Unit 5

The Babylonian Captivity of the Church

The Schism

Early Protestants

The catalystWar between England and France (1294)

The Kings of both countries Edward I (England) and Phillip IV the fair (Fr) decided to pay for the war by taxing the churchPope Boniface VIII calls this “an assault on the Church”Phillip responded by keeping Church revenue in FranceEdward denied the clergy protection of lawBoniface backed down Victory of State over Church

The fight continues in France

Phillip arrested a French Bishop to assert his control over the French Church

Called the Pope a hereticBoniface issues 2 Papal Bulls

Asculta fili”…God has placed popes above KingsFollowed by “Unum Sanctum”

Phillip arrests the Pope who is beaten badly and died shortly after his releasePhillip pressured Clement V to settle at Avignon in 1309 (lasts until 1377) (The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy)

The Great Schism (1378-1417)

Gregory XI returns to Rome in 1378 and dies

The people of Rome demand an Italian Pope

The Cardinals elect Urban VI (an arrogant tactless reformer)

Result: Cardinals elect another “Anti-Pope” Clement VII who returns the Papacy to Avignon and began the Great Schism

Resolution

The Council of Pisa elects a new Pope Alexander V who rules from Pisa)

Problem: Now 3 Popes

The Council of Constance (1414-1418)

Elect Martin V (1417-1431) who disbanded the council before they could deal with anything else (corruption, heresy)

Early Protests

John Wycliffe (d.1384)Leader of the “Lollards” in EnglandOxford theologianSupremacy of scriptureRoyal power over PopePoverty of clergy1st Engl. Translation of Bible

Early protests

Jan Huss

Many of the same ideas as Wycliffe

Also a bohemian nationalist

Burned at the stake to begin the Council of Constance