Unit 6 – Lesson #1Unit 6 – Lesson #1What What domesticdomestic policy steps did policy steps did

the leaders of the new the leaders of the new Republic take to make the Republic take to make the

government work?government work?

Paintings of George Washington’s presidential inauguration April 30, 1789 in New York City

A. George Washington – A. George Washington – President #1President #11) Elected in 17891) Elected in 1789

2) 2) InauguratedInaugurated in April in April 1789 in New York City 1789 in New York City

3) The Man for the 3) The Man for the Job?Job?

• Was Was commander-in-commander-in-chief of chief of Continental Army Continental Army during American during American Rev. (1775-1783)Rev. (1775-1783)• President of President of Constitutional Constitutional Convention (1787-Convention (1787-1788)1788)

I do solemnly swearThat I will faithfully executeThe Office Of President of

the United States, And will, to the best of my

ability,Preserve, protect, and

defendThe Constitution of the

United States.

B. G-WashB. G-Wash’’s s PrecedentsPrecedents

1) Established a 1) Established a CabinetCabinet Experts that gave advice and helped Experts that gave advice and helped

their departments enforce the nationtheir departments enforce the nation’’s s lawslaws

2) Supported 2) Supported neutralityneutrality The US should remain independent The US should remain independent

from disputes among other nations.from disputes among other nations.

3) Served only 2 terms as president (8 3) Served only 2 terms as president (8 yrs.)yrs.)

No limit until 22No limit until 22ndnd Amendment (1951) Amendment (1951) FDR was elected 4 times! (1932,FDR was elected 4 times! (1932,’’36,36,’’40,40,’’44)44)

Only 2

terms,

baby!

C. C. DomesticDomestic Policy During Policy During G-Wash G-Wash’’s Presidency - s Presidency - Part 1Part 11) Build a national economy ($$$)1) Build a national economy ($$$)

A. Hamilton – Secretary of TreasuryA. Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury

What nation wanted (Effect)

Federal govt pays off debts of states from the

American Revolution

How to get it (Cause)

1.Whiskey Tax2.Protective tariff

3.Set up a national bank

D. GWD. GW’’s s DomesticDomestic Policy - Policy - Part 2Part 2

1.1. Supporters of Supporters of Financial Plan (Yes!)Financial Plan (Yes!)

A. Hamilton, J. AdamsA. Hamilton, J. Adams Supporters were Supporters were

northern businessmen northern businessmen and merchantsand merchants

Thought a strong bank Thought a strong bank led by the federal govled by the federal gov’’t t was necessary for the was necessary for the USUS

Called their supporters Called their supporters ““FederalistsFederalists””

2. Opponents of 2. Opponents of Financial Plan (No!)Financial Plan (No!)

T. Jefferson, James T. Jefferson, James MadisonMadison

Feared the plan would Feared the plan would only help wealthy citizensonly help wealthy citizens

Feared the plan would Feared the plan would hurt southern and hurt southern and western farmers and western farmers and tradesmentradesmen

Feared the federal govFeared the federal gov’’t t would become too would become too powerfulpowerful

Called their supporters Called their supporters ““Democratic-RepublicansDemocratic-Republicans””

E. GWE. GW’’s s DomesticDomestic Policy – Policy – Part 3Part 3

1)1) Congress taxed whiskey (liquor) to raise Congress taxed whiskey (liquor) to raise moneymoney

2)2) It upset wheat farmers who made It upset wheat farmers who made whiskeywhiskey

3)3) Farmers in PA rebelled like in Farmers in PA rebelled like in ShaysShays’’ RebellionRebellion

4)4) Washington sent federal troops to end itWashington sent federal troops to end it This showed that the Executive This showed that the Executive could could

enforce the lawenforce the law

Lesson! 5) The Whiskey Rebellion showed that the federal government worked while following the law of the Constitution.

F. Lesson #1 Check Point – F. Lesson #1 Check Point – write whole Q & Awrite whole Q & A

1. Which of the following 1. Which of the following precedentsprecedents did President Washington set at did President Washington set at the beginning of his first term?the beginning of his first term?

A A He decided to move the nationHe decided to move the nation’’s capital to Washington, D.C.s capital to Washington, D.C.B B He established the Supreme Court.He established the Supreme Court.C C He named well-known, talented leaders to head government He named well-known, talented leaders to head government

departments.departments.D D He asked the government to repay federal and state debts.He asked the government to repay federal and state debts.

2. Which statement BEST describes a major result of the 2. Which statement BEST describes a major result of the Whiskey Whiskey RebellionRebellion??

