Unit 7: World ConflictThe Great War – World War I

03/02/2020 Do Now

• What do you know about the “War to End All Wars”

• Group Alphabet Brainburner

• Groups of 2 – 3 (you pick or I pick)

• Create an alphabetic list of words associated with WWI

• The group with the most correct words (grade level words) will receive a small prize

• You will have 6 minutes

Essential Question and Objective

• How does economic and military competition lead to war?

• By the end of today’s lesson, I should be able to

• list and describe the 5 causes of WWI

Activity #1 Mapping Activity

• Mapping Activity - European Alliances in 1914

• Label the map to show the main alliances in 1914

• Include a map key

• Mrs. Motsinger has the hard copies

• You will have 10 minutes … USE YOUR TIME WISELY

Activity #2 – Our Notes on the Causes & Alliances

• Names for the War you need to know

• The Great War

• The War to End All Wars

• World War I (WWI/WW1)

• The First World War

• 1st man-made catastrophe of the 20th century

• 17 million people killed

• Deadliest war of its time

• What lead to World War 1?

• M –

• A –

• N –

• I –

• A –

• Now let’s watch a quick video on the causes from KidsConnect“How did World War 1 Start?” https://youtu.be/4dIA2pZ9d6I

Choosing Sides• Central Powers (also known as Axis

Powers or Triple Alliance)• Germany• Austria-Hungary• Ottoman Empire• Italy - but...left in 1915• Bulgaria

• Allied Forces (also known as Triple Entente, later Entente)

• Great Britain (and its entire empire)

• France • Russia - but...out in 1917 (more to

come)• Italy - but...not until 1915 • Belgium • Serbia • Montenegro • Portugal • Japan (wait…huh?)• China • Greece • US - but...not until 1917

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Activity #3

• Small Group - Causes of War Poster Assignment

• You will get into 5 groups

• Each group will receive a cause of war

• Create a poster regarding your cause to include

• Who

• What

• Why

• Where

• You will have 20 minutes to read your background information and create your poster

Activity #4

• Start WWI WebQuest• You will have 10 minutes to work on it in class today• Mrs. Motsinger has the hardcopies (sorry, no digital form)• Due 03/06/2020• https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G5KYFFqtRDwzwuK_BJXl

gJZSH9plkH_o/view?usp=sharing

03/02/2020 Exit TicketComplete the Google Quiz to see how well you learned about the causes of war and alliances

03/03/2020 Do Now

• Vocabulary Opener

• use the graphic organizer to illustrate and use the WWI vocabulary world in a grade level sentence

• Examples

• Good – “As nationalism developed, the patriotic motives of country A outweighed the cries against going to war

• Not good – “Mrs. Motsinger wants me to use nationalism in a sentence.”

• You will have 10 minutes to complete

Essential Question and Objective

• How does economic and military competition lead to war?

• By the end of today’s lesson, I should be able to

• describe the factors contributing to the war's stalemate

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

Activity #1 – Our Notes on The Battlefield• Do you remember the sides?

• “The Final Act” https://youtu.be/WukYrrTH3ms• If you can, try to watch all 4 parts

• Four Main Fronts

• Eastern

• Bordered Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary

• Too large for trench warfare

• Russians never broke through the German lines

• Western

• Bordered France, Belgium and Germany

• Schlieffen Plan →Germany wanted to quickly conquer France before Russia could join the war

• Germans were stopped before they could take Paris

• Trench warfare began – turned the war into a stalemate

• Some of the longest and deadliest WWI battles

• Italian

• Remember, Italy was once in the alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary

• BUT...once swayed by the possibility of more land (still angry by the snub from the Congress of Vienna), Italy joined the Allied forces in 1915

• The Italian Front is between the Italian and Austrian borders• Southern – Ottoman Empire

• At sea – powerful German U-boats

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Major Battles and Events

• Western Front

• Initial Events

• Aug 3, 1914 – Germans cross into Belgium (Schlieffen Plan)

• Major Battles

• Sept 1914 – 1st Battle of Marne

• Oct - Nov 1914 – 1st Battle of Ypres

• Dec 1916 - Verdun

• Jul – Nov 1916 – Battle of Somme

• Jul – Nov 1917 – Passchendaele

• Nov 1917 – Cambrai

• Jul 1918 – 2nd Battle of Marne

• Eastern Front

• Initial Events

• Aug 17, 1914 - Russia invaded East Prussia…didn’t work out so well!

