Unit 5 Gates and Pelé Warm-up Activities Questions About Microsoft Listening Activities Bill Gates Steps Aside at Microsoft Mottoes of Bill Gates *BR_

Unit 5 Gates and PeléUnit 5 Gates and Pelé

Warm-up Activities

Questions About Microsoft

Listening Activities

Bill Gates Steps Aside at Microsoft

Mottoes of Bill Gates


Directions: Look at the pictures carefully and answer the following questions.

1) What is the man?

A. A scientist.

B. A businessman.

C. A statesman.

D. A writer.

B____


2) What is the relationship between him and Microsoft?

A. He is the sole founder of Microsoft.

B. He is the present CEO of Microsoft.

C. He is the manager of Microsoft.

D. He is the biggest shareholder of Microsoft.

D____


3) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. He is not among the richest men in the

world.

B. He graduated from Harvard University.

C. Microsoft is the world’s biggest

computer software company.

D. He is not the chairman of the company

any longer.

C____


Directions: Listen to the following passage twice and fill in the blanks with missing words.

Last week, Bill Gates from full-time work at the

world’s biggest computer software company — Microsoft. He

will remain of the company he established with Paul

Allen in 1975.

Mr. Gates leaves Microsoft at a time of change in the

computing . Microsoft grew at a time when personal

computers, or PCs, were replacing big mainframe computers as

retired______

chairman________

industry_______


the main computing tools. He showed that huge could

be made in software as PCs increasingly were found “on every

desk and in every home.”

Early on, Microsoft understood the importance of the “

effect.” That is, software is the kind of product that increases

in value as more people buy and use it.

Now, free Internet software threatens to replace PC-based

software. Devices like “smart phones” connect people to the

Internet. Google has become a leader in Internet Web

network_______

profits ______

searching________


and advertising. Microsoft has struggled to change with the

new computer environment. Its efforts to sell music and its

latest operating system, Vista, have not been big successes.

And an attempt this year to buy Yahoo for over 47 billion

dollars failed.

In the last several years, Bill Gates has slowly given

of Microsoft to others. In 2000, he gave the job of chief

executive officer to Steve Ballmer, a friend of his since their

years at Harvard University. Mr. Ballmer has been with

Microsoft since 1980.

control _______


Still, it is hard to overestimate the of Bill

Gates on computing. He developed the business model that

put the Windows operating system on about ninety percent of

the world’s one billion PCs. Microsoft now has almost 90,000

employees.

At fifty-two years old, Bill Gates is currently the third

richest man in the world. He is worth about 58 billion dollars.

He remains Microsoft’s biggest .

influence________

shareholder__________


Mr. Gates will now spend most of his time working at his

charity organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The

foundation is the world’s largest charity with over 37 billion

dollars. It provides money for health, and other

projects, mostly in developing countries.

education________


1. Life is not fair, get used to it.

生活是不公平的，要去适应它。2. The world won’t care about your self-esteem. The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself.

这世界不会在意你的自尊。你在自我感觉良好前先要有所成就。


3. Life is not divided into semesters. You don’t get summers off and very few employers are interested in helping you find yourself. Do that on your own time.

生活不分学期。你没有暑假可休息，雇主也不会帮你发现自我。自己找时间做吧。

4. If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss.

如果你认为老师严厉，等你有了老板再这样想。


5. If you mess up, it’s not your parents’ fault, so don’t whine about your mistakes, learn from them.

如果你陷入困境，那不是你父母的错，所以不要抱怨你们的错误，要从中吸取教训。


Global Reading

Detailed Reading

After Reading


Global Reading ※ Introductory Remarks ※ Cultural Notes ※ Scanning ※ Part Division of the Text ※ Further Understanding Part 1 True or False Parts 2 & 3 Chart Filling Part 4 Questions and Answers


After Reading

※ Summary

※ Useful

Expressions

※ Writing

※ Internet Activity


As the head of the software company Microsoft and one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution, Bill Gates attracts people’s attention not only to his great achievements in business, but also to his secrets of success. The essay introduces Bill Gates’ childhood, school life and thefounding of Microsoft, and tells the readers why he became the wealthiest man in America.


1. Bill Gates

He was born on October 28, 1955 in

Seattle, Washington. He was shy and

unsocial when he was young, but he was

talented in the academic areas of math and

logistics. When he was 13, Gates made his

first computer program. After he attended

Harvard University, he was still interested


in computers. Then he left school to devote all of his time and

energy to his software business. By the late 1980s, Gates and

Paul Allen were producing programs like Microsoft Word and

Excel, and when the company went public in 1986, Gates

became a 31-year-old billionaire. He was named richest in

Forbes magazine’s top 400 wealthiest Americans.


He is an American entrepreneur who co-

founded Microsoft with Bill Gates and is one of

the wealthiest people in the world. He is the

founder and chairman of Vulcan Inc., which is

his private asset management company, and is

chairman of Charter Communications. He also

has a multi-billion dollar investment portfolio

2. Paul Allen


portfolio ( 投资组合 ) which includes stakes in Digeo, Kiha

Software, real estate holdings, and more than 40 other techno

logy, media, and content companies.


Bill Gates was extremely energetic and intelligent when he was young. In elementary school, his favorite subjects were science and math. In secondary school he was an expert at working the school’s computer.

Directions: Scan Text A and then answer the following questions.

1) What happened to Bill Gates in 1992?

In 1992, as head of the Microsoft Corporation, he became the richest man in America.

2) What kind of boy was Bill Gates in his school life?


3) How did Bill Gates establish Microsoft later on?

By 1975, Gates and a partner, Paul Allen, had developed a software program called BASIC. Then he left Harvard University and founded Microsoft in the 1970s with Paul Allen.

4) What characteristics does Bill Gates possess as an American tycoon and a common person?

As CEO of Microsoft, Gates is known as a brilliant man and he is not satisfied with his success. In spite of his great wealth, Gates still lives a humble and ordinary life.


Main Ideas

The author gives a brief introduction to Bill Gates, the richest man in America.

