Unit 6 Unit 6 NomenclatureNomenclature

Unit 6 Unit 6 NomenclatureNomenclature

Chapters 8.3 & 9.2Chapters 8.3 & 9.2Test: Friday December 5, 2008Test: Friday December 5, 2008

Nomenclature• Naming system for chemical formulas• Names are specific to different groups of

compounds (ex: ionic compounds are named differently from covalent compounds)

• Makes communication more efficient (ex: it is much each to read 10,000 as “ten thousand” than “one zero zero zero zero”)

Let’s look at some household items that have chemical names…

Common Chemical Names

Sodium chloride (NaCl)is table salt used in food

Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is saltpeter used in fertilizer, gunpowder, and food preservatives

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is lye used in soaps and drain cleaner

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is baking soda used in food, cleaning products, and antacids

Common Chemical Names

Potassium bromide (KBr) is used to prevent epilepsy (seizures) in dogs

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is laughing gas used as an anesthetic and to boost auto engine power

Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is epsom salt used medically as a soak for aches & pains

Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is vinegar used in food and photography development

Common Chemical Names

Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an ingredient in toothpaste used for cavity prevention

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is found in rocks (limestone and marble), shells, chalk; primary cause of hard water

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used as a bleaching agent, emetic (induces vomiting), and an antiseptic (clean cuts and scrapes)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one the components of our gastric (stomach) juices

Groups We Will Name:Binary SaltsTernary SaltsSalts with Multiple Oxidation NumbersBinary AcidsTernary AcidsHydratesCovalent Molecules

Binary Salts• Contains 2 elements: metal &

nonmetal• Naming:

– Name the metal– Drop the end of nonmetal and add “ide”

• Example: MgCl2 = magnesium chloride

Binary Salts Practice• Name:

– NaCl– CaF2

– K2O

• Write formulas:– Lithium nitride– Aluminum iodide

Ternary Salts• Contains 3 elements: metals and

polyatomic ions• Naming:

– Name the metal– Name the polyatomic ion

• Example: Na2SO4 = sodium sulfate

Ternary Salts Practice• Name:

– K3PO3

– CaCO3

– Al(NO3)3

• Write Formulas:– Barium hydroxide– Cesium chromate

Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers

• Includes binary and ternary salts• Naming:

– Name the metal– Put the roman numeral giving the oxidation # of the

metal in parentheses– Name the nonmetal, changing the ending to “ide” or

name the polyatomic ion

• Example:– FeCl2 = Iron (II) chloride– FeCl3 = Iron (III) chloride

Salts with Multiple Oxidation Numbers Practice

• Name:– Cu(NO2)2

– PbSO4

• Write Formulas:– Cobalt (III) hydroxide– Nickel (II) iodide– Chromium (II) phosphate

Binary Acids• Contains 2 elements: H & a

nonmetal• Naming:

– Begin with prefix “hydro”– Drop nonmetal ending and add “ic”– Add the word acid

• Example: HCl = hydrochloric acid

Binary Acids Practice• Name:

– HF

– H2S

• Write formulas:– Hydroiodic acid– Hydrobromic acid

Ternary Acids• Contains 3 elements: H & a polyatomic

ion• Naming:

– Look at the polyatomic ions name• If the name ends in “ate”, change to “ic”• If the name ends in “ite”, change to “ous”

– Add the word acid

• Example: H2CO3 carbonic acid

Ternary Acids Practice• Name:

– H2SO4

– HNO2

– HClO3

• Write Formulas:– Phosphorous acid– Oxalic acid– Nitrous acid

Covalent Molecules

• Contains 2 nonmetals• Naming:

– Name the 1st element with prefix to indicate the # of atoms (only if more than one, never start with mono)

– Name the 2nd element• use prefix to indicate the number of atoms present• Drop the ending of the elements name and use “ide” ending

• Example: CO2 = carbon dioxide

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mono-

di- tri- tetra- penta-

hexa- hepta-

octa- non- deca-

Covalent Molecules Practice• Name:

– N2O5

– N2O– CS2

– SF6

• Write Formula:– Carbon monoxide– Dinitrogen trioxide– Oxygen dicloride