Unit I-Unit I-

Mesopotamia and EgyptMesopotamia and Egypt

Were Egypt and Were Egypt and mesopotmia Advanced mesopotmia Advanced Urban Cultures?Urban Cultures?

CitiesCities SpecializationSpecialization Applied technologyApplied technology Monumental architechtureMonumental architechture Sophisticated artsSophisticated arts Writing recordsWriting records CentralizationCentralization Long distance tradeLong distance trade

Geographic FactorsGeographic Factors

The Nile constant- The Nile constant- gift of the Nile-gift of the Nile-

Three crops per yearThree crops per year Long fertile river Long fertile river

valleyvalley Stability-staticStability-static

Tigris- EuphratesTigris- Euphrates Drought and flood Drought and flood

cyclecycle Instability- dynamicInstability- dynamic

Egyptian and Mesopotamian Egyptian and Mesopotamian Monumental ArchitectureMonumental Architecture

GizaGiza BabylonBabylon

List three principal List three principal difference b/w difference b/w Mesopotamian and Egyptian Mesopotamian and Egyptian AUCsAUCs

1.1. 2.2. 3. 3.

Geographic- other factorsGeographic- other factors

Trials period 7Trials period 7

Qin Shi Hwaung Di – HañaQin Shi Hwaung Di – Haña Qin’s Lawyer – ChloeQin’s Lawyer – Chloe Qin’s Prosecuter – MatianaQin’s Prosecuter – Matiana Atilla the Hun – MikeyAtilla the Hun – Mikey Atilla’s Lawyer – AndyAtilla’s Lawyer – Andy Atilla’s Prosecutor – ValisaAtilla’s Prosecutor – Valisa Jesus – LaurenJesus – Lauren Jesus’ Lawyer – SeanJesus’ Lawyer – Sean Jesus’ Prosecutor – IzzyJesus’ Prosecutor – Izzy Spartacus – GusSpartacus – Gus Spartacus’ Lawyer – IanSpartacus’ Lawyer – Ian Spartacus Prosecutor – LEENATALI (watch out)Spartacus Prosecutor – LEENATALI (watch out)

mesopotamiamesopotamia

SumeriansSumerians Akkadians- aka the blackheadsAkkadians- aka the blackheads Hamurabbi- BabylonHamurabbi- Babylon AssyriansAssyrians BabyloniansIIBabyloniansII Hibiru- aka hebrews/jewsHibiru- aka hebrews/jews HittitesHittites HyksosHyksos PhoeneciansPhoenecians Nubians(Kush)Nubians(Kush)

Bantu MigrationsBantu Migrations

Cameroon- area- migrated thruought SW Cameroon- area- migrated thruought SW Africa- see map.Africa- see map.

trialstrials

Review- trial overview, expectations.Review- trial overview, expectations. Trial choicesTrial choices Qin Shi Hwang Di- Chinese EmperorQin Shi Hwang Di- Chinese Emperor Spartacus- rebellious SlaveSpartacus- rebellious Slave Socrates- Greek PhilosopherSocrates- Greek Philosopher Jesus- Son of ManJesus- Son of Man Muhammed- Prophet of Islam Muhammed- Prophet of Islam Atilla the Hun- Brutal LeaderAtilla the Hun- Brutal Leader Joan of Arc- maid of LorraineJoan of Arc- maid of Lorraine Genghis Kahn- Mongol LeaderGenghis Kahn- Mongol Leader Galileo- Scientist and hereticGalileo- Scientist and heretic Martin Luther- Heretic and priestMartin Luther- Heretic and priest Cortez- captain in Spanish MilitaryCortez- captain in Spanish Military Ahuitzotl- Aztec KingAhuitzotl- Aztec King Ivan I- Russian kingIvan I- Russian king Santiago the Moor SlayerSantiago the Moor Slayer

IndiaIndia

HomeworkHomework

1. Read to page 99 in Harmon- 3 good 1. Read to page 99 in Harmon- 3 good questions- typed and ready.questions- typed and ready.