The author tells about Bill Gates’ interest and performance in school life.

The author tells about Bill Gates’ great success in establishing Microsoft.

1

2-6

7-8

Paras.Parts

1

2

3

The author remarks on Bill Gates’ characteristics both as CEO of Microsoft and a common person.

94


Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) based on Part 1.

1) As a teenager, Bill Gates was sure that he would be a millionaire by the time he was 20.

2) In 1992, as head of the Microsoft Corporation, Bill Gates became the richest man in America.

While he did not quite achieve that goal, only 15 years later he was billionaire.

F( )

T( )


Directions: Fill in the chart with the details in Parts 2&3.

Time Events

by the age of 9

at the age of 13

Gates had read the entire World Book Encyclopedia.

Gates was an expert at working the school’s computer.Gates attended Harvard, majoring in math, was still interested in computers.

after his graduation from secondary school


Time Events

by 1975

after leaving Harvard University

Gates and a partner, Paul Allen, had developed a software program called BASIC.

Gates co-founded with Paul Allen the software company, Microsoft.

The software program DOS made him famous and very rich. in 1980


Directions: Answer the following questions based on Part 4.

1) What is Bill Gates famous for as CEO of Microsoft?

He is known as a brilliant man, but one who is not easily satisfied. He is quick to criticize his staff and hates to be questioned about decisions he has made.

2) What kind of life does Bill Gates live in spite of his great wealth?Gates still lives a humble and ordinary life. For example, he spends his money carefully; he eats in fast food restaurants and flies economy class; he is modest about people’s praise for his success.


As a teenager in 1972, Bill Gates boasted that he would be a

millionaire by the time he was 20. While he did not quite

achieve that goal, only 15 years later he was a billionaire. And

by 1992, as head of the Microsoft Corporation, he became the

richest man in America.

Text A

Billionaire Bill


Born in Seattle, Washington on October 28, 1956, Gates was named William after his father and grandfather. From the beginning, he was an extremely energetic and intelligent child. He had read the entire World Book Encyclopedia by the age of nine. His favorite subjects at school were science and math and his favorite pastime was “thinking”. But although he was clever, his social skills proved to be inadequate. He was a year younger than most of his classmates and small for his age. The skinny, left-handed boy with big feet and a squeaky voice was often the object of jokes and found himself treated as an outsider by his peers.


If being teased bothered young Bill, however, he didn’t show i

t. While other children were outside playing games and enjoying

sport, Bill spent all of his spare time perfecting essays or organizin

g his books and papers. When asked what he wanted to be when

he grew up, 11-year-old Bill said, “A scientist”.

Gates first started to play with computers at the age of 13. At t

hat time, computers were large, awkward machines. Operators wer

e required to learn complex computer languages before the machin

es could be used. Even then, a great deal of time and

effort was needed to perform the simplest functions. Before long,

Gates was an expert at working the school’s computer.


Along with a group of older students, who had a similar

interest in the machine, he set about learning every computer

language and function there was. Eventually, in order to spend

more time at the computer, Gates agreed to help develop

computerized class schedules for the school. It was a project

that would take all of his years in secondary school to

complete.


After his graduation from secondary school, Gates was accepted by the three top universities in the USA — Princeton, Harvard and Yale. He chose Harvard and began classes there the next autumn, majoring in math. But he was still interested in computers and spent as much time in the computer laboratories as he did in the lecture halls. By 1975, Gates and a partner, Paul Allen, had developed a software program called BASIC and it was a success because until it came along there had been no efficient way of getting computers to carry out instructions. Although he had not yet completed his degree, Gates left university and went to work full time for the new company he had formed called Microsoft.


His next project was the software program that made him fam

ous and very rich. It was called DOS, short for Disk Operating S

ystem, and it was purchased by IBM in 1980. Very soon it becam

e the operating system used in more than 14 million personal co

mputers around the world.

As CEO of Microsoft, Gates is known as a brilliant man, but

one who is not easily satisfied. He is quick to criticize his staff an

d hates to be questioned about decisions he has made.


Until his marriage to Microsoft manager Melinda French on New

Year’s Day 1994, Gates was regarded as one of the most ideal

bachelors in the world. In spite of his great wealth, Gates is still

humble and ordinary. He spends his money carefully. He eats in

fast-food restaurants and flies economy class. And when

praised for Microsoft’s great success, he has been heard to say,

“All we do is put software in a box and if people see it in the

stores and like it, they buy it.”


While he did not quite achieve that goal, only 15 years later he was a billionaire.

Analyze the sentence.

本句中的 while一词引导的是让步状语从句，与 although或though “ ” “ ”同义，意思是虽然，尽管。 while 作为连词，还有以下用法：1) during the time that something is happening ……当的时 ……候，在的时候e.g. They arrived while we were having dinner.


2) something happens at the same time as something else is happening 与（某事）同时发生

3) used to emphasize the difference between two situations 但是，却（用于强调两种情况的区别）

尽管他没有完全实现这个目标，但仅仅 15年以后，他就成了亿万富翁。

Translate the sentence into Chinese.

e.g. He fell asleep while reading the newspaper.

e.g. This region has plenty of natural resources while that one has none.


The skinny, left-handed boy with big feet and a squeaky voice was often the object of jokes and found himself treated as an outsider by his peers.

这位瘦削的惯用左手的男孩儿长着一双大脚，声音嘶哑，常常成为人们嘲笑的对象，并被同龄人当局外人对待。



While other children were outside playing games and enjoying sport, Bill spent all of his spare time perfecting essays or organizing his books and papers.


此句中的 while 引导的是时间状语从句，相当于 when 一词，是“在……期间；当……的时候”的意思。

当其他孩子在户外玩游戏，享受体育活动的乐趣的时候，比尔把所有的业余时间都花在修改并完善论文或是整理书籍和文献上。



When asked what he wanted to be when he grew up, 11-year-old Bill said, “A scientist”.


本句是一个省略句，补充完整为 When he was asked what he wanted to be ...。在 when引导的状语从句中，当从句和主句主语一致时，从句的主语常可省略。

当被问及长大以后想做什么时， 11 “岁的比尔说：做科”学家。


e.g. When speaking French, I often make mistakes.


