Unit 5Expansion and Industry

Table of Contents:91. Unit 5 Questions92. Unit 5 Vocab93. Railroad Notes94. Story of US Questions95. Unit 5 Notes pg 196. Expansion West and Conflict

Standards 11.-13

BackgroundO While Reconstruction was going on in the

South, industry being developed in the North

O By early 1900’s (20th c) US was beating Europe in development

O Marked by:O RR- industrial growth and westward

expansionO Steel- helped RR and growth of citiesO Immigrants- did the work, changed America

The Impact of RailroadsOn business:

O Steel industry boomed to provide materials for RR- steel became cheaper

O Other industries grew to help RR

O Other industries used the steel too

O Goods can be shipped cheaper

O Goods now sold to customers all over US

On the West:O Immigrants hired to do the

work O Europeans built E WO Chinese built WE

O Very dangerousO Many died

O First transcontinental RR built in 1869

O Fed gov’t gives land grants to RR companiesO They sell the land` for cheapO People move out West to

settle this new landO Fights between new settlers

and Native Americans

Age of ExtremesBallin’ Busted

O Rise of business trusts and monopolies

O John D. RockefellerO Electricity

O ImmigrationO Workers

O Pullman StrikeO The JungleO Women and Children

O Native AmericansO Jim Crow lawsO Urban living

Rise of Trusts & MonopoliesO Businesses want to maximize profits

O Start taking over competition and controlling market

O Once they own the competition: set prices, productivity, sales

O Monopoly- dominance of the market by one company

Famous Monopolists-O Andrew Carnegie- steelO Vanderbilt & Gould- railroadsO J.P. Morgan- banking and financeO Rockefeller- Standard Oil

Rockefeller O Created Standard OilO Realized that if he gained control of all

aspects of oil industry he would make more money (transport from the source, refine, ship and sell)

O By 1879- controlled 90% of oil business

ElectricityO Thomas Edison- invented lightbulb,

phonograph, motion picture, electric grid and more

O Impact-O Long distance energy transmission to light

buildings, streets, neighborhoodsO Electricity replaces steam for powerO Horses replaced by street carsO Less need for human labor with appliancesO Increased quality of life

Consequences of Industrial Growth

O Major social changes (urbanization, wealth and poverty, immigrant conditions)

O Native Americans must defend land promised in the West by US Gov’t

O Immigrants compete for jobs and fight for better working conditions

O Factory workers organize unions

Expansion West and Conflict with Natives

O Eastern US- crowded and industrial- move West for landO Had to compete with Native Americans for land and resourcesO Wars between settlers and Plains IndiansO Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868-

O Plains Indians get the Black Hills in Dakotas and promise to leave settlers alone

O Gold discovered in Black Hills in 1875- US wants the land back, wars start again

O Great Sioux War- 1876-1877- Sioux won at first but eventually are outnumbered and defeated

O US gov’t sanctions killing off of buffalo (what the Plains Indians lived off of = Indians have to starve or go to reservations

O Sitting Bull- a warrior in Great Sioux WarO Led his group to Canada but had to come back to reservation to surviveO Tried to fight again for land- Battle at Wounded Knee- 300 Sioux Indians

killed (women and children) O Ended fighting between US gov’t and Native Americans

Immigration97. Native American Holiday Poster98. Immigration Cornell Notes99. Ellis Island and Immigration Questions

EQ- How did immigration shape America during this time period?Standard- 12

Ellis Island and ImmigrationCornell Note Questions:Why were immigrants leaving Europe?What were the three waves of immigration?Characteristics/conditions of immigrants?Ellis Island factsWhat was the impact of immigration?

Write your questions in the margin!

New Wave of ImmigrantsO End of 19th century bad in Europe- low wages,

unemployment, disease, forced military service, religious persecution people flee to the US

O Waves of Immigration:O Prior to 1880’s- mostly North and West Europe

(English, Irish, German)O 1880’s- Eastern and Southern Europe

O 1880-1920- 20 million immigrants (15% of population)O Mostly poor, uneducatedO Often Jewish or CatholicO Non-English speakingO Couldn’t buy land so lived in cities (bad

conditions)

Ellis IslandO Opened in NY harbor in 1892O By 1924- 12 million immigrants (40% of

Americans can trace ancestry to Ellis Island)O Inspection- 29 question interview, took 3-7

hoursO Laws get more restrictive in 1890’sO 2% sent home because of disease, criminal

background, insanity

Impact of ImmigrationO Overcrowding in cities- led to problems with

crime and diseaseO Economic growth- increased demand for

agricultural and industrial goodsO Low wage labor is plentifulO New cultural items introduced (opera, polka,

literature, kindergarten, hamburgers, spaghetti)

Progressive Era

Your name

Labor Conditions & Pullman Strike

Muckrakers & The Jungle

Women’s Movement

Jim Crow & NAACP

Improve Democracy

Living Conditions

Conservation

EQ- How was the progressive era marked by reform?

