can only be removed but can only be removed from office by from office by impeachmentimpeachment
OSHA OSHA
Occupational Safety Occupational Safety and Health and Health AdministrationAdministration
Make sure the Make sure the workplace is safeworkplace is safe
SECSEC
Securities and Securities and Exchange Exchange CommissionCommission
Regulate trade, Regulate trade, protect investors, protect investors, maintain fair maintain fair marketsmarkets
FTCFTC
Federal Trade Federal Trade CommissionCommission
Maintains fair Maintains fair competition, competition, regulates regulates advertising, ensures advertising, ensures safe productssafe products
EPAEPA
Environmental Environmental Protection AgencyProtection Agency
Issue licenses and Issue licenses and regulate activity to regulate activity to protect the protect the environmentenvironment
FCCFCC
Federal Federal Communications Communications CommissionCommission
Makes broadcasting Makes broadcasting rules and regulates rules and regulates all communication all communication networksnetworks