Along with a group of older students, who had a similar interest in the machine, he set about learning every computer language and function there was.


此句中， who had a similar interest in the machine是非限制性定于从句，修饰 a group of older students 。 there was 在本句中作定语 , “ ”可译为现存的。

和一群对计算机有着相同兴趣的学长一起，他开始学习当时已有的所有计算机语言和功能。



And when praised for Microsoft’s great success, he has been heard to say, “All we do is put software in a box and if people see it in the stores and like it, they buy it.

Analyze the sentence.And when praised for Microsoft’s great success ... 这个句子是And when he was praised for Microsoft’s great success ... 的省略形式。

每当有人夸赞微软取得的巨大成功时，人们总会听到他说：“我们做的事只是把软件装进盒子里，人们要是在商店里看到了，喜欢它，就会把它买下来。”



teenager n. a person who is between 13 and 19 years old （ 13 至 19 岁之间的）青少年

Notes: teenage a. 青少年的；十几岁的teen n. 13 至 19 岁的年纪，少年


boast v. 1) to talk with too much pride about something that you have or

can do 自夸；自吹自擂 e.g. I don’t want to boast, but I can actually speak six languages.

The hotel also boasts two swimming pools and a golf course. 那家宾馆还拥有两个游泳池和一个高尔夫球场。

She is always boasting about how wonderful her children are. 她总是夸耀她的孩子们多么出色。

e.g.

e.g.

2) to have something that is impressive and that you can be proud of 有（值得自豪的东西）


Collocation: boast about / of sth.

n. something that a person talks about in a very proud way, often to seem more important or clever 引以为豪的事物

One of her boasts is that her daughter is a doctor.e.g.

boastful a. 夸口的


by the time 到……的时候后接时间状语从句，相当于 when

e.g. The injured man was almost dead by the time the ambulance arrived.

e.g. By the time you get this letter I’ll be in Canada.


e.g. She was named after her grandmother.

The college is named after a scientist.e.g.

name after call someone or something by the same name as 以……命名


entire a. including everything, everyone or every part; whole 全部的，整个的；完全的

e.g. I am in entire agreement with you.

The entire population in this district was wiped out by the terrible disease.

e.g.


pastime n. something that you enjoy doing when you are not working; hobby 消遣，休闲活动

e.g. My favorite pastime is reading.

e.g. Gardening is a very rewarding pastime. 园艺劳动是非常有益的消遣。

Comparison: pastime, hobby & entertainment pastime 指休闲娱乐活动e.g. Reading is my favorite pastime.


hobby 指业余爱好，嗜好

entertainment 指娱乐节目，消遣活动 e.g. One of his hobbies is horse-riding.

e.g. They have provided entertainment for tourists.


social a.1) connected with society and the way it is organized 社会的

2) connected with activities in which people meet each other for pleasure 社交的，交际的

e.g. We are discussing such social problems as unemployment and education.

e.g. Team sports help to develop a child’s social skills.

e.g. Social events and training days are arranged for all the staff.


Derivatives: society n. 社会 socialize v. 参加社交活动；交际 sociable a. 好交际的，社交的


Notes: adequate a. 足够的；充足的inadequacy n. 不足够；不充足

e.g. His income is inadequate to meet the expense.

inadequate a. not enough; not good enough 不充分的；不足的

e.g. This plan failed because of inadequate preparation. 此计划因准备不足而告吹。

Collocations: be inadequate for sth.

be inadequate to do sth.


e.g. You’re skinny enough without going on a diet!

Notes:

e.g. He looks much too skinny to be a weight-lifter.

e.g. rain — rainy, cloud — cloudy, wind — windy, snow — snowy, health — healthy, luck — lucky, blood — bloody

skinny a. very thin, especially in a way that you find unpleasant or ugly 极瘦的，干瘦的，皮包骨的（非正式，略有贬义）

1 ）在一些名词后面加 -y 可以变成形容词（尤其是一些与天气有关的名词）。


如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字母再加 -y 。

2) 少数以不发音的 e 结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉 e再加 -y 。

e.g. sun — sunny, fun — funny

e.g. noise — noisy, ice — icy


object n.1) a tangible and visible thing 物体 e.g. What are those strange objects?

e.g. UFO (unidentified flying object) 不明飞行物，飞碟

2) a person or thing seen as a focus or target for feelings, thought, etc. 对象；客体 e.g. The novel is the main object of his interest.

他最感兴趣的是这本小说。


e.g. Our object is to get at the truth.

e.g. I will not wear this dress if you object to it.

v. to raise or state an objection (to); present an argument (against) 不赞成，反对；抗议

e.g. Do you think anyone would object if I park my car here?

3) an aim, purpose, or objective 目标；意向；目的

Collocation: object to doing sth.


Collocation: peer group 同龄（或同辈）群体

peer n. a person who is the same age or who has the same social status as you 身份（或地位）相同的人；同辈（常用复数形式）e.g. She enjoys the respect of her peers.

e.g. Teenagers often start smoking because of peer pressure. 青少年通常由于同龄人的压力而开始吸烟。

v. to look closely or carefully at something, especially when you cannot see it clearly 盯着看，凝视


Derivative: peerless a. 无与伦比的

e.g. She peers through the mist, trying to find the right path.

e.g. Every few paces they stopped to peer ahead into the darkness. 每走几步，他们就停下来费力地望望黑暗的前方。


e.g. Why bother asking if you’re not really interested? 如果你不是真的感兴趣，干嘛费口舌打听呢？

e.g. Nobody listens to me. I don’t know why I bother.

bother v. 1) to spend time or energy doing something 花费时间精力（做某事）

2) to annoy, worry or upset somebody; to cause somebody trouble or pain 使（某人）烦恼（或担忧、不安、痛苦）

e.g. I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.


Joe has been having a bit of bother with his back again. 最近乔的后背又有些不适。

e.g. Call them and save yourself the bother of going round. 给他们打个电话就免得你亲自去了。

2) an annoying situation, thing or person 令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人）

e.g.

