Unit 5

•Georgia’s Colonization

Today in Georgia historyhttp://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/

Georgia Performance Standards

SS8H2 The student will analyze the colonial period of Georgia’s history. a. Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity, economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s colonial history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers, Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish threat from Florida.c. Explain the development of Georgia as a royal colony with regard to land ownership, slavery, government, and the impact of the royal governors.

WHAT ROLE DID JAMES OGLETHORPE, TOMOCHICHI, AND MARY MUSGROVE PLAY IN THE COLONIZATIONOF GEORGIA?

Essential Question

Who was James Oglethorpe?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUZ_sxjV_Bo

James OglethorpeOne of the founders of GAnegotiated treaties with the Native Americansmade regulations (guideline or rules) about what the colonists could and could not doentrusted by King George II to manage the colony of Georgia (along with the other trustees)

James Oglethorpe

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/james-oglethorpe-died

Monument in Chippewa SquareFaces to symbolize the threat of Spain to the Georgia colony

TomochichiChief of the Yamacraw IndiansAllowed Oglethorpe to settle in Yamacraw BluffAdvised Oglethorpe on matters of Indian affairs and on matters with the Spanish so colony could be successful and safeWas useful in getting other indian tribes as allies to Oglethorpe

Tomochichi

http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/tomochichi

Monument located in Wright SquareHe is actually buried in the center of the square.Monument is in one corner of the square

Mary Musgrove

Translator for Oglethorpe and Tomochichihelped the peaceful relationship between Indians and colonistsoperated a trading post in SavannahMusgrove served as Oglethorpe’s personal interpreter from 1733-1743.

Mary Musgrove

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/mary_musgrove

James Oglethorpe with Tomochichi and Mary Musgrove

WHY WERE THE CHARTER OF 1732 AND THE CITY OF SAVANNAH IMPORTANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THEGA COLONY?

Essential Question

Reasons for SettlementCharity – to give the English poor a fresh start (This never really happens)Economics – able to produce products (rice, indigo, wine, and silk that came from silk worms that lived in Mulberry trees.) These goods couldn’t be produced in England.Defense – GA prevented SC from being attacked by enemies; a military “buffer” colony (#1 reason for starting the colony)

Charter of 1732http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/georgia-charter-issued-trustees

The colony would be governed by the 20 Trustees and OglethorpeEstablished that all land between Altamaha and Savannah Rivers to the south seas would be GA and established the town of Savannah on Yamacraw BluffWHY: 1) protection from Spanish, French, and Native Americans, 2) provide resources for Britain, 3) populate the colony with “worthy poor”

Charter of 1732 rules for colony

rules would eventually lead to discontent amongst the colonists.forbade rum or any “hard liquor” (They could have beer & wine) and slavery banned liquor dealers, lawyers, and Catholics from the colonycolonists required to defend the colony, grow mulberry trees (why?)

Charter of 1732 rules

could not sell their landland could not be passed down to female heirsobey all of the Trustees’ rulesThere was a prohibition of Jews from settling in GA in original charter, but early on, in 1733 Portuguese Jews arrived and were allowed to settle

Jewish settlement

1733, the ship, William and Sarah, carrying 42 Jews who would go on to found Congregation Mickve Isreal--the third oldest congregation in the United States--arrived at Savannah.Oglethorpe allowed the passengers to disembark largely because of one of the ship's passengers, Portuguese physician Dr. Samuel Nunez, who, when allowed to disembark and practice medicine, greatly reduced the number of colonist deaths from yellow fever and other ailments. Their previous doc had died.

City of Savannah

The city of Savannah is Georgia’s first city and former capital Savannah was Georgia’s capital until 1786The city is unique due to the fact that it is one of North America’s first “planned towns,” though no one is quite sure who influenced its plan.

Savannah

has played an important social, economic, and political role in the state’s history from its creation in 1733.

HOW DID THE TRUSTEE PERIOD CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GA COLONY?

Essential Question

Trustee Period

trustees were for the most part religious men and social reformerswanted to start a colony of self-sufficient yeomen farmers who did not involve themselves in alcohol and slavery. British government hoped for a colony that could produce agricultural products that Britain was having to import from other countries. (Silk, wine…)This is Mercantilism.

