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Unit A 1.0: Biodiversity on Unit A 1.0: Biodiversity on EarthEarth
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological Diversity
Biological Diversity – differences in appearance, behaviors and niches of all the organisms on earth– However, all living things need:
energy, made of cell(s), reproduce, grow and have adaptations
Biotic – livingAbiotic- non-living
OutcomesOutcomes
1.1k- Observe variation in living things
1.2k- Describe examples of variation among species and within species
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityOrganisms are organized into the
following groups:Species- organisms that can reproduce
with each other Ex. Elk or HorsesPopulation – a species that live in a
specific area Ex. Elk around VikingCommunity - >2 species living in an area
Ex. Elk and White tailed deer in VikingEcosystem – >2 species and their
interactions with non-living Ex. Elk and deer with sunlight, water, nutrients in Viking
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityA. Diversity Between Ecosystems Boreal Forest vs. Desert
Gobi Desert (China)
Namib Desert
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityB. Diversity Within Ecosystems
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityC. Diversity Within Species
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological Diversity
D. Species Distribution - There are more species around
equator than at poles – why?
Coral reefs and rainforests have the highest biological diversity on Earth.
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityOrganisms are classified into the Linneaus
system. This system shows relation between species.
KingdomPhylumClassesOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
General
Specific
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityAre a dog and a wolf of the same
species? How are they related? How are they different?
Wolf vs. DogWolf vs. Dog
Kingdom -Animalia (all animals)Phylum - Chordata (animals with notochords)Class - Mammalia Order – Carnivora Family – Canidae Genus – Canis Species- Lupis (Grey Wolf) Familiaris (Dogs)
What about a dolphin vs. What about a dolphin vs. swordfish?swordfish?
Dolphins vs. MarlinDolphins vs. Marlin
Kingdom : Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Family: Delphinidae Genus: Tursiops Species- truncatus
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum : ChordataClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: Perciformes Family: XiphiidaeGenus: XiphiasSpecies: gladius
I. Biological DiversityI. Biological DiversityThe proper way to identify an
organism is to use its Genus species name.
Homo sapien
1.2 - Interdependence1.2 - Interdependence
1.5k- Investigate dependencies among species that link the survival of one species to the survival of others
1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence
What do the parts of the word mean?
1.2 Interdependence1.2 InterdependenceEvery species requires another species
to survive. Ex. Plants are required to trap energy
from the Sun Ex. Plants require insects to spread
pollen
1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence
There are three main interdependent relationships.
A. Predation -Prey provide food for predators -Predators keep the prey population
size down.
Lynx & Lynx & HaresHares
InterdependenceInterdependenceB. Symbiosis – a long lasting
relationship between species where one benefits
1.Commensalism – one benefits, other does not benefit nor is harmed
Ex. Barnacles and whales
1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence
2. Mutualism – both organisms benefit Ex. Bees and flowers
3. Parasitism – one benefits; one is harmed; parasite’s survival depends on the health of the host
Ex. Tapeworm and a human stomach
1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence
1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence
C. Competition Niche – the role of an organism in
the ecosystem. This includes its food, its predators, habitat, range and reproduction.
1.2 Interdependence1.2 InterdependenceInterspecific competition may exist in
a niche. This is competition between two species.
If this exists, only one species will be able to survive in the ecosystem.
To reduce competition, organisms undergo resource partitioning.
1.2 Interdependence1.2 Interdependence
Resource partitioning – when species share a resource (ex. Food, habitat)
Ex. Warblers in a spruce tree
**These relationships demonstrate how variation between species and in ecosystems help species
1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies
Outcomes: 1.4k- Describe the role of variation
in enabling closely related living things to survive in the same ecosystem
1.6k- Identify the role of variation in species survival under changing environmental conditions
1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies
Variability – difference in behavior, appearance and genetics in a single species
The more variation within a species, the more likely the species will survive changes. Changes can be:– Drought, food sources, predators,
antibiotics
1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies
Ex. Banded Snail
Depending on the season, some colors are at an advantage over others = species survival
1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies
Natural selection – when the environment “selects” better suited organisms to survive
Ex. Cliff swallows pg. 24Those that survive will pass on
their traits. Those that die cannot pass on their traits.
Peppered MothsPeppered Moths
1.3 Variation Within 1.3 Variation Within SpeciesSpecies
Thought Lab: Trophy buck are those with large
antlers. Hunters are interested usually in these, instead of weaker bucks with smaller antlers.
What will eventually happen to the size of antlers?
Review for Quiz #1Review for Quiz #1What are 4 things common to all
living organisms?What does the term biological
diversity mean?Give an example of an ant’s
community and ecosystem if it is living in your backyard.
Where on the planet are most species located?
Review for QuizReview for Quiz
List the order of classifying a species from most general to most specific.
What is the system called that is used to classify a species?
What does this system show about organisms?
Review for QuizReview for QuizWhat does interdependence mean?Give one example of interdependence.
What are the 3 types of interdependence?
What does symbiosis mean?
Why isn’t predation considered to be symbiosis?
Review for QuizReview for QuizWhat happens to a predators population,
when the prey population suddenly decreases?
Why is it important for prey populations to have predators?
What is commensalism? Give one example.
What is mutualism? Give one example.What is parasitism? Give one example.
Review for QuizReview for QuizWhat does a niche include?What does interspecific competition mean?What is resource partitioning? Why do
species do this?
Why is variation necessary for species to survive?
What kinds of changes can occur in an ecosystem?
Review QuizReview Quiz
How does the banded snail show variation?
What is natural selection? How does it alter the next generation of offspring?