Collocation: bother (with / about sth.); bother+ -ing; bother to do sth.

n. 1) trouble or difficulty 麻烦；困难（不可数）

bothersome a. 麻烦的，恼人的Derivative:


e.g. We’ve got a spare bedroom, if you’d like to stay.

e.g. You should read more instructive books in your spare time.

2) available to do what you want with rather than work 空闲的；空余的

e.g. We can only spare one room for you.

spare a.1) that is not being used or is not needed at the present time 不用的；闲置的

v. 1) to make something such as time or money available to somebody or for something, especially when it requires an effort for you to do this 抽出；拨出；留出


e.g. Could you spare one of your staff to help us out?

2) to save somebody / yourself from having to go through an unpleasant experience 省得；免去 e.g. He wanted to spare his mother any anxiety.

e.g. You could have spared yourself an unnecessary trip by phoning in advance.

3) to do everything possible to achieve something or to do something well without trying to limit the time or money involved 不吝惜（时间、金钱） Collocation: spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事


perfecta. 1) having everything that is necessary; complete and without faults or weaknesses 完备的；完美的；完全的 e.g. No one expects you to be perfect, but we do expect you to

do your best always.

e.g. It was a perfect day for a picnic. 2) excellent; very good 极好的；很好的

e.g. She’s the perfect candidate for the job. 她是这项工作的最佳人选。

e.g. He went to Italy to perfect his singing voice.

v. to make something perfect or as good as you can 使完善；使完美；使完备


play with1) take part in a game, esp. of football, golf, cards 和……一起玩 e.g. I have plenty of friends to play with in the football game.

e.g. She played with the black stars on her necklace.

e.g. The cat is playing with its tail.

2) amuse oneself with … 摆弄；玩弄


A great number of people welcome the new policy.

a great deal (of) a large quantity of sth. 大量的e.g. He lost a great deal of weight.

Comparison: a great deal of, a great number of, much, many, a l

ot of / lots of & plenty of

a great deal of 意为“很多，大量” ，修饰不可数名词。

a great number of 意为“很多，大量”，修饰可数名词。

e.g. A great deal of their work is unpaid.

e.g.


much 意为 “很多，大量”，修饰不可数名词。

many 意为“很多，大量”，修饰可数名词。

a lot of / lots of 意为“很多，众多”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。

plenty of 意为“很多，大量”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词。

e.g. many students / many suggestions

e.g. a lot of / lots of water e.g. a lot of / lots of computers

e.g. There’s plenty of labor. e.g. There were plenty of men with the same idea.

e.g. much money / much advice


before long 不久，不久以后e.g. I hope to be able to study abroad before long.

Comparison: long before & before longbefore long “ ”的意思是不久，很快。

long before表示“很久以前”，指的是从现在算起的很久以前，通常与一般过去时连用。

e.g. His plan seemed to be too difficult, but before long it proved to be practicable. 他的计划看起来太困难，但是没多久就被证明很实用。

e.g. I’ll be back before long. e.g. Before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了。

e.g. I knew him long before. 我很久以前就认识他了。


along with together with 随同，一起，一道 e.g. I will go along with you.

e.g. He was walking in the fields along with his dog.


set about start 开始，着手（做某事）e.g. You must set about your work at once.

e.g. We set about our task at once with great enthusiasm. 我们立刻兴致勃勃地干起来。

Notes: set out 开始，着手set on 攻击set forth 提出set off 出发，动身set aside ……把放到一边


eventually ad. at the end of a period of time or a series of events 最后，终于 e.g. He hated his stepfather and eventually ran away from home.

e.g. I was eventually granted an exit visa. 我终于获得了出境签证。


schedulen. 1) list or statement of details, esp. of times of doing things 计划（表）；日程表e.g. a publishing / production schedule

2) a list that shows the times of classes, buses and trains 〈美〉（学校里的）课程表；时刻表e.g. a bus / train / sailing schedule

e.g. a busy / heavy schedule

v. make plan or arrangement 安排；制定e.g. The meeting is scheduled for 10:00 a.m.


Collocations:

according to schedule 按预定计划；按事先安排ahead of schedule 提前behind schedule 迟于原定时间；落后于计划on schedule 按照预定计划


Have you decided to minor in philosophy?

major in specialize in (a certain subject) at college or university

主修；专修 e.g. He had his early schooling at his hometown and then at

Harvard University, majoring in English.

Comparison: major in & minor inmajor in 主修；专修

minor in 副修

e.g. He majored in chemistry at college.

e.g.


come along1) to arrive; to appear 到达，抵达；出现

2) to go somewhere with somebody 跟随；跟着来

3) to improve or develop in the way that you want 进步；进展

e.g. When the right opportunity comes along, she’ll take it.

e.g. I’m glad you came along. 有你跟我一起来，我很高兴。

e.g. Your French has come along a lot recently.


efficient a. doing something well and thoroughly with no waste of time, money, or energy 效率高的；有能力的 e.g. The heating system has recently been modified to make it mor

e efficient. 最近供暖设备已稍加改动以提高效率。

e.g. He’s efficient at this job. 他胜任这项工作。

Antonym: inefficient

Derivatives: efficiently ad. 效率高地，有效地 efficiency n. 效率，效能，功效


effective & efficient

efficient表示做事有效率，并能达到最好的结果。

effective 指事情进展得如所预期的那样，能产生预期效果的。

e.g. Fire is an efficient way to cook food, whereas leaving it in the sun is not. 用火烹调食物是有效率的方法，而把食物放在阳光下烤就不是了。

Comparison

:

e.g. Training is often less effective than expected. 培训常常没有预期的效果。


carry out1) to perform or cause to be implemented 执行，贯彻e.g. They swore an oath to carry out their duties faithfully.

2) to bring to completion; accomplish 完成，实现e.g. They carried out their plan without difficulty.


be short for an abbreviation or nickname for 是……的略语，简称

e.g. The UN is short for the United Nations.


purchase n. the act or process of buying something 购买；采购 e.g. Keep your receipt as proof of purchase. 保存好收据作为购货凭证。

e.g. The purchase price is less if you pay by cash.

v. to buy something 买；购买；采购

e.g. Have you decided to purchase a new car?


