Unit 9 Are Dreams as Vital as

Sleep?

Unit ObjectivesUnit Objectives

Be aware of some famous theories of dreams.

Understanding dreams and its movement.

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9

II. ProceduresII. Procedures

i. Reading skills

ii. Fast reading

iii. Text study

iv. Exercise

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

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Reading skills: How to read popular Reading skills: How to read popular magazines and magazine articlesmagazines and magazine articles

Reading popular magazines is a good way to enlarge our vocabulary and learn a little bit about many topics in English. The following is a list of major magazines in Britain and the US.

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9

Magazines in Britain: The Economist Britain Today The Spectator Contemporary Review New Statesman London Magazine New Scientist British Weekly The Listener punch Nature

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

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Magazines in the US. Time US News & World Report Newsweek Reader’s Digest Life Business Weekly Fortune Harper’s People American Review The New Yorker Science

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

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Popular magazine writers use various devices to capture a reader’s attention: clever titles, short paragraphs and compound nouns to economize on words. Articles in magazines often have characteristics similar to those found in news stories or articles found in newspapers. Here are some features of magazine articles:

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9

An introductory paragraph summarizes the main idea;

The details are given in the rest of the article;

The author’s view of the subject is directed to a particular audience but may interest readers in general.

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9Text Study Text Study The organization of the textThe organization of the text

Part I (paras 1-20) The exploration to dreams and its findings: (three

basic physiological criteria for dreaming and pinpointing the centers responsible for the two principal characteristics of dreaming activity)

Part II (paras. 21-26) Cats in a state of hallucination Part III (paras. 27-36) Dreaming can be regulated at will

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

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Main IdeaMain Idea

The article is mainly about the latest breakthrough in the study of dreaming.

Text StudyText Study

Dream History

Dream interpretations dates back to 3000-4000 B.C.

Back in the Greek and Roman era, dream interpreters accompanied military leaders into battle.

Dreams were also seen as prophetic.

Dreaming can be seen as an actual place that your spirit and soul leaves every night to go and visit.

Types of DreamsTypes of Dreams

•Daydream

•Lucid Dream

•Recurring Dream

•Nightmare

Daydream

an average of 70-120 minutes a day. a level of consciousness between sleep and

wakefulness It occurs during our waking hours when we

let our imagination carry us away. the meanings to your nightly dream symbols

are also applicable to your daydreams.

Lucid dreaming takes place when you are in the middle of a

dream and you recognize that it is a dream.

recurring dream  Dream that has been made for several

times

Key WordsKey Words

Psychiatrist:

Specialist in study and treatment of mental illness

Neuropsychologist:Scientists who studies the

relationship between the brain and nervous system and behavior.

Key PointsKey Points

Muscular Tone

Key PointsKey Points

Sigmund Freud’s Human Mind

Sigmund Freud 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939 an Austrian neurologist who founded the

psychoanalytic school of psychiatry. Freud is best known for his theories of the

unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression, and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient, technically referred to as an "analysand", and a psychoanalyst.

Freud redefined sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life

Pavlov(1849-1936) The Russian scientist studying the mechanisms

underlying the digestive system in mammals.

awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.

turned to studying the laws on the formation of conditioned reflexes, a topic on which he worked until his death in 1936.

Comprehension Questions

• 1. What are the three basic physiological criteria for dreaming?

• 2. What are the amount of dream of new-born infants, adults, birds and reptiles and amphibians?

• 3. what are the two principal characteristics of dreaming activity?

• 4. When may sleepwalking occur?• 5. what do you think the importance of studying

dreams is?• 6. What is the hypothesis directing our study?

Explain it!

•The Three basic physiological criteria for dreaming

1

Disappearance of muscular tone

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

Characteristic brain waves

2• The Amount of Dream

Newborn infants: 50%

Adult: 20%

Birds: 0.5%

Reptile and amphibian: 0

Two principal characteristics of Two principal characteristics of dreaming activitydreaming activity

First, rapid eye movement, which we call phase phenomenon

Second, the blocking of muscular tone, which is called a tonic phenomenon

SleepwalkingSleepwalking

Not during dream periods

but in the half awake

The importance of studying The importance of studying dreamsdreams

To studying dreams is to study one of the brain's most mysterious functions, to know an important physiological role and to define what that role is. Probably, studying dreams can also help us explain certain mental illnesses and many other things.

The hypothesisThe hypothesis

Dreaming activity is inseparable from other activities of the nervous system.

There are no separate states of waking, sleeping, dreaming.

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9

It even occurred to us that it might be connected with the very special role that whiskers play in

the cat, and we actually tried cutting them off to see whether this might have some effect.

It even occurred to us means an idea comes to our mind.

Tried cutting them off means to cut them off to see the result of.

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

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This research was carried out in collaboration with Kleitman and Dement in the United States, among others.

Among others means among other people.

We can identify, to within one second, the instance he begins to dream and the instance his

dream ends.

The preposition "to" is used here to show degree.

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9

The center controlling muscular tone, which is no bigger than a grape seed, lives his dreams.

The word live can also be used as a transitive verb meaning to “to experience ,or cause to become vivid”

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9

It is not a coincidence that the physician chosen to participate in the first trip to the moon planned by the Americans is a specialist in sleep.

It is not a coincidence that means " it is not by chance that."

Are Dreams as Vital as Sleep

Unit 9

AssignmentsAssignments

Learn more about Freud’s The Interpretation of Dreams

Finishing the exercises following the text