Activity #2

• Virtual Field Trip

• Google Arts and Culture 360 Tour of the Trenches https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/IQLS5svcf515Iw

• You will have 10 minutes

Activity #3

• Independently or with a peer partner - Read “Major Battles and Events”

• Highlight or circle any words you may not know as well

• Make your notes in the right column of the reading

• You will have 10 minutes

Activity #4

• WWI Battlefield Secret Surveillance Mission - fact-finding mission for an upcoming battle (includes essential who, what, when, where, how, & why)

• This is a secret mission and you MUST create a disguise for your information

• Read the classified document below for details

• https://drive.google.com/file/d/1A3aycYa8xoK6sTZm45gIa3ePyyuxV4-I/view?usp=sharing

03/04/2020 Do Now

• Around the room, you will find 24 numbered photos

• Form a group of 3

• Identify what technology you THINK is in the picture

• Then put the picture into one of the categories below: Weapons, Medical Advancement, Transportation/ Communication, or Wild Card

• Once you and your group have sorted all of the pictures, you will be given instructions for your next step

03/04/2020 Do Now Follow-up

• Does each picture show you a new weapon, medical technique/device, or invention that would help armies with transportation and communication?

Essential Question and Objective

• How does economic and military competition lead to war?

• By the end of today’s lesson, I should be able to

• explain the reasons for World War I sparking an increase in technology and continued uses today

Activity #1 – Our notes on Battles and Technology

• The 1st modern war

• With new, more destructive weapons and technology, “The Great War” becomes the first truly modern war

• Airplanes

• Submarines

• improved naval ships

• Flamethrowers

• Tanks

• machine guns

• Artillery

• electrified wire

• ...and trenches!

• Let’s watch Mr. Betts parody of Fun’s “We Were Young” as he explains the battlefront https://youtu.be/ir3CeRR1NAY

New Technology and Weapons of WWI

• Trench warfare

• Location of most battles

• Soldiers dug trenches to protect themselves from enemy gunfire and artillery

• Landscape here was very flat – European Plain

• Later became known as “No Man’s Land”

• Pretty much nothing but barbed wire and huge craters

• Trying to cross almost meant certain death

• Remember… on the Western front so it bordered France, Belgium, and Germany

• No protection from the elements (sun, wind, rain, snow, etc)

• Tanks

• Came on the scene in September 1916

• Used by the Allied Powers

• At 1st

• VERY hard to steer

• Unreliable – usually broke down on the battlefield

• Then

• Improved and became a common image in battle

• Helped get the Allied Powers through the German lines

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

New Technology and Weapons of WWI• Airplanes

• Spy planes – collected intelligence about the enemy• Used to drop bombs on cities and troops• Dogfights –machine guns were mounted on the planes & enemy planes

would fight each other in the air• Each sides wanted better planes that could go faster & longer safer

• Zeppelins – also known as blimps

• Machine Guns• Invented by British• Initial ones would shoot 500 bullets per minute (WOW!)• It took 6 men to operate it• VERY effective… I mean it did shoot 500 bullets per minute

• Flamethrowers – to fight against the stalemate of the trenches

• Battleships and German U-Boats• Had long-range guns• Would attack other ships and land targets from safer distances• German U-boats were submarines used to attack with torpedoes

• Would also attack civilian ships• Sinking of the Lusitania in 1915

• A British ship• About 1,200 passengers on board – all died, including 128

Americans• Did not make the US go into the war immediately – took

another 2 yearsThis Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

New Weapons and Technology of WWI

• Gases and other Chemicals

• Also used as psychological warfare as many soldiers worried about gas attacks

• Chlorine Gas

• 1st used by the Germans in 1915

• Effects

• Eyesight – caused blindness

• Lungs – caused suffocation

• Skin – caused rashes and burning

• Nose – caused burning

• Mustard Gas

• Used by both Central Powers and Allied Forces

• Could take up to 12 hours to take effect – death could take up to 5 miserable weeks!

• Deadly but gases were largely ineffective

• Weather conditions, like wind change, could affect the outcome

• Sometimes forces killed their own troops if the wind shifted

• Gas Masks

• Made gas attacks useless

• Also made masks for military dogs and horses

Activity #2

• New Weapons interactive student notebook page

• The Industrial Revolution of the preceding several decades saw huge technological advancements for weapons of warfare

• Directions:

• Cut out this graphic organizer along the dotted lines

• Glue it into your notebook

• On the page under each flap write down any new weapons that were used

• Then, draw a picture of one of them on the flap that you lift up

• You will have 10 minutes to complete

Activity #3 –Journey Through History Escape Room

• Can you survive a German U-boat attack?