CEO: Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官executive n. someone who has an important job as a manager in a company （公司或商业机构的）主管，经理e.g. a publishing executive

e.g. lacking executive powers 缺乏执行权力


Criticizing your own work is very difficult.

criticize v.1) to say that you disapprove of somebody / something; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about somebody / something 批评；批判；挑剔；指责

e.g. The decision was criticized by environmental groups.

e.g. The government has been criticized for not taking the problem seriously.

e.g.

2) to judge the good and bad qualities of something 评论；评价


Collocation: criticize sb. / sth. (for sth.)

Notes: criticism n. 批评；批判；指责critical a. 爱挑剔的；紧急关头的；关键的critic n. 评论家；批评家


e.g. You have the alternative of marrying or remaining a bachelor. 你要么选择结婚，要么单身。

bachelor n. 1) a man who has never been married 未婚男子；单身汉

e.g. He is very proud of his bachelor’s degree.

2) a person who has a bachelor’s degree (= a first university degree) 学士


Collocations:

Bachelor of Arts / Engineering / Science

文学学士；工程学士；理学学士 bachelor’s degree 学士学位 master’s degree 硕士学位 PhD (=Doctor of Philosophy) abbr. 博士学位


humble a.1) showing you do not think that you are as important as other people 谦逊的；虚心的

2) having a low rank or social position （级别或地位）低下的，卑微的

e.g. Be humble enough to learn from your mistakes.

e.g. He is a man of humble birth. 他出身卑微。


v. 1) to make somebody feel that they are not as good or important as they thought they were 贬低；使感到卑微

2) to easily defeat an opponent, especially a strong or powerful one 轻松打败（尤指强大的对手）

e.g. He was humbled by her generosity.

e.g. The world champion was humbled last night in three rounds.


After Reading-Summary1

Directions: Fill in each blank with one word based on Text A.

As an extremely and intelligent child, Bill Gates

had read the World Book Encyclopedia by the age of nine.

At the age of 13 he was an at working the school’s

computer. After his graduation from school, He

attended Harvard University. By 1975, Gates and Paul Allen had

a software program called BASIC. Then he dropped

out of the university and went to work time for his new

energetic________

entire_____expert_____

secondary_________

developed _________full ____


After Reading-Summary2

company, Microsoft. The software program DOS him

famous and very rich. By 1992, as CEO of the Microsoft

Corporation, he became the man in America. Along the

way he gained a for fierce competitiveness. In spite

of his great wealth, Gates is still living a and ordinary

life.

made_____

richest______reputation_________

humble______


a great deal of time and effort

Useful Expressions1

1. 实现目标 achieve the goal

2. 按……取名 name after …

3. 精力旺盛，才智过人

extremely energetic and intelligent

4. 在校期间 at school

5. 成为嘲笑的对象 the object of jokes

6. 对待，看待 treat … as …

7. 做游戏 play game

8. 所有的业余时间 all of one’s spare time

Directions: Translate the following phrases into English.

10.大量的时间和精力 9. 在……岁的时候 at the age of


尽管

Useful Expressions2

11. an expert at … …… 的专家 12. set about doing 着手做 13. after graduation from secondary school 中学毕业之后14. top universities 顶尖大学 15. major in … 主修……16. carry out instructions 执行指令

Directions: Translate the following phrases into Chinese.

17. around the world 世界各地18. make decisions 做出决定19. regard … as … 认为，视作20. in spite of


Writing1

Directions: Write a composition of about 100 words based on the following topic: My View on Success.

Sample


Writing2

My View on Success

What is the most important element in one’s success? Some believe that success lies in hard work. If people are not hard-working, there would be no chances for them to make more progress. Others may think that success depends on opportunity. Where there is opportunity, there is success. In my view, both working hard and seizing the opportunity are very important. For one thing, working hard is essential for one’s success. If there is a chance coming to you, and you are not prepared for the challenge, the result may be pessimistic. pessimistic.


Writing3

For another, opportunity is a necessary factor for one’s success. It must be difficult for you to reach the goal, if you are not given a chance. On the contrary, if you seize the opportunity, you are on the way to win the game. In a word, people who desire success must get ready to work hard when opportunity knocks at their doors.


Internet Activity1

Directions: Organize yourselves into groups of five or six to search the Internet for more information about Bill Gates and Microsoft. Each group will prepare a PowerPoint presentation on the reasons for Bill Gates’ great success in his career. After preparation, you may present your reports to the class.

Reference Answers:


Internet Activity2

1

.

2

.

3

.

4

.

He took a risk on starting his own

business.

He put his intelligence and his talents

with computers to good use.

He worked hard to get Microsoft off the

ground.

He invented an operating system that

was better than anything else at the

time, and it became the industry

standard.


Internet Activity3

5

.

6

.

7

.

8

.

He expanded his success with Windows and developed

other software applications that are useful and user-friendly.

He has provided thousands of people with jobs.

He gives huge amounts of money to charity every year.He’s living the American dream.

He took advantage of the

opportunities he was given and

became a very successful

entrepreneur.


Oral Work

Video Clip

Exercises for Understanding

Fun Time


Oral Work1.1

e.g. Celine Dion is a famous singer. I think she grew up in …

Directions: Look at these people. What are they famous for? What do you know about them?


Oral Work1.2


grew up with 13 brothers and sisters in Canada.

Oral Work2.1

Directions: In the following box are the names of some famous people. Complete each sentence by writing the right name in each blank.

Celine Dion Chou Yun-Fat Michael Jackson Michael Jordan Barack Obama Julia Roberts Diana Spencer Hillary Clinton

was born in Hawaii, his father was a student

from Kenya and his mother was a white Kansas.

Barack Obama_____________1.

2. Celine Dion__________


Oral Work2.2


entered Wellesley College in 1965 and

moved on to Yale Law School.

