UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORKUNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK

PART E: LANGUAGE FOCUSPART E: LANGUAGE FOCUS

PRONUNCIATIONPRONUNCIATION

/w/ /j/

we wheel yes years

west wet yellow use

wine whale young York

GRAMMARGRAMMAR

• Exercise 1: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate gerund of the verbs from the box.

spend behave wait park

start bend meet listen

Example: He found that parking was difficult in that city.

• 1- I have no objection to _______ to your story again.

• 2- Touch your toes without _________ your knees!

• 3- You should be ashamed of yourself for_________ so badly.

• 4- I am looking forward to _________ you.

• 5- You can’t prevent him from ________ his own money.

• 6- Would you mind _________ for a moment?

• 7- In spite of __________ late, we arrived in time.

listening

bending

behaving

meeting

spending

waitingstarting

The gerund can be used in the following ways

1. As subject of sentence (in example)

2. As complement of a verb

3. After prepositions (in number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6)

4. After certain verbs ( in number 6)

5. In noun compounds

Exercise 2: Complete of the following sentence with an appropriate present participle of the verb from the box

lie modernize shop pass prepare

rise try read burn

Example :I saw him ________ my house-I saw him passing my house

1. She smelt something _______ and saw smoke _________2. If she catches you _______ her diary, she’ll be

furious.3. The found a tree _______ across the road.4. I’m going ________ this afternoon.5. He doesn’t spend much time ________

his lessons.6. They wasted the whole afternoon _______ to

repair the bike.7. They spend a lot of money __________the house.

burningrising

reading

lyingshopping

preparing

trying

modernizing

Some of the uses of present participleSome of the uses of present participle

1. After verbs of sensation (see, hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch)

2. After catch/ find/ leave+ O

3. After go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy

4. To replace a clause

Ex: He entered the room and saw a stranger.

Entering the room, he saw a stranger.

CommentsComments

The difference between gerund and present participle

• Gerund: used as a noun equivalent

• Present participle: more like a verb or an adjective

Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle

**Example:

He was accused of _______ (desert) his ship two months ago.

_ He was accused of having deserted his ship two months ago.

Perfect Gerund and Perfect Perfect Gerund and Perfect ParticipleParticiple

• A perfect gerund / participle is used instead of a gerund/ participle when we want to emphasize the completion of the action

Gerund Perfect Gerund

We are happy about your completing all your assignments

We are happy about your having completed all your assignments

Participle Perfect Participle

Finishing the work, they went home

Having finished the work, they went home.

1. I object to him having made (make) private calls on the office phone.

PERFECT GERUNDPERFECT GERUND2. Having been (be) his own boss for such a long time, he found

it hard to accept orders from another. PERFECT PARTICIPLEPERFECT PARTICIPLE3. They denied having been (be) there. PERFECT GERUND4. Having tied (tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the

other end out of the window. PERFECT PARTICIPLEPERFECT PARTICIPLE5. Having read (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire

extinguisher. PERFECT PARTICIPLEPERFECT PARTICIPLE6. The children admitted having taken (take) the money. PERFECT GERUNDPERFECT GERUND

HOMEWORKHOMEWORKWrite 5 sentences using gerund and 5 sentences using participle

THANK YOU VERY MUCH THANK YOU VERY MUCH

FOR YOUR ATTENTIONFOR YOUR ATTENTION