A A  The new government halted the production of whiskey.The new government halted the production of whiskey.B B  People realized that the new government would execute violent People realized that the new government would execute violent

protesters.protesters.C C  The new government proved too weak to respond in times of crisis.The new government proved too weak to respond in times of crisis.D D  People realized that the new government would not tolerate violent People realized that the new government would not tolerate violent

protests.protests.

Lesson #2 – What is the origin of US political parties?

JEFFERSON

HAMILTON

A. A. Political PartyPolitical Party OriginsOrigins1.1. Why? – American citizens disagreed Why? – American citizens disagreed

about how the new country should about how the new country should be runbe run

2.2. How? – How? – Political partiesPolitical parties are formed are formed when -when -

a.a. Constituents have similar beliefsConstituents have similar beliefs

b.b. Constituents want to make sure Constituents want to make sure the govthe gov’’t works according to those t works according to those beliefsbeliefs

3.3. Who? – Constituents will support Who? – Constituents will support candidates for a position in the candidates for a position in the government if they feel that government if they feel that candidate shares their beliefscandidate shares their beliefs

B. How did the first 2 parties B. How did the first 2 parties develop? develop?

1. In the 17901. In the 1790’’s s T. Jefferson and J. MadisonT. Jefferson and J. Madison disagreed with the disagreed with the way Alexander Hamilton was running the nationway Alexander Hamilton was running the nation’’s economy.s economy.

3. 3. Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton formed a party called the formed a party called the ““Federalists.Federalists.””

2. T. Jeff. and J. Mad. formed a party called the 2. T. Jeff. and J. Mad. formed a party called the ““Democratic-Republicans.Democratic-Republicans.””

4. 1796 was the first election contested between political 4. 1796 was the first election contested between political parties - parties - John Adams (F)John Adams (F) vs. vs. Thomas Jefferson (DR)Thomas Jefferson (DR)

Who Won Who Won more states?more states?

Where was Where was JA popular?JA popular?

Where was Where was TJ popular?TJ popular?

5. John Adams (F)5. John Adams (F) won won and became the 2and became the 2ndnd president.president.

Lesson #2 Check Point – write Lesson #2 Check Point – write whole Q & Awhole Q & A3. What did many people fear would happen if political parties 3. What did many people fear would happen if political parties

formed in the United States?formed in the United States?

A A  G. Washington would have too much control over the nationG. Washington would have too much control over the nation

B B  Political divisions would threaten national unity.Political divisions would threaten national unity.

C C  Party leaders would abolish statesParty leaders would abolish states’’ rights. rights.

D D  Factions would seek to reunite the nation with Britain.Factions would seek to reunite the nation with Britain.

4. How did parties disagree about the issue of gov4. How did parties disagree about the issue of gov’’t power?t power?

A The Fs wanted to make sure the state govts were strongA The Fs wanted to make sure the state govts were strong

B The D-Rs believed that both the state govts and the national govt B The D-Rs believed that both the state govts and the national govt should be strongshould be strong

C The Fs believed that both the state and national governments C The Fs believed that both the state and national governments should be weak.should be weak.

D The D-Rs wanted to make sure that the national government did D The D-Rs wanted to make sure that the national government did not have too much powernot have too much power

Unit 6 Lesson #3 – What Unit 6 Lesson #3 – What foreignforeign policy steps did the policy steps did the leaders of the new Republic leaders of the new Republic

take to protect take to protect national national securitysecurity??

Lesson#3 - Predict

Write three complete sentences (captions) describing what you see in the pictures.

1.

2.

3.

A. Creating A. Creating Foreign Foreign PolicyPolicy Part 1 Part 11) In 1789, a revolution broke out in 1) In 1789, a revolution broke out in FranceFrance

Citizens wanted to overthrow an unfair kingCitizens wanted to overthrow an unfair king

2) Two Different American political ideas 2) Two Different American political ideas about the about the French Revolution:French Revolution:

Dem.-Reps.Dem.-Reps. = American constitutional = American constitutional principles were spreading and popular (They principles were spreading and popular (They supported it!)supported it!)

T. Jefferson really supported the Fr. Rev.!T. Jefferson really supported the Fr. Rev.! FederalistsFederalists = Violence was evidence of the = Violence was evidence of the

dangers of dangers of ““mob rulemob rule”” (They rejected it as chaos!) (They rejected it as chaos!)