3. Hillary Clinton_____________

has the nickname “Air Jordon”.4. Michael Jordan______________

was referred to as the King of Pop. 5. Michael Jackson______________


was born in Hong Kong in 1955.

died tragically in a car crash in France.

Oral Work2.4


6.

7.

Diana Spencer_____________

Chou Yun-Fat____________

never dreamed she would become the most

popular actress in America.

8. Julia Roberts___________


Oral Work3

Directions: Discuss the following questions.

1)

2)

3)

Who is the most famous athlete / singer / politician /

actor in your country?

What famous people do you admire? Why?

Imagine you can be famous one day. Who would you

like to be? Why would you like to be that person?


Video Clip 1

Directions: Fill in the following blanks according to the video clip.


Video Clip 1_pop


Video Clip 2

Bill Gates’ Graduation Speech in Harvard

1.2.

3.

4.

5.

Bill Gates was called Harvard’s most successful .In Bill’s college life, he was made

Bill described the life at Harvard as in the midst of so much energy and intelligence.According to Bill, he was transformed by at Harvard, he made, and he worked on.Bill left Harvard without which he sees it as his big regret.

dropout_______the leader of the anti-social

group_______________________

______.

challenging__________

his years________the friendships____________ the ideas________

noticing the awful inequities in the

world____________________________

______,


I applaud the graduates for taking a much more direct route to your degrees. For my part, I’m just happy that the Crimson has called me “Harvard’s most successful dropout.” I guess that makes me valedictorian of my own special class … I did the best of everyone who failed.

Video Clip 1_pop_Script1

President Bok, former President Rudenstine, incoming President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, parents, and especially, the graduates. I’ve been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you I’d come back and get my degree.” I want to thank Harvard for this honor. I’ll be changing my job next year … and it will be nice to finally have a college degree on my resume.



But I also want to be recognized as the guy who got Steve Ballmer to drop out of business school. I’m a bad influence. That’s why I was invited to speak at your graduation. If I had spoken at your orientation, fewer of you might be here today.

Harvard was a phenomenal experience for me. Academic life was fascinating. I used to sit in on lots of classes I hadn’t even signed up for. And dorm life was terrific. I lived up at Radcliffe, in Currier House. There were always lots of people in my dorm room late at night discussing things, because everyone knew I didn’t worry about getting up in the morning. That’s how I came to be the leader of the anti-social group. We clung to each other as a way of validating our rejection of all those social people.



Radcliffe was a great place to live. There were more women up there, and most of the guys were math-science types. That combination offered me the best odds, if you know what I mean. This is where I learned the sad lesson that improving your odds doesn’t guarantee success. One of my biggest memories of Harvard came in January 1975, when I made a call from Currier House to a company in Albuquerque, New Mexico that had begun making the world’s first personal computers. I offered to sell them software. I worried they would realize I was just a student in a dorm and hang up on me. Instead they said: “We’re not quite ready, come see us in a month,” which was a good thing, because we hadn’t written the software yet. From that moment, I worked day and night on the extra credit card project that marked the end of my college education and the beginning of a remarkable journey with Microsoft.



What I remember above all about Harvard was being in the midst of so much energy and intelligence. It could be exhilarating, intimidating, sometimes even discouraging, but always challenging. It was an amazing privilege — and though I left early, I was transformed by my years at Harvard, the friendships I made, and the ideas I worked on.

But taking a serious look back … I do have one big regret. I left Harvard with no real awareness of the awful inequities in the world — the appalling disparities of health, and wealth, and opportunity that condemn millions of people to lives of despair. I learned a lot here at Harvard about new ideas in economics and politics. I got great exposure to the advances being made in the sciences. But humanity’s greatest advances are not in its discoveries — but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity.


Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage.

For each blank there are four choices marked A,

B, C and D. Choose the one that best fits into

the passage.


1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A

Henry Ford didn’t always pay attention in school. One day, he

and a friend took a watch 1 . Angry and upset, the teacher told

them both to 2 after school. Their punishment was to stay

until they had 3 the watch. But the teacher did not know

young Ford’s talent. In ten minutes, this mechanical 4 had

repaired the watch and was on his way home.

1. A. alert2. A. start3. A. fixed4. A. genius

B. apartB. leaveB. placedB. fool

C. alikeC. stayC. equippedC. inventor

D. aliveD. continueD. foundD. investor


Ford was always 5 in how things worked. He once plugged

up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire. Then he waited to

see 6 would happen. The water boiled and, of course, turned to

steam. Since the steam had no way to 7 , the teapot exploded.

The explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window. The young

inventor was 8 scolded .

5. D 6. D 7. B 8. C

5. A. relieved6. A. where7. A. shift8. A. painfully

B. satisfiedB. which B. escapeB. awfully

C. disappointedC. howC. reactC. badly

D. interested D. what D. presentD. sorrowfully


Ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid 9 . He dreamed

of a horseless carriage. When he built one, the world of 10 was

changed forever.

9. A 10. B

9. A. off 10. A. transmission

B. back B. transportation

C. forC. transform

D. awayD. translation


2. The skinny, left-handed boy with big feet and a squeaky voice

was often the object of jokes and found himself

(被同龄人当局外人对待 ).

Directions: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English.

1. His favorite subjects at school were science and math and

(他最喜欢的消遣方式是“思考” ).

his favorite pastime was “thinking”_____________________________

treated asan outsider by his peers

_________

____________________


3. ( 中学毕业之后 ),

Gates was accepted by the three top universities in the USA —

Princeton, Harvard and Yale.

4. As CEO of Microsoft, (盖茨是位尽人皆知的杰出人士 ), but one who is not easily satisfied.

5. (尽管盖茨拥有巨额财富 ), Gates is

still living a humble and ordinary life.