• Find out by completing the escape room

• Directions

• Small Groups of 3-4 (you choose quickly/peacefully or I choose randomly)

• You will be given 1 challenge at a time to solve

• If you are stuck after SERIOUSLY trying for 10 minutes, ask me for a clue

• Each team can get up to 4 clues during the game

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Activity #3 – Setting the Scene

• World War 1 began in 1914, but the US did not get involved until 1917

• You, along with hundreds of fellow soldiers, have been ordered to report to France for duty

• However, you know the journey across the Atlantic Ocean will be dangerous

• German U-boats regularly patrol the waters off the coast of Europe, and often there are no signs of an attack until it’s too late

• Suddenly you hear your captain shout, “All hands on deck!!!”

• German U-boats have been spotted!

• You must help your comrades solve the challenges in order to navigate to safer waters and escape the German U-boats.

• Good luck!

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

03/05/2020 Do Now

• World War 1 IQ Test

• WWI marked the first time soldiers were seen as “professionals”

• Take the IQ test given to soldiers during this time to see how you’d make it in the 1917 US Army

Essential Question and Objective

• How does war affect society?

• By the end of today’s lesson, I should be able to

• recreate a letter back home to detail a soldier's experiences on the battlefield after completing a battlefield simulation

Activity #1 Our Notes on the Battlefield and Soldier Experience

• Life on the battlefield extremely tough

• “No man’s land” was the area between the trenches because it was so deadly

• “Going over the top” was a saying of the time that meant charging out of your trench

• Battle of the Somme- July 1, 1916: Britain lost 60,000 troops in a single day; 1.2 Million died in the end

Hazards for the Soldier• Close proximity at all times – especially in the trenches

• Trench Foot – a condition of the foot resembling frostbite, caused by prolonged exposure to cold and dampness and often affecting soldiers in trenches

• Rats – oh, my gosh!

• One soldier described finding a group of dead bodies while on patrol: "I saw some rats running from under the dead men's greatcoats, enormous rats, fat with human flesh. My heart pounded as we edged towards one of the bodies. His helmet had rolled off. The man displayed a grimacing face, stripped of flesh; the skull bare, the eyes devoured and from the yawning mouth leapt a rat.“

• Lice – unsanitary conditions and close to each other

• Stench of dead bodies piling up – many times they had to just shot or stand on top of fallen soldiers

• Full of mud and water

• Shell-shock – PTSD

Activity #2 A Soldier’s Life Simulation

• Now that you know the hazards soldiers faced, let’s step into a WWI soldier’s boots

• Directions

• You will be given simulation pages

• Everyone will start off with 50 points – tally your points as you go

• If you lose all your points, you are out

• Each round will begin with you rolling a die or choosing a card

• Some cards will have letters in the upper right corner –you will have the opportunity to make free choices

• 1st card (yellow) – you will find out your soldier’s information

• Find out your soldier’s information

• This will be your role for the remainder of the simulation

• 2nd – training or travel to your duty station

• 3rd card (blue) – duty card

• And so forth…

• Goal – to finish the simulation with as many points as possible

Activity #3 Letter Back Home

• Letters from the trench

• Based on everything you’ve learned this week, write a letter back home being sure to include what you see, hear, smell, touch/feel, taste, wish for, struggle with, and cannot wait to get back to when you return home.

• Don’t stick your head up from the trench!

• You will have 15 minutes

03/06/2020 Do Now

• What is propaganda?

• Why is it important?

• Read the handout

• Highlight key words and annotate the essential notes

Essential Question and Objective

• How does war affect society?

• By the end of today’s lesson, I should be able to

• interpret war propaganda and explain its effects on increased nationalism

Activity #1 – Our Notes on WWI Homefront

• How is the US going to pay for WWI?

• War bonds

• Victory Gardens - more food grown at homes than bought at stores

• Rationing

• Creation of 3 National Boards:

• The War Industries Board - built new factories and set production goods

• National War Labor Board - can’t have a strike during war

• Committee on Public Information - propaganda

Propaganda

• Based on your reading, why is propaganda important in war?

• Major points of propaganda

• Message—what it’s saying

• Purpose—why the government wants/needs to say this

• Audience—to whom it’s directed

• Methods—how they do it

• The Purpose of Propaganda

• To justify involvement in the war

• To persuade men to enlist, sign up, or support

• To persuade people to spend money on the war effort

• To persuade people to conserve food and resources to help the military

Why was propaganda needed in WWI

• August 1914 – Great Britain declared war with only a small professional army (the BEF)• Desperate to get men to join/fight• Posters stuck up around town – the easiest way for the government to

communicate with people• Became “the weapon on the wall”

• Start of Propaganda Initiatives• All WWI participating nations used propaganda posters• Early American thought

• Either against the war or wanted to stay out of a “European problem”