Trustee period

Georgia did not prove successful in producing the goods for which it was originally intented. BUT…It proved to be a successful bufferGeorgia did prove its worth by successfully defending both South Carolina and itself from the Spanish threat from Florida.

Trustee period

Trustee period ended one year before the Charter of 1732 was set to expire. In sum, the lofty goals of the trustees never came to pass.

WHAT ROLE DID THE SALZBURGERS, HIGHLAND SCOTS, AND MALCONTENTS PLAY DURING THE TRUSTEE PERIOD?

Essential Question

Salzburgers & Highland Scots

During the Trustee period fascinating groups of people immigrated to Georgia. Two of these groups were the Salzburgers and Highland Scots. Both of these cultures made major contributions to the colony and to the history of Georgia

Salzburgers

peaceful and hard working German speaking protestant refugees from present day Austria who left home due to religious persecutionSettled in EbenezerExtremely loyal to trustees; anti-slaverySuccessful with silk production

Highland Scots

brought to Georgia by James Oglethorpe based on their reputation for being some of the best soldiers in the worldSkilled fighters who protected the GA colonyhttp://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/scottish_highlanders

malcontents

Soon after the first colonists arrived in Georgia they began to voice displeasure with the rules established by James Oglethorpe and the Trustees. These dissenters became known as the “Malcontents.” Malcontents had paid their own way to the colony & were not financially obligated to the Trustees.

MalcontentsThe Malcontents complained about the limits the Trustees placed on land, the right to buy rum, and most importantly, the ban on slavery. After over 10 years of Malcontent complaints, in 1751, the Trustees ended restrictions on land ownership and legalized slavery; thus forever changing Georgia’s history.

Malcontents effect

Their complaints led to the trustee’s to turn the control of the colony back to the king, causing the colony to become a royal colony

HOW WERE THE SPANISH A THREAT TO THE GA COLONY?

Essential Question

Spanish threat from Florida

Spain controlled FL and wanted to control GAFL was a safe haven for slaves who ran away from the GA colonistsGA colonists feared that Catholicism would spread

HOW DID THE ROYAL COLONY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF GA?

Essential Question

Royal ColonyRules concerning landownership, rum, and slavery were relaxed or endedTrustee period and the colony of Georgia profoundly changed during the Royal period. The trustees, frustrated with the lack of economic and social success of the colony, returned the colony to the king; one year before the expiration of the Charter of 1732.

Royal colony

Colony was able to develop b/c colonists could have larger plots of land.The larger plots of land allowed for more crops.More crops led to more money.

Government

Self-government

Slavery

Slavery allowed for the colonists to get larger plots of land and make more profits

WHAT IMPACT DID THE ROYAL GOVERNORS HAVE ON THE COLONY?

Essential Question

1st Royal Governor John Reynolds

At first, warmly welcomed by GA colonistsa new charter established that allowed for an assembly, a court system, and elected officers for the first time.Ended up having problems with colonists and Native Americans and was recalled by king

2nd Royal Governor Henry Ellis

credited for bringing self-government to Georgia divided GA into eight parishes (later counties) as well as working to keep the Creek Indians neutral during a war with Cherokee. Left due to ill health

3rd Royal Governor James Wright

Remembered for expanding GA by encouraging settlement into the state by other North American colonists & gaining land due to 2 Indian land cessions

Arrest Warrant for Governor

Wright

He delayed rebellious activity in Georgia. Yet he could not stop the growing dissatisfaction with colonial rule. In January 1776, a group of patriots led by Joseph Habersham issued an arrest warrant for Governor Wright and briefly took him prisoner. Within a month, Wright broke his parole and fled Savannah for London on the British Navy man-of-war, the HMS

Scarborough.

Impact of royal governors

Self-government was establishedRights given to colonistsImproved economic developments

WHAT IMPACT DID CLIMATE HAVE ON GA’S DEVELOPMENT?

Essential Question

impact of climate on GA’s development

http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/daily_life_in_georgiaImpacted negativelyHot climate made the silk crop have difficulty growingSome colonists moved away to a different climate.

WHAT GOODS AND SERVICES WERE PRODUCED DURING THIS TIME IN GA HISTORY?

Essential Question

Goods and Services during this period in

historyGoods – W.R.I.S.T: Wheat, rice, Indigo, silk, Tobaccocotton, furs, timber were addedServices – blacksmithing, ship repair, doctor, plant husbandry, tailors