After his graduation from secondary school ____________________________________

Gates is known as a brilliant man____________________________

In spite of his great wealth ______________________


Quotations on Success 关于成功的名言

1. I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. — Thomas Hardy, British poet and novelist

可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力、努力、再努力。

——英国诗人、小说家哈代


2. Success often depends upon knowing how long it will take to succeed. — Charles Montesquieu, French thinker

成功常常取决于知道需要多久才能成功。

——法国思想家孟德斯鸠3. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, they make them. — George Bernard Shaw, British dramatist

在这个世界上，取得成功的人是那些努力寻找他们想要的机会的人，如果找不到机会，他们就去创造机会。 ——英国剧作家肖伯纳


4. Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. — Louis Pasteur, French chemist

意志、工作和等待是成功金字塔的基石。

——法国化学家巴斯德

5. You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success. — Charles Chaplin, American actor

人必须相信自己，这是成功的秘诀。 ——美国演员卓别林


Tongue Twister:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Two tiny tigers take two taxis to town.

Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?

A cricket critically cricked at a critical cricket match.

The great Greek grape growers grow great Greek grapes.

If you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is no

t worth noticing.

If two witches would watch two watches, which witch woul

d watch which watch?


7.

8.

9.

10.

She sells sea shells on the seashore. The seashells she sells are seashells she is sure.Picky people pick Peter Pan Peanut Butter. Peter Pan Peanut is the peanut picky people pick.How many cookies could a good cook cook, if a good cook could cook cookies? A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn’t the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldn’t have thought so much.


Introductory Remarks

Cultural Notes

Scanning


This text is about the interview of Pelé, King of Soccer. Pelé feels proud of his physical condition even when he is 61 years old. In recent years he has been traveling around the world helping to promote the World Cup. He thinks that sport is a big familyfamily for the whole world and football can bring people together. He thinks that loyalty to his country is more important than financial income. Pelé always feels happy because he still has his dreams about playing for Brazil.


1. Passos Pelé

He is the first soccer player to achiev

e massive international acclaim. Apart fr

om his popularity, Pelé’s life story is the

ultimate soccer dream. He began as a po

or boy from the slums in Brazil but earne

d fame and fortune through his talent on t

he pitch. Merely at


the age of 17, Pelé was recruited to Brazil’s World Cup squad.

His two goals at the 1958 World Cup final established himself

as a soccer superstar. Pelé scored the first goal of the 1970 Wo

rld Cup final, which opened the floodgates to Brazil’s crushing

4-1 victory and reclaimed Pelé as the “King of Soccer”. He eve

ntually retired as the only player with over 1000 goals in profe

ssional football.


2. the World Cup

The FIFA World Cup, occasionally calle

d the Football World Cup, but usually referr

ed to simply as the World Cup, is an internat

ional football competition contested by the

men’s national teams of the members of Féd

ération Internationale de Football Associati

on (FIFA), the sport’s global governing bod

y. The current format of the tournament


tournament involves 32 teams competing for the title at venues

within the host nation(s) over a period of about a month — this

phase is often called the World Cup Finals. The World Cup is t

he most widely-viewed sporting event in the world. The last W

orld Cup was held in South Africa, between 11 June and 11 Jul

y 2010, and the 2014 World Cup will be held in Brazil.


Directions: Scan Text B and answer the following questions.

He thinks he has been very lucky with good health because he has played much sport. Even though he is 61 years old, he feels younger inside his heart.

1) Why does Pelé feel proud of his physical condition even when he is 61 years old?


He has been traveling all over the world helping to promote the World Cup — the Far East, Europe. Sometimes he is interviewed by the journalists, or speaks to lots of television stations.

2) What has Pelé been doing mostly in recent years?

To him, football is more important than politics. Sport is a big family for the whole world and football can bring people together.

3) In what way does football help to break down racial barriers?


He thinks it’s natural that football generates a lot of money and money can arouse some financial problems. But he thinks that loyalty to his country and love for his family is more important than money.

4) What does Pelé think of the relationship between football and money?


Getting up early? Me? If I have to, it’s not a problem, but don’t forget I am Brazilian. We like to take life easy. I get up when I wake up. Breakfast is lots of fresh fruit. No junk food. Even though I do not play professional football any more, I still try to keep fit and healthy. I have a gym in my house but I spend a lot of time playing tennis. Tennis is good exercise — like football, it keeps you constantly on the move. I occasionally play golf, but I always say I am too young for golf. I’ll save that until

A Day in the Life of Pelé

Interview by Danny Scott

I’m 70.


Considering how much sport I have played, I have been very lucky with my health. My weight is pretty good. I am only around 80 kilos — just a few more than when I retired in 1977. Even though I am 61 years old, it still feels good to exercise. Inside, I do not think that I am 61. When I was a child, football was my escape. Like any kid, I occasionally got into trouble, but this game was always there for me. My mother was not very happy about me playing — she worried about me being out on the streets all the time — but I could not stop myself. I would even make a ball out of old socks and kick it around the house.


Text B Detailed Reading 3

I have been all over the world helping to promote the World

Cup — the Far East, Europe. Today I am speaking to lots of Eur

opean television stations, so I have to look smart. After lunch I p

ut on my suit and tie, and I am ready to be a different Pelé. On th

e field I run around all the time, but now I have to sit in a chair.

Sometimes that is difficult for me because I am still very passion

ate when I speak about football. To me, football is more importa

nt than politics. Football can bring people together. Sport is a big

family for the whole world. Take an issue like racism.


Text B Detailed Reading 4

In my first World Cup, Brazil was the only team to have black

players. Some of the people that came to watch the matches

had never even seen a black person before. I remember they

used to try and touch my skin to see if it was real. But now you

have players from all races and all nations. There are still

problems with racism today, but I think sport has helped to break

down some of those barriers.

Football generates a lot of money and where there is money

there are problems. But that is the nature of the modern game.

Without the big sponsorship deals, football would not survive.


People always ask me if footballers today are getting paid too

much money. I tell them we live in a democratic world. If a

player can offer his services to a higher bidder, then that is his

choice. The career of a footballer is maybe 15 years. He has to

earn all of the money that will make sure his family will be okay

when he is not working. But I think that some of the big clubs

have to be careful about letting the wages get out of control.

Personally, I do not like it when players move to a different club

each season just to get more money. When I was 17, I had many

offers from Europe.


