Unit 6: Building Technology in Construction Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction Lesson Objective To be able

Unit 6: Building Technology in Construction

Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction

Lesson Objective

To be able to explain the different plant required in building construction

L04: Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction


Excavators and Earthmoving Equipment




Excavators

There are two types excavators:-•360 degree excavator•Backhoe excavators which can only move 180 degrees

The most common excavator is the JCB 3CX which is very versatile and can have many attachments incorporated onto its hydraulics. Excavators have two movable forms: wheeled and tracked.

They are used mainly in demolition and earth excavation and removal but can also be used to lift materials if certified to do so.


Front Loader and Backhoe



Wheeled Front Loading Shovel



Motorised Scraper



Back-acter



Trenching Machine




Dumper trucks

A dumper truck is a truck used for transporting loose material (such as sand, gravel, or dirt).

A typical dump truck is equipped with an open-box bed, which is hinged at the rear and equipped with hydraulic pistons to lift the front, allowing the material in the bed to be deposited on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery.


5T Dumper



Articulated Dumper



Dump Truck



Motorised Grader



Forklift trucks

On construction sites, forklift trucks have large off-road tyres in order to cope with the rough terrain of construction sites conditions.

This type of plant is ideal for the unloading and distribution of materials in any 360 degree location, both vertically and horizontally.

Modern forklifts have telescopic booms that can be used to reach onto scaffolding platforms to deposit materials.



Forklift trucks




Trench Support systems

Are used to support the sides of excavations. They can take different forms:-

•Steel sheet piling driven in and propped•Hydraulic props between timber shores•Steel hydraulic trench boxes


Trench support systems



Cement mixers and silos

Cement mixers range from a full batching plant that can produce concrete down to a small bag mixer.

Cement silos and mortar producing plants should be used on larger construction sites where economies of scale can be obtained by purchasing raw materials in bulk.



Cement mixers and silos




Lesson Objective

To be able to explain the different infrastructure required on a building site




Lesson Objective

To be able to explain the different infrastructure required on a building site






Site Layout

Complete worksheet. What are temporary works need considerations?•Material storage•Site office/ store rooms•Canteens/toilets•Position for fixed plant•Temporay roads•Space required for scaffolding around the building•Position of temporary site services•Location of fixed plant•Security/ Lighting•Parking for staff and visitors•Waste•Protection of trees and buildings•Access in, out and around site•Site hoarding



What Temporary Services are required?

•Electricity supply•Water supply•Telephones/broadband•Drainage•Sewers/manholes/soakaways



Site Layout


Supply of building materials

Many materials are supplied in construction and these are either sourced:-

• From the manufacturer directly where bulk amounts can be purchased

• From a distributor such as a builder’s merchant where smaller lots can be purchased.

When purchasing materials it is best to select the ‘crane off load option’.

Why?

Materials should be left on pallets and wrapped where possible.

Why?

Traffic Management and Site Logistics



Just-in-time (JIT)

One of the core problems in construction is that there is often too much material on site.

What are the potential problems?:

• congestion which impedes work and creates safety hazards;

• damage to materials in handling and storage;

• double handling when materials have to be moved from one work-face to another; and

• reduced productivity.




Construction Consolidation Centres (CCC)

The CCC allows the implementation of JIT while at the same time drastically reducing the transport volumes and carbon emissions.

It is particularly powerful in big city areas - in London, projects have achieved 70% reductions in emissions from site traffic.

Often successful strategy is to operate the CCC in combination with on site logistics specialists.


Documents

Unit 6: Building Technology in Construction Understand the implications of the issues and constraints on building construction Lesson Objective To be able