U N I T 6 : C O N V E RT I N G E N E R GY

HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS

REVIEW: RECALL THE REACTANTS FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION…

•What three major organ systems are directly involved in providing the reactants for

cellular respiration to the body cells?

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – BREAKS DOWN FOOD CONTAINING CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS INTO SMALLER UNITS

• Mouth – teeth, enzymes in saliva

• Pharynx –throat; common passage for food and air

• Esophagus – tube to stomach

• Stomach- acid, enzymes • Small intestine – major site

of digestion; macromolecules absorbed into bloodstream

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM – BREAKS DOWN FOOD CONTAINING CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS INTO SMALLER UNITS

• Large intestine – excess water absorbed

• Rectum/anus – solid waste excreted Liver – produces bile which digests fats

• Liver – produces bile which digests fats

• Gall bladder – releases bile into SI• Pancreas – excretes enzymes to

SI and produces hormones to regulate glucose levels in blood

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – TAKES IN OXYGEN GAS AND GETS RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE GAS

• Mouth/nose - air entry

• Pharynx – passage behind nasal and oral cavity

• Larynx – voice box; vocal cords• Trachea – wind pipe • Bronchi – branch to lungs

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – TAKES IN OXYGEN GAS AND GETS RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE GAS

• Lungs – contains bronchioles and alveoli

• Alveoli – grape-like clusters/sacs surrounded by capillaries; site of gas exchange

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM – CARRIES OXYGEN FROM LUNGS TO BODY CELLS AND CARBON DIOXIDE FROM CELLS TO LUNGS

• Heart – pumps blood • Arteries–carry blood

away from heart • Veins-return blood to

heart; have valves• Capillaries–tiny blood

vessels where gas exchange occurs with body cells • Hemoglobin–proteinin

blood that carries oxygen

EXCRETORY SYSTEM – REMOVES WASTE FROM THE BODY

• Kidneys – filter nitrogen waste (urea) from blood; control water balance

• Ureters – carries urea to bladder • Urinary Bladder – holds urine • Urethra- external opening

EXCRETORY SYSTEM – REMOVES WASTE FROM THE BODY

• Skin – waste removed through sweat glands

• Lungs – CO2 waste and H20 exhaled

SUMMARY

The reactants for cellular respiration, O2 and glucose, are brought into the body by the _________________ and _________________ systems. The ____________________ transports the reactants to all of the cells of the body, where ATP is made in the ________________ of the cells. Waste products, CO2 and H2O are transported away from cells by the _________________ system. The nitrogen waste and CO2 is filtered and removed from the blood by the _________________ system, which includes the urinary, respiratory, and integumentary systems.