UNIT 8. PREHISTORY: NEOLITHIC AND METAL AGE.

1.  Make a photo dictionary using vocabulary that you do not know of this unit. Each word must include a photo of the word and the Spanish meaning. Don ’ t forget that a dictionary has to follow an alphabetic order. § Maybe you do not know some of these words:

ACTIVITY. PHOTO DICTIONARY

Wheat Hoe Hand mill Sheep Tin Wheel

Rice Sickle Horse Ox Copper Sail

Maize Scythe Goat Dang to manure

Alloy Plough

¡  You can follow a similar template.

ACTIVITY. PHOTO DICTIONARY

ACTIVITY. PHOTO DICTIONARY

Examples:

INTRODUCCTION.

¡  Glaciations ended 10,000 years ago, which permitted the growth of population and cultural evolution.

¡  First revolution took

place in the “Fertile Crescent” (Middle and Near East), from where it expanded towards the Mediterranean Sea.

NEOLITHIC

New techniques: agriculture and

cattle.

¡  Agriculture appeared in several parts of the world 10,000 years ago: §  Some tools were

produced to ease agriculture.

¡  Neolithic man began to raise cattle. §  Animals were important

for food, hides, and dung to manure.

NEOLITHIC.

• Agriculture • Cuttle

What change with these new technics?

• From Nomad in Paleolithic to sedentary society in Neolithic.

What needs a sedentary society?

• Several cities are founded in the “Fertile crescent”

Societies start to develop new

techniques creating textiles and pottery.

NEOLITHIC. WAY OF LIFE

¡  Trade was developed though barter or exchange.

NEOLITHIC. WAY OF LIFE

¡  Neolithic art was much more schematic than Palaeolithic: §  There are scenes of people hunting, farming or feasting... §  It appears in the East of Spain: Valltorta, Cogull...

NEOLITHIC ART.

Cogull Valltorta

¡  M e t a l s w e r e d i s c o v e r e d i n Caucasus area around 4000 BC: § Copper was the first metal to be

used, but it was fragile and cracked easily.

§ Bronze was an alloy produced out of copper and tin that was much more resistant. Weapons are done with bronze instead of stone

§  I ron was d iscovered by the Hittites around 1500 BC and they ke p t t h e s e c r e t d u e to i t s extraordinary qualities compared to bronze.

METAL AGES.

METAL AGES.

Metals were used to produce new tools, arms, jewels, and statues.

METAL AGES.

¡  Jewels

METAL AGES.

Bronze Age jewellery: The Glenisheen gorget.

Lower Saxony, Saxony.

During the Metal Ages new inventions appeared: ¡ Wheel. It was essential to transportation and to potter’s

wheels. ¡  Sail: It eased sailing thanks to wind and promoted commerce. ¡  Plough: Land could be farmed more easily and faster.

METAL AGES. INVENTIONS.

First organised cities appeared during Metal Ages: ¡  They were founded on hills

(defence) or next to water flows.

¡  They grew owing to farming development.

¡  They used to be surrounded with walls.

¡  There were dif ferent buildings according to their functions.

¡  Houses were small, made out of adobe or stone and with thatch roofs.

METAL AGES. CITIES.

During Metal Ages appeared megaliths, monuments built out of giant stones: ¡  Menhirs. Vertical stones with no clear function. ¡  Dolmens. Funerary monuments with a chamber and a corridor. ¡  Alignments. Parallel rows of menhirs. The best one is in Carnac

(France) ¡  Cromlech. Circular al ignment of menhirs. It is typical in England, such

as Stonehenge.

METAL AGES. ART.

¡  Alignment. Carnac (France).

METAL AGES. ART.