• US government started a propaganda push to sway public opinion and support

• How was it used?• Some tried to motivate men to join up through fear• Showed the atrocities that the Germans were said to be committing in

France and Belgium• Generated fear – if the Germans would invade Britain and commit

atrocities against their families

Use of Propaganda

• The longer the war – the more governments had to increase their powers in order to obtain the manpower and supplies they needed

• Millions of men were drafted into the military through conscription

Use of Propaganda

• Governments set up planned economies, including

• Economic controls

• Food and material rationing

• Regulated transportation

• Controls on imports and exports

• US Food and Drug Administration Propaganda

• “Wheatless Mondays”

• “Meatless Tuesdays”

• “Porkless Thursdays”

Use of Propagnda

• Changes in the message

• Increased casualties (dead or wounded) – public support for war dropped

• Authoritarian governments used force to keep people working

• Other governments passed new laws to severely restrict dissent (back talk or speaking out) and took increased control of news sources

Activity #2

• Propaganda analysis

• Independent

• Review each of the 2 posters

• Answer the guided reflection questions

• You will have 10 minutes

Activity #3

• After America entered World War I, the government created several agencies to help the war effort

• Directions

• Use your notes, reading, or the internet to take notes about what agency did for the war effort and write this on the notebook pages under each flap

• On top of the paper, draw a propaganda poster that each might use to help its mission

Activity #4

• Propaganda Gallery Walk

• With 1 partner

• There are generally 5 main objectives of wartime propaganda:

• Recruitment of Soldiers

• Financing the War (war bonds/taxes)

• Nationalism

• Conservation of Resources

• Participation in home-front organizations to support the war effort

• Directions:

• For each propaganda poster shown in your packet, choose the most appropriate objective by checking in the boxes to the left

• Then, create an original propaganda poster focusing on one of the reasons we discussed today (graded)

• You must include all the elements

• You will have 25 minutes

03/10/2020 Do Now

• Independently – Review the chart as answer the questions about the impact of World War 1

• You will have 7 minutes

Essential Question and Objective By the end of today’s lesson, you should be

able to

explain how World War I devastated Europe economically and socially

How does war affect society?

Activity #1 –Our Notes on WWI Homefront

• The war changed a great deal back on the homefront

• Women gained new roles during World War I

• Sharp increase in married working women

• Took over jobs previously held only by men, including factory and trucking jobs

• Women enter the military services

• Secretaries, nurses, telephone operators

• More opportunity for civilian work

• 1 million women in industry munitions

• End of the war

• Women still paid less than men

• Wanted employers kept them on when men returned from war –NOPE!

• Before the end of the war, women workers on London buses and trams went on strike

• Demanded the same war bonus men received

• Spread to other British towns – 1st equal pay strike in the UK …and WON by women

• https://youtu.be/j0LbK7_n66M

African Americans• Soldiers

• 260,000 enlisted or drafted

• 50,000 were sent to France

• Most worked in service/menial tasks:

• building roads

• digging trenches

• removing unexploded shells

• clearing disabled equipment/barbed wire

• burying the dead

• Few combat regiments

• Segregated Units to “reduce the risk of an uprising”

• Suffer racial abuse

• Harlem Hellfighters were the most decorated US segregated unit to see combat https://youtu.be/eEuoAl1elLU

• Back home

• Great Migration – large numbers move North

• “Nothing here but money, and it is not hard to get”

• Made their way to major cities like New York/Chicago

• Push: poor conditions, floods, race oppression

• Pull: more economic opportunity, jobs, higher pay

• Migration causes – hostility among other groups- immigrants

British Homefront

• British citizens often lived under, not only fear, but also the constant barrage of air raids

• Many British citizens fled to the underground subway stations for safety

• This photo by artist Walter Bayes gave his rendition of people forced “Underground”

Other Homefront Issues

• Russia

• Remember, the Russians pulled out of the War, just as the Americans were going in?

• Bolsheviks take over Russia end Monarchy and immediately pull out of WWI

• We’ll come back to them on Thursday

• Films, songs, campaigns, etc

• Promoted fear of foreigners- sedition and espionage

• In the US

• Anti-war = Anti-American?

• Violence against anti-war people

• Union (IWW) members arrested beaten

• Vigilantes & Lynching

• Renaming of anything associated with the Central Powers

• German Measles – Liberty measles

• Hamburger – Liberty sandwich

• French Fries – Freedom fries

• No Mozart or German Music

• Literacy test for immigrants

Activity #2

• Silent Gallery Walk

• 8 Primary Sources from WWI

• You will have a SILENT discussion

• Walk around the room

• Read the primary source quotes

• Record your INITIAL reaction on the lined paper by that particular quote

• Include your name, what do you think they are talking about, why do you think they had that point of view, your reaction

• Your comments must be school appropriate

• Sign your name to your response

• When you have added your response to all the sheets, SILENTLY return to your desk and write a summary response for all the quotes:

• Writing prompt – “Of the people directly involved in the war efforts, were more of them FOR or AGAINST the war? Why?”