3) In 1793, French rebels asked for help as 3) In 1793, French rebels asked for help as they entered a war with England they entered a war with England (Britain)(Britain)

A. What were the two

partisan points of view in America

regarding the French

Revolution? The two partisan points of view

were… felt…, and… felt…

B. Creating B. Creating Foreign Foreign PolicyPolicy Part 2 Part 21) In response, GW announced the 1) In response, GW announced the

Neutrality ProclamationNeutrality Proclamation in 1793 in 1793. . America would not take sides America would not take sides

during a war between Britain and during a war between Britain and France. France. (Film)(Film)

2) Washington’s Farewell Address 1796 (and Advice)

• Domestic – avoid political parties

• They disrupt political unity

• Foreign – avoid military alliances with other countries

• Foreign trade is important

Farewell, USA!

What was George

Washington’s advice to

Americans when he left

office? B. What

precedent(s) had he set that supported this point of view?

Farewell, USA!

C. The Effect of G-WashC. The Effect of G-Wash’’s s AdviceAdvice1) It set American 1) It set American foreignforeign policy on an policy on an

independent course away from independent course away from European conflictEuropean conflict

GW’s Advice

(Cause)Avoid foreign military

alliances with Europeannations

US Foreign Policy

(Effect)US stayed away from European issues and

focused on the western hemisphere for next 150 years

C. What was the effect of George Washington’s

foreign policy on future presidents?

The effect of George Washington’s foreign policy on future presidents was…

D. Lesson #3 Check Point – write D. Lesson #3 Check Point – write whole Q & Awhole Q & A

5. All of the following were reasons America wanted to 5. All of the following were reasons America wanted to support the support the French RevolutionFrench Revolution EXCEPT – EXCEPT –

AA Citizens were rising up against a corrupt kingCitizens were rising up against a corrupt kingBB France had given the United States support against the BritishFrance had given the United States support against the BritishCC The revolutionThe revolution’’s leaders turned increasingly violents leaders turned increasingly violentDD France was the United States’ first allyFrance was the United States’ first ally

6. Which statement BEST expresses President Washington6. Which statement BEST expresses President Washington’’s s beliefs about beliefs about foreign policyforeign policy??

A A  The United States should use force when aiding allies in The United States should use force when aiding allies in international disputes.international disputes.

B B  The United States should support permanent alliances with The United States should support permanent alliances with other nations.other nations.

C C  The United States should take a more active role in The United States should take a more active role in international affairs.international affairs.

D D  The United States should remain independent from disputes The United States should remain independent from disputes between other nations.between other nations.

E. Crisis with France E. Crisis with France in 1796!in 1796!

CauseCause EffectEffect

1. France did not like 1. France did not like US foreign policy US foreign policy towards Britain and towards Britain and believed the two believed the two were military allieswere military allies

2. France began to 2. France began to capture American capture American merchant ships and merchant ships and arrested the sailorsarrested the sailors

3. France demanded 3. France demanded bribes to avoid war bribes to avoid war with America.with America.

4. 4. AdamsAdams refused, but refused, but

strengthened US strengthened US military, military,

just in case of just in case of warwar

5. The 5. The ““bribebribe”” became became a political scandal a political scandal called the called the XYZ Affair.XYZ Affair.

6. Many Federalists 6. Many Federalists disagreed with disagreed with AdamsAdams, which split , which split the Federalist partythe Federalist party’’s s supporterssupporters

E. Why did the Federalist Party split up, thus

making John Adams the only Federalist president?

The Federalist Party split up because…

F. F. AdamsAdams and States and States’’ RightsRightsCauseCause EffectEffect

1. Citizens who 1. Citizens who supported France supported France began to speak out began to speak out against against President President Adams & the Adams & the FederalistsFederalists

2. 1798 – Congress 2. 1798 – Congress passed the passed the Alien and Alien and Sedition ActsSedition Acts, , making it illegal to making it illegal to protest the govprotest the gov’’t.t.

3. 3. T. JeffT. Jeff and the and the Dem-RepublicansDem-Republicans claimed this violated claimed this violated people’speople’s basic rights basic rights

4. 4. T. Jeff.T. Jeff. worked worked againstagainst AdamsAdams and and asked the states to asked the states to nullifynullify the federal law. the federal law.

5. States passed the 5. States passed the VA and KY VA and KY Resolutions, Resolutions, eliminating the Alien eliminating the Alien and and SeditionSedition Acts. Acts.