I was even offered stocks and shares in the Fiat company if I pla

yed for Juventus. But I did not care about the money. I wanted to

stay in Brazil with my family. Where is the loyalty, I ask. You h

ear footballers say: “Oh, I love my club.” It is not the club that t

hey love — it is the money.

Tonight I am flying home to Brazil, so I will have to sleep on

the plane. But it’s okay. I travel so much that I am used to it.

Now that it is almost time for the World Cup to start, I will prob

ably dream about playing for Brazil.


For two nights this week, I dreamt that Brazil has made it to th

e final and that I have scored the winning goal. At 61 years old,

maybe that is too much even for Pelé. Maybe. But it’s a nice dre

am, eh? It means that I always go to sleep feeling very happy.


Even though I do not play professional football any more, I still try to keep fit and healthy.


此句中 even though / if 意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 not … any more 的意思是“不再”，同义词组还有“ no more” ，“ no longer” 。

即使不再踢职业足球了，我仍然努力保持健康。Translate the sentence.


Considering how much sport I have played, I have been very lucky with my health.


句首的 considering “ ……一词的意思是考虑到；就而言；”鉴于，后面可加 that，也可省略。

考虑到我进行过那么多的体育运动，我很幸运自己的身体还这么健康。


e.g. Considering the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.


Some of the people that came to watch the matches had never even seen a black person before.


“句中的 that came to watch the matches” 是定语从句，修饰“ some of the people” “ ”，表示来看比赛的一些人。

来看比赛的一些人甚至之前从未见过一个黑人。Translate the sentence into Chinese.


Without the big sponsorship deals, football would not survive.


“此句为虚拟语气。句中的词组 without the big sponsorship deals” “的意思是 if there were not the big sponsorship deals”。

没有赞助商的巨资支持，足球将无法生存。



I travel so much that I am used to it.


“句中的 so … that” “ …… ……”的意思是如此以至于，引导结果状语从句。

我旅行了这么久，已经习惯了。



I dreamt that Brazil has made it to the final and that I have scored the winning goal.


“句中 that Brazil has made it to the final” “和 that I have scored the winning goal”都是宾语从句。

我都梦见巴西队打入了决赛，而且是我踢进了制胜的一球。



e.g. He constantly writes articles for the local paper.

e.g. He constantly strayed from the main point of his talk.

constantly ad. all the time; repeatedly 始终；一直；重复不断地


e.g. Diligent students occasionally fail this subject.

e.g. Occasionally Alice would look up from her books.

occasionally ad. sometimes but not often 偶然；偶尔；有时候


e.g. She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.

e.g. She fell badly, spraining her ankle, and had to retire.

retire v.1) to stop doing your job, especially because you have reached a particular age or because you are ill / sick; to tell somebody they must stop doing their job （令）退职；（使）退休

2) to stop competing during a game, race, etc., usually because you are injured （因伤）退出（比赛等）


Collocation:

3) to leave a place, especially to go somewhere quieter or more private 离开（尤指去僻静处） e.g. After dinner he likes to retire to his study.

晚饭后，他喜欢躲到书房里去。

retire (from sth.) （从……）退休，退出

Derivative: retirement n. 退休


e.g. We must promote commerce with neighboring countries.

promote v. 1) to help something to happen or develop 促进；推动

2) to help sell a product, service, etc. or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special price 促销；推销

e.g. The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.

e.g. The area is being promoted as a tourist destination.


3) to move somebody to a higher rank or more senior job 提升；晋升

e.g. The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.

Derivative: promotion n. 促进；提升


e.g. The party was divided on this issue.

issuen. 1) an important topic that people are discussing or arguing about 重要议题；争论的问题

e.g. Money is not an issue.

2) a problem or worry that somebody has with something （有关某事的）问题，担忧

3) one of a regular series of magazines or newspapers 一期；期号


e.g. New members will be issued with a temporary identity card.

e.g. We issue a monthly newsletter.

v. 1) to give something to somebody, especially officially （正式）发给，供给

2) to produce something such as a magazine, article, etc. 出版；发表


e.g. This new boiler generates more heat than the old one.

generate v.1) to produce or create something 生成，产生

2) cause, lead to 引起 , 导致

e.g. This book will continue to generate excitement for a long time.


e.g. Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.

2) to continue to live or exist in spite of a dangerous event or time 幸存；幸免于难；挺过；艰难度过 e.g. The company managed to survive the crisis.

survive v. 1) to continue to live or exist 生存；存活；继续存在

e.g. I can’t survive on £40 a week.

e.g. Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.


e.g. Henry survived his wife for three years.

Collocation:

3) to live or exist longer than somebody / something 比……活（或存在）的时间长

survive from sth. 幸存；幸免于难

Synonym: outlive 比……长寿

Derivative: survival n. 幸存survivor n. 幸存者


e.g. Wages are paid on Fridays. e.g. There are extra benefits for people on low wages.

wage n. a regular amount of money that you earn, usually every week, for work or services （通常指按周领的）工资，工钱


Teachers, government officials and clerks receive salaries.

e.g. The young wage-earner often earns good money.

Comparison:

wage & salary wage 一般指按星期甚至按天发的工资，领取工资者通常是做体力劳动的人。

salary 指按月发的薪水，领取薪水者通常是经过培训而具有特殊技能或专门知识的人。

e.g.

e.g. The government has pledged itself to wage a war against poverty and disease.

Collocation: wage sth. (against / on sb. / sth.)

v. to begin and continue a war, a battle, etc. 开始，发动，进行，继续（战争、战斗等）


e.g. Personally, I prefer the second option.

e.g. All letters will be answered personally.

personally ad. 1) used to show that you are giving your own opinion about something 就本人而言；就个人意见

2) by a particular person rather than by somebody acting for them 本人；亲自

3) in a way that is connected with one particular person rather than a group of people 个别地；单个地 e.g. You will be held personally responsible for any loss or

breakage.

Documents

Unit 5 Gates and Pelé Warm-up Activities Questions About Microsoft Listening Activities Bill Gates Steps Aside at Microsoft Mottoes of Bill Gates *BR_