• Illustrate your response with a picture, word art, political cartoon, etc. that supports your response

• This is a 2-part GRADED assignment

• You will have 30 minutes TOTAL!

03/11/2020 Do Now

• Write-Pair-Share

• What are some other ways to solve a conflict, other than fighting?

• You have 2 minutes to write

• Then – 1 minute each to discuss with 1 partner

• Then – 2 minutes to discuss as a class

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Essential Question and Objective

• How does war affect society?

• By the end of today’s lesson, you should be able to • compare and contrast Wilson's 14 Points to the

Treaty of Versailles

Activity #1 – Our Notes on the End of WWI• November 1917 – Russians pulled out of the war

• 1918 – German troops on the Eastern Front to strengthen Germany’s army –making its way towards Paris…oops!

• June 1, 1918 – American and French troops block German advance at the town of Chateau-Thierry

• October 1918 – Americans launch massive attack in the Battle of Argonne Forest

• Suffered major losses but shattered the German defense!

• The Austria-Hungarian Empire – in chaos

• Ottoman Turks surrender – end of a 1200 year rule

• German emperor stepped down after conspiracy within the Germany Navy AND a revolt in Berlin

• November 11, 1918 (sound like a familiar date) – Germany signed an armistice (cease-fire) ending the war

• War of attrition – the military practice of wearing down the opponent until they are forced to give or die trying

Treaty of Versailles

• January 1919 – peace talks begin at the Versailles Palace outside Paris (remember the gold palace?)

• Created by The Big 4

• US President – Woodrow Wilson

• British Prime Minister –David Lloyd George

• French Premier – Georges Clemenceau

• Italian prime minister-Vittorio Orlando

• What did it do?

• Stripped Germany of armed forces – just a 100,000 man peacekeeping force

• Demilitarize German land near the Rhine River to prevent future aggression toward France

• Eliminate its air force altogether and greatly reduce the size and power of the German Navy

• Force Germany to rebuild the British and French merchant Navy

• Created a League of Nations, so countries could settle differences by reason rather than by war

• Would prove to be worthless as they had no power to enforce the rules

• The U.S. Congress didn’t approve of the League of Nations – although conceived by President Wilson

• New boundaries – both Germany AND Russia lost territory in Southeastern Europe

• Austria-Hungary became a bunch of other smaller nations

• England & France

• more interested in revenge

• Wanted to incorporate a “Mandate System” –eventually gives them control of land in Iraq, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Wilson’s 14 Points – A Plan for Peace

• War ended – the problem keep going

• US President Woodrow Wilson – Ideas!

• Called his ideas his Fourteen Points

• What did it say

• Wilson wanted all lands to be free from fear of other nations

• He wanted an end to the arms race and freedom around the world

• Most important, a League of Nations would be set up so nations of the world could solve their problems by reason rather than by war

• When World War I ended, the problems of keeping peace began

• Issues

• Many of the Allies did not like President Wilson’s ideas

• They wanted Germany to be punished for the war and to pay for war damages

• In spite of what Wilson wanted, the United States refused to join the League of Nations

Activity #2

• Treaty of Versailles skit

• We will need 6 characters:

• President Wilson (US 1)

• US Ambassador (US 2)

• Prime Minister Clemenceau (Fr 1)

• French Ambassador (Fr 2)

• Prime Minister George (GB)

• Premier Orlando (IT)

Activity #3

• End of war – Wilson develops his 14 Points• Brought it to the Paris Peace

Conference• Treaty of Versailles – previously

developed at treaty• Did not meet Wilson’s

needs/expectations• Directions

• Cut along the dotted lines• Place glue only behind the title

so that the 3 parts can be folded up and down

• Underneath each flap: • write characteristics that

apply to only Wilson’s 14 Points or the Treaty of Versailles

• Then write down characteristics that apply to both

Activity #4

• Treaty of Versailles Stations

• Purpose – learn about the end/effects of WWI in a short amount of time

• Each had a photo or political cartoon to accompany the reading

• In groups of 2 – 3

• Stations

• 1 –Armistice –The Great War Ends

• 2 –Paris Peace Conference

• 3 –President Wilson and the 14 Points

• 4 –Terms of the Treaty

• 5 –The League of Nations

• 6 –Consequences of the Treaty