Warm Up ①  Explain how the following each led to

reforms:

①  Women:

②  2nd Great Awakening:

③  Transcendentalism:

④  Rapid Changes in USA:

Results and Effects

2nd Great Awakening & Transcendentalism

Asylum & Penal Reform

led to moral and social reforms

Temperance

Asylum & Penal Reform

Education

Abolitionism

Women’s

Rights

Education Reform Leaders: Horace Mann

GOALS: to educate all Americans

REASON: more Americans were qualified to vote and needed to be able to make wise decisions about their government

Early American Schools I.  Most schools were poorly funded II.  Teachers lacked training III. Restrictions were placed on who could

attend schools A.  (Girls and African Americans)

Schools Undergo Reform I.  In the early 1800s, school attendance was not

mandatory A.  Most children did not attend school and instead

worked to help their family

II.  Reformers demanded tax-supported public education arguing to business leaders needed educated workers

III.  During the 19th Century the first tax-supported

public schools were formed.

Education Reform I.  Horace Mann was the leader of

education reform in the US A.  Established teacher training courses

and curriculum reform. B.  Pushed for both men and women to

have access to public education C.  Believed that education was

essential to the success of democracy.

II.  He created the first state Board of Education in Massachusetts

III.  Other states soon followed and created educational reforms

IV.  Soon every state offered public education to its citizens

Women’s Rights Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia

Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth

REASON: women did not have the same rights as men

GOAL: obtain equal rights for women, including suffrage, right to own property, and education

Women Before Reform I.  Women were inferior to men.

A.  Couldn’t vote, own property, file a lawsuit B.  Female workers were paid significantly less than male

workers II.  Women should attend only to household and

family duties—and to their husbands. III.  Matters of business, government, and politics

should be handled by men. IV.   Cult of domesticity: This movement urged

women to remain in the home environment.

Women and Reform I.  Women reformers demanded society provide

women with equal rights

II.  Women’s rights expanded their efforts to movements such as abolition and temperance

III.  Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

formed the first women’s rights society. IV.  Many middle-class, white women were inspired by

religion and joined various reform movements.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Lucretia Mott

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Women’s Rights I.  1848: Feminist reform led to Seneca Falls

Convention A.  Launched modern women’s rights movement B.  Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott

I.  They wrote a “Declaration of Sentiments”

modeled after the Declaration of Independence. A.  Replaced the word man & men with men and

women B.  Argued that women and men should have equal

rights II.  Attendees agreed that men and women were equal,

women should participate in public issues, and women should have suffrage rights; the right to vote.

Women’s Rights I.  The Seneca Falls Convention marked the beginning

of the organized women’s rights movement. II.  Following the convention, women did not achieve all

of their demands. They did, however overcome some obstacles.

A.  Many states passed laws permitting women to own their own property and keep their own earnings.

III.  Most politicians ignored or acted hostile to the issue of women’s rights

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY Leaders: Quakers, Frederick Douglass,

Sojourner Truth, William Lloyd Garrison, anti-slavery groups

GOAL: end slavery

REASON: it is immoral for one person to own another

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY I.  By 1840, nearly 2.5

million enslaved people lived in the South.

II.  At one time, the North

also had slavery. By 1804 every Northern state legislature had passed laws to eliminate it.

III.  The Southern economy,

though, depended on slave labor.

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY I.  Organized antislavery

movements began after the Revolutionary War.

II.  A religious group, the Quakers,

started the abolition movement. Quakers opposed slavery and In 1775 the Quakers organized the first antislavery society.

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY I.  In 1831 white abolitionist

William Lloyd Garrison founded The Liberator, a Boston anti-slavery newspaper.

II.  Garrison demanded the immediate emancipation, or freeing, of all enslaved persons.

III.  He urged abolitionists to take action and gained support for the abolition movement

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY I.  The most important

spokesperson for the cause was Frederick Douglass.

II.  Douglas was born into slavery but escaped in 1838 and settled in Massachusetts.

III.  He captivated audiences by talking about his life as a slave

IV.  He spoke out against slavery and pushed the abolition movement forward

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY I.  Many abolitionists did

more than discuss slavery, they became “conductors” on the Underground Railroad.

II.  The Underground Railroad began around 1817 and was not an actual railroad but a series of houses where conductors hid runaway slaves to get them to the north where they could be free

Nat Turner’s Rebellion I.  Some slaves took the cause of abolition into their own

hand

II.  August of 1831 Nat Turner (a slave) began a violent slave rebellion in Virginia in an attempt to end slavery

III.  Turner and 70 other slaves began violently murdering all white men, women and children

IV.  Nat Turner and his fellow slaves involved in the rebellion were executed ending the armed rebellion

V.  Turner’s rebellion paved the way for other armed resistance by slaves...

An Era of Reform I.  The 1830s are a time period of great reform in the

United States…

II.  The 2nd Great Awakening, Trancendentalism, Women and the rapid changes in American society led to five major reforms

III.  These reforms had a lasting impact on American society and will set the stage for future conflict between two regions in the United States...

Are You With Me??? A.  Tell me the WHO (who was the leader), WHAT (what

happened as a result of it) and WHY (why did society undergo reform for the issue) of the five reforms of the 19th Century:

1)  Abolition:

2)  Temperance:

3)  Women’s Rights:

4)  Asylum Reform:

5)  Education: