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Unit 7: Renaissance and Reformation. 1350-1600. What is the Renaissance? When and where does it happen?. Begins in Florence, Italy in the mid-1300s Rebirth in thinking (politically, socially, economically, and culturally)Influenced by Greek and Roman writings - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit 7: Renaissance and Reformation1350-1600
What is the Renaissance?When and where does it happen?
• Begins in Florence, Italy in the mid-1300s
• Rebirth in thinking (politically, socially, economically, and culturally)Influenced by Greek and Roman writings
• Old thinking centered on religion; centers on human experience and achievements-humanism
Causes
1.Trade/Crusades2.Plague and wars made people question church and religion3.Most citizens were wealthy and well educated4. Ruins in Rome reminded people of once great civilizations
Most historians mark the Renaissance as the beginning of the modern era
What changed during the Renaissance?• Use the handout to help answer this question.
• Value and enjoy worldly activities-education, art, curiosity, luxuries
• Individualism• Valued talents and take pride in abilities- ‘Universal Man’• Focused on the Greek and Roman writings- sought guidelines
for living• Changes in art- focus on natural world, humans, perspective• Questioning power of the church/state-Rise of Secularism
Renaissance Thought
Renaissance Thought
People should lead meaningful
lives
Life is to be enjoyed
Celebrate Human
achievementsIndividualism
Support the arts
Leonardo da Vinci• Artist, Architect,
Painter, Sculptor, Scientist.• Painted the Mona
Lisa, The Last Supper, Proportions of Man,
Michelangelo• Painter, ceiling of the
Sistine Chapel• Sculptor, David and
Pieta• Also designed the dome
of St. Peter’s Basilica
Sistine Chapel
Machiavelli• Wrote The Prince,
about what it takes to make it politics • Examined how
imperfect humans are• Founder of modern
political science
Raphael• Studied Michelangelo
and da Vinci• Painter-mostly
religious scenes and portraits• The School of Athens
is his most famous work
Renaissance Spreads• Causes• 1. Trade• 2. Rulers supported arts/universities• 3.Johannes Gutenberg- Printing Press(1450) Used his printing
press to print copies of the Bible. • Printing press helped spread new humanists ideas and
knowledge to a larger audience.!
People of the Northern Renaissance
Desiderius Erasmus• Asked for the Bible to be
translated for all to read• Criticized church’s lack of
spirituality , too many ceremonies
• Best work, The Praise of Folly
• Satirical view of the Church and their practices(fasting, pilgrimages, interpretation of scripture)
Thomas More• Condemned the
government as corrupt• Wrote Utopia, which
described an ideal society• Executed for not
recognizing King of England as head of Church
William Shakespeare• Greatest playwright • Hamlet, Macbeth,
Julius Caesar, Romeo and Juliet, etc.
The Reformation• Use Chapter 15,
section 3 to complete both sides of the worksheet and complete the pyramid on a separate sheet.
• Due Wednesday
Left Side-Causes, events leading to
Luther’s ExcommunicationRight Side- Events
between Excommunication and New Church
Luther Excommunicated
Lutheran ChurchEstablished
Reformation: Movement for religious reform
• Questioned power of the Church• Salvation only possible through the Roman Catholic Church
• Church too interested in money • Sold Indulgences- Release from all or parts of punishment of sin
• Popes were political leaders and not spiritual, moral leaders • Some were even criminal
• Pope moves to Avignon, France• Multiple Popes
• Begins in Germany(not unified)• Era is marked with mass violence against the new “protesters”
Martin Luther• To rebuild St. Peter’s, the
Pope sold indulgences • Martin Luther, a monk,
dislikes this and posted 95 Theses on a church door(1517)• Ideas form the basis of
Lutheranism (Protestantism)• Uses printing press to
spread ideas
Luther Preached
• Salvation through God’s forgiveness requires strong inner faith, not works or deeds• People must repent themselves, have a personal
relationship with God• Teachings based on the Bible; church traditions are
false (Bible only has two sacraments- Baptism and Holy Communion)• All people in faith are equal, do not need a priest to
interpret the Bible for them(bible is the true authority of Christianity, not the church or the pope)
Luther on Trial• Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther, declared a heretic (1520)
• Holy Roman Emperor Charles V put Luther on trial to retract his comments, but he wouldn’t
• Edict of Worms: Declared Luther an outlaw within the Empire and no one should give him foods or shelter , or print his works
Luther in Hiding and Beyond• Luther hid in a castle and
translated the Bible in to German
• Established new Lutheran Church
• Spreads throughout Germany• Peace of Augsburg- each
prince can choose state’s own religion
• Luther’s break with the church sets off a time bomb of new sects or Christian groups
Reformation Review Questions• Who was the most
important person in the Reformation?• What event begins the
Reformation?• What was one of the
causes of the Reformation? • How do Protestant
beliefs differ from Catholic?
The Reformation in England:King Henry VIII
• 1491-1547• One of the most well
known Kings in European history
(wives, violence, fat)• Hopes to reconquer
land for England(France)• King Henry was married
to Catherine of Aragon• Spain/England
Henry VIII• King Henry was married to
Catherine of Aragon and they had a daughter, Mary
• Henry wanted a divorce to get a son and to marry Anne Boleyn
• Henry argued their marriage was against the Church because Catherine was his brother’s widow
• Pope Clement VII said no
Henry VIII• Henry fought for 5 years for divorce, lost• So instead, he started a new church, Church of England
(Anglican Church-protestant/catholic)• King(himself) was head of the church, not the pope• Catherine was imprisoned in a castle(dies mysteriously) and
Henry married Anne (and had one daughter)• Led to war with Catholic Spain
Wife #2: Anne BoleynMother to ElizabethExecuted-Beheaded Wife #3:Jane Seymour
Mother to King Edward VIDied in child birth
Wife #4: Anne of ClevesDivorced
Wife #5: Catherine HowardExecuted-Beheaded
Wife #6: Katherine ParrSurvived
Edward VI• Son of King Henry VIII
and son of Jane Seymour• King at age 9, so
other really ruled and they strengthened Protestantism• At 16, he fell ill and
named his cousin as his successor
Queen Mary Tudor• Daughter of Henry VIII
and Catherine of Aragon• Married Philip II of
Spain to restore Catholicism (and get a Catholic heir)• Killed Protestants-
“Bloody Mary”• Died after 5 years as
Queen
Queen Elizabeth• Daughter of King Henry
VIII and Anne Boleyn• Took over when Mary
died• Restored Protestantism
but supported religious toleration• Spanish Armada, led by
her brother-in-law Philip II, attacked England and lost
Calvinism• John Calvin • Predestination• Strict Religious rules• Theocracy
• Fatalism, Determinism, and Free Will Reading
The Catholic Counter-Reformation-Council of Trent• Catholic Church held a meeting to finalize their response to
the reformation• 1. Church’s interpretation of Bible is final• 2. Need faith and good works for salvation• 3. Bible and Church traditions are equally powerful forces in
guiding one’s life• 4. Indulgences are valid expressions of one’s faith
Results of The Reformation• 150 years of religious
wars• Many different
churches• Increased power of
national government(kings-queens)• Decreased power of
Pope