6. 6. AdamsAdams became very became very unpopular & unpopular & T. Jeff.T. Jeff. defeated him in the defeated him in the 18001800

presidential electionpresidential election

F. Summarize Adams’ reasoning for and

Jefferson’s criticism of the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Adams’ reasoning for the A&S Acts was…, while

Jefferson’s criticism of the A&S Acts was…

G. Lesson #3 Check Point – write G. Lesson #3 Check Point – write whole Q & Awhole Q & A7. Which of the following resulted from the disagreement 7. Which of the following resulted from the disagreement

between President Adams and Hamilton about whether the between President Adams and Hamilton about whether the United States should go to war with France?United States should go to war with France?

AA The Republican Party spiltThe Republican Party spilt

BB The Federalist Party splitThe Federalist Party split

CC The Republican Party stopped supporting FranceThe Republican Party stopped supporting France

DD The Federalist Party began supporting FranceThe Federalist Party began supporting France

8. The 8. The Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts raised all of the following raised all of the following issues issues EXCEPTEXCEPT??

A federalismA federalism

B statesB states’’ rights rights

C right to a jury trialC right to a jury trial

D individual rightsD individual rights

What lessons can be What lessons can be learned from the second learned from the second

presidency?presidency?John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

Lesson Lesson #4 – How #4 – How

did did JeffersonJefferson’’

s and s and Madison’Madison’

s s presidencpresidencies affect ies affect the new the new

Republic?Republic?

A. T-Jeff: A New Domestic A. T-Jeff: A New Domestic PolicyPolicy

1) SIZE OF GOVTa) TJ aimed to

reduce the power of the federal govt

b) TJ asked Congress to reduce the size of army and navy

The gov’t that

governs best

governs least!

2) ECONOMIC POLICY

a) TJ favored a laissez faire approach to the economy -

b) means “let alone,” with few gov’t rules and regulations

c) TJ hoped this would open economic competition to many citizens and improve economy

A. How did A. How did Jefferson’s Jefferson’s

domesticdomestic policy policy differ from differ from

Adams’?Adams’?Jefferson’s policy was…, while Adams’ policy was…

B. T-Jeff: A New Foreign B. T-Jeff: A New Foreign PolicyPolicy1. Louisiana

Purchasea) Bought

from France in 1803

b) US gained control of New Orleans

c) Doubled the size of the U.S.

B. Shade the area on the B. Shade the area on the map which shows the map which shows the

territory acquired in the territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase.Louisiana Purchase.

C. T-Jeff: A New Foreign C. T-Jeff: A New Foreign Policy Part 2Policy Part 22. Embargo Act

a)Banned all foreign trade!b)A failed policy because it hurt

the US more than France or Britain

3. Nonintercourse Acta)The US could trade with all

countries EXCEPT France & Britain

b)France and Great Britain were violating American neutrality by seizing American ships

Thou shall not trade with anyone!

C. Use the chart to explain the C. Use the chart to explain the effect of the Embargo Act on effect of the Embargo Act on

the US economy.the US economy.The effect of the Embargo Act on the US economy was…

D. Lesson #4 – Check D. Lesson #4 – Check Point #1 Point #1 9. Which of these statements does NOT reflect Jefferson’s beliefs

about government?

a. The federal budget should be reduced.b. The United States Army and Navy are too large.c. The federal government should play a major role in people’s lives.d. There are too many government employees.10. Which of these statements about the LA Purchase is correct?

a. The LA Purchase removed Spain as a rival in North America.b. The LA Purchase gave France a large piece of territory in North America.c. LA Purchase roughly doubled the territory of the USd. The LA Purchase gave the US control over the entire continent

The War of 1812Why did the British Empire Why did the British Empire ““strike backstrike back”” at the United at the United

States?States?

E. Causes of conflict E. Causes of conflict between the US and between the US and

BritainBritain1) Britain tried to prevent the US from trading with Britain’s enemies and the US wanted to be able to trade with any nation.

2) England impressed (kidnapped) US sailors to work on British ships.

Ex: British Ship Leopard attacked the American ship Chesapeake

3) Americans felt that the British were encouraging Native American tribes to attack white settlers on the western frontier.