Table of Contents:100. Progressive Era Flipchart101. Progressive Era Activity

Progressive Era of Reforms

O Progressives- people who organized reform movements against:O Excesses of business and industryO Social concerns

O 2nd period of reforms in US historyO Helped many (not Southern blacks)

American Federation of LaborO Bad working conditions for unskilled workers:

low wages, long workdays, no vacation, unsafe conditions

O Workers begin to ban together labor unions fighting for better pay and working conditions

O Tried to collectively bargain with business owners but would strike when necessary

O Samuel Gompers-O Came to US in 1863, cigar makerO 1886- founded the American Federation of

Labor (AFL)O President from 1886-1924O Skilled workersO 4 million members

Pullman StrikeO Pullman Palace Car Company- made RR carsO Had a “model” community of workers living in

homes owned by the company, shopping at company stores

O Company cut wages (but didn’t decrease rent or cost of food, etc.)

O Workers went on strikeO They are supported by the Railway Union led by

Eugene DebsO They strike, damage propertyO US Gov’t steps in (Pres. Grover) convict Debs of

conspiracy and sue the UnionO Beginning of national gov’t and corporation distrust

of unions

Improve LaborO Child Labor Laws- states set a

minimum age for working and say what types of jobs kids can have

O Women get a minimum wage set and max. hours for work

O Worksite inspection for health, safety, sanitation

O States set up workers compensation laws

MuckrakersO “muckraker” term for journalist who uncovers

corruption (Pres. Teddy Roosevelt came up with the term)

O Ida TarbellO Invented “investigative journalism”O 1902-1904 wrote a 19 part magazine article about

Rockefeller and the Standard Oil company’s practicesO Used public records, news coverage and former

employeesO Found that Rockefeller knowingly used business

practices to destroy independent businesses and establish his monopoly

O Said he made a “meaner” AmericaO People start thinking the US Gov’t should police big

businesses and stop monopolies

The JungleO Book written by Upton Sinclair in

1906O He worked undercover in an

immigrant community meatpacking company from 1904-1906

O Talked about the horrors of industry and living conditions

O Led to formation of the FDA in 1906 (Food and Drug Act)

Women’s Reform MovementO Women getting educatedO Start to fight for social change:

O Temperance O Women’s suffrageO SanitationO Educational reformsO End of racism

O Jane Addams- founded of US Settlement House Movement in ChicagoO Created the first “Hull House” to educate immigrantsO Later advocated for protective lawsO Founding member of NAACP

Jim Crow laws and NAACPO White Southern Democrats got control of gov’ts in the

South and established Jim Crow lawsO Initially the goal was to keep African Americans from

the political process (no voting, public office or jury service) later moved to all out segregation of public facilities

O US Supreme Court ruling in 1896 said segregation was OK as long as facilities were “separate but equal”

O White Southerners saw it as US Gov’t permissionO NAACP- National Association for Advancement of

Colored People- created in 1909O By W.E.B. DuBoisO Protest violence and discriminationO Secure rights promised by the 13, 14, 15th amendments

Improve DemocracyO At state and local level:

O Initiative/Referendum- voters can suggest and approve laws w/o state legislatures

O Recall- voters can get rid of elected officials before their term is over

O At National levelO 17th amendment- voters can now

elect their own senators instead of state legislatures appointing them

Living ConditionsO Jacob Riis published a book of photos

called How the Other Half Lives- showed living conditions of immigrants in NYC (poor housing and sanitation)

O Housing codesO Sanitation departments for trash,

streets, dead animalsO Sewer and water services in cities

Conservation MovementsO Emerged in 1870’s

O Three schools of thought about nature:O Businesses said they should be allowed to do what

they want to landO Environmentalists (led by John Muir) said nature was

sacred and should be protectedO Conservationists (led by Pinchot and Teddy Roosevelt)

said you should use nature but protect it tooO President Teddy Roosevelt- loved nature and hunting

O Saw that damage of nature would have a future impactO Increased gov’t reserves of forests, mineral lands,

hydropower sitesO Created National Forest Service, 5 national parks, 18

national monuments, 51 bird reserves, 4 game preserves, 150 national forests

Possible Activities:Pick one!

O Use the internet to research current public reform movements in the US. Find one modern movement that you think correlates to each of the following progressive era movements: 1. food safety, 2. political equality for all citizens, 3. control of big business, 4.protection of minority/groups rights, 5. conservation

O Prepare an attractive, well-developed poster honoring the work and accomplishments of Teddy Roosevelt

O Create a “book jacket” for The Jungle. On the cover include a picture, a one sentence “hook” and the title/author. On the back write: 1. paragraph that summarizes the book and 2. one paragraph that tells what the book accomplished