E. Why did E. Why did Britain and the Britain and the US go to war in US go to war in

1812?1812?Britain and the US

went to war in 1812 because…

F. 5 Major Events of the F. 5 Major Events of the War of 1812War of 1812

1. 1813 – England blockaded America’s Atlantic coast

2. 1813 – US navy won important victories in and around the Great Lakes

3. 1814 – The British burned the 1st White House, and many other key buildings in Washington, DC4. 1814 – F.S. Key wrote the poem “Star Spangled Banner” as he witnessed the British bomb Ft. McHenry

5. 1815 – Battle of New Orleans is fought after the Treaty of Ghent is signed; Gen. Andrew Jackson leads US Army to defeat of British forces; war ends

F. How did the F. How did the War of 1812 War of 1812

affect the career affect the career of Andrew of Andrew Jackson?Jackson?The War

of 1812 affected

the career of Andrew Jackson because

…

G. 4 Effects of the War of 1812G. 4 Effects of the War of 1812 There was no clear winner – neither side

gained any land, new territory, or power1. Foreign Affairs – American proved that it

could defend itself from attack by a European power

2. Economics – Since it was not able to trade with England, the US had to make its own goods, so this helped the domestic economy, after a brief depression at the start of the war

3. In the west – When the British left, the Native Americans were unable to prevent white settlers moving onto their lands

4. Patriotism – defeating Britain again got many Americans feeling good about their country

G. How did the G. How did the outcome of the outcome of the

War of 1812 War of 1812 affect westward affect westward settlement and settlement and

Native Native Americans?Americans?The outcome of the War

of 1812 affected westward settlement by…, and it affected

Native Americans by…

H. Lesson #4 – Check H. Lesson #4 – Check Point #2 Point #2

11. How did Britain & France violate the neutrality of US ships?

a. Britain and France forced the US to trade their ships for supplies.b. British and French navies seized American ships.c. Britain and France refused to trade with American ships.d. British and French navies destroyed American ships.

12. How did the disruption in Atlantic shipping prior to and during the War of 1812 significantly affect the U.S. economy?

A. Imports of raw materials increased in the Northeast. B. Americans emigrated to Europe to find manufacturing jobs. C. Cotton sales from southern states to Europe increased. D. American industries expanded to provide replacements for foreign

goods.

Lesson #5 – What was the Lesson #5 – What was the ““Era of Era of Good Feelings” and how did Good Feelings” and how did Jackson’s presidency expand Jackson’s presidency expand

suffrage?suffrage?

James Monroe, 1817-1825

Andrew Jackson, 1829-

1837

A. President #5 - James A. President #5 - James MonroeMonroe

A newspaper reporter summarized A newspaper reporter summarized the time of patriotic excitement the time of patriotic excitement among many US citizens after the among many US citizens after the War of 1812 as the War of 1812 as the ““Era of Good Era of Good FeelingsFeelings.. ””

1) J. Monroe was the third consecutive Dem-Rep elected, and in 1820, no one ran against him.2) Without the Federalist Party, there was little political conflict in the U.S.3) US business was

booming after the War of 1812 because of the development of industry in New England.

WHY?

A. What made A. What made Monroe’s Monroe’s

presidency an presidency an “Era of Good “Era of Good Feelings?”Feelings?”

…made Monroe’s presidency and Era of

Good Feelings.

B. The Monroe B. The Monroe DoctrineDoctrine

1) would not allow further European colonization in the Western Hemisphere

2) demanded that the European powers not establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere

3) declared that the United States would remain neutral in European wars

• US Foreign Policy in US Foreign Policy in 1823 …1823 …

4) It shaped US Foreign Policy for

next 100 years!

B. Summarize B. Summarize the main points the main points of the Monroe of the Monroe

Doctrine.Doctrine.The Monroe

Doctrine’s main points are…

C. “Jacksonian” DemocracyC. “Jacksonian” Democracy1. 1828: Jackson wins election over John Quincy

Adams

2. He ran a campaign focused on support of the “common man.”

3. Jackson and his victory were viewed by his supporters as a victory for the common people and a sign of a new, more democratic era.

4. In the 1820s and the 1830s, the government made legal changes to give suffrage to more citizens.

5. In the new western states, any white man over 21 could vote. In the East, by the 1830s, most states no longer required voters to own land.

C. How did C. How did suffrage expand suffrage expand during the 1820s during the 1820s

and 1830s?and 1830s?Suffrage expanded during the 1820s

and 1830s because…

D. Lesson #5 – Check D. Lesson #5 – Check Point #1 Point #1

13. What was the impact of the Monroe Doctrine (1823)

a. It helped Europe rebuild after a major warb. It protected the independences of new nations in Latin Americac. It halted the fighting in the War of 1812d. It led to friendly relation with European powers

14. Which of the following qualities earned Andrew Jackson wide-spread support among voters?

a. He was known as a compromiser.b. He favored internal improvements such as roads and canals.c. He was even-tempered.d. He was a champion of the common people.