2. Complete Indian question from bentley and 2. Complete Indian question from bentley and Zeigler web pageZeigler web page

3. Work on trials3. Work on trials 4. Start Religion Charts (due in two weeks) with 4. Start Religion Charts (due in two weeks) with

a partner.a partner. Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam,

Buddhism, plus one other- like Buddhism, plus one other- like Zoroastrianism…..or PaganismZoroastrianism…..or Paganism

Emperor Wu Di-140-87 Emperor Wu Di-140-87 BCEBCE

Han Wu Di wore SilkHan Wu Di wore Silk

Wu Di DecisionsWu Di Decisions

Aggressive Neighbors Aggressive Neighbors Wu Di - 140-87 BCE - one of Wu Di - 140-87 BCE - one of

most successful Chinese most successful Chinese emperors emperors

Sent 100,000 man army after Sent 100,000 man army after Xiongnu Xiongnu

Never defeated them totally, Never defeated them totally, but kept them from raiding but kept them from raiding north north

Extended Great Wall 300 Extended Great Wall 300 miles miles

Conquered parts of Conquered parts of Manchuria, Korea and Manchuria, Korea and Vietnam persistent, problem Vietnam persistent, problem

Wu DiWu Di

Nomads often just wanted to trade Nomads often just wanted to trade Some emperors too arrogant to deal with Some emperors too arrogant to deal with

barbarians barbarians Responses varied over time Responses varied over time Extend and fortify Great Wall attack Extend and fortify Great Wall attack

(usually failed) . (usually failed) . Tribute system established. Tribute system established.

Wu- Wu- Allow Foreign trade Allow Foreign trade

Nomads rode around wall or Nomads rode around wall or bribed gate house officers-bribed gate house officers-smart nomads smart nomads

Foreign Trade started Silk Foreign Trade started Silk Roads - one of best known in Roads - one of best known in world - horses were the key - world - horses were the key - "Celestial Horse." "Celestial Horse."

Wu Di wanted exotic animals, Wu Di wanted exotic animals, plants, foods taxes from trade plants, foods taxes from trade

silk, spices, gold, animal skins silk, spices, gold, animal skins map, see silk road map – p. map, see silk road map – p. 11 – silk road activity on line.11 – silk road activity on line.

conquered many cultures conquered many cultures along route.along route.

Wu DiWu Di

Trained sons to be rulers trained in Chang'an Trained sons to be rulers trained in Chang'an dangers dangers

Military forts and troops established along the Military forts and troops established along the way way

no export of iron or weapons (strategic move) no export of iron or weapons (strategic move) Only diffusion of ideas, plants, animals, Only diffusion of ideas, plants, animals,

diseases, religion diseases, religion Merchants learned about India, M.E., Europe Merchants learned about India, M.E., Europe

(Roman Empire) and Muslims (Roman Empire) and Muslims Closed to Europeans by Muslims later. Closed to Europeans by Muslims later.

Increasing Government Increasing Government Income (Revenue)Income (Revenue)

no increase in peasant no increase in peasant taxes taxes

close to starvation - close to starvation - risked rebellion risked rebellion

Established taxes on Established taxes on trade on Silk Road trade on Silk Road

Nationalized salt, iron Nationalized salt, iron industries industries

Sold officer commissions Sold officer commissions Occasional taxes on Occasional taxes on

nobility (risky) nobility (risky) fines for punishment-fines for punishment-

Li Do Bong- Chinese Li Do Bong- Chinese PeasantPeasant

Government Organization Government Organization and Bureaucratsand Bureaucrats

Confucian values (what emperors liked and Confucian values (what emperors liked and disliked not set down- internalized)disliked not set down- internalized)

No set documents for legalism- later adapted No set documents for legalism- later adapted ConfucianismConfucianism

Middle class and poor communities hired tutorsMiddle class and poor communities hired tutors Very competitive- Very competitive- 3 days essays3 days essays Locked in a hut with a quill and ink- daily given Locked in a hut with a quill and ink- daily given

paper and an essay questionpaper and an essay question

Essays were RoughEssays were Rough

Some died from exhaustionSome died from exhaustion Essays on Mandarin and Essays on Mandarin and

Confucian values- Confucian values- Best of the best- scholar Best of the best- scholar

bureaucratsbureaucrats Excellent pay and benefits- Excellent pay and benefits-

life on easy street.life on easy street. Those not?Those not? 83 provinces- 20 kinglets83 provinces- 20 kinglets Not allowed to initially return Not allowed to initially return

home to serve in own home to serve in own province.province.

Bureaucrat Shielded From Bureaucrat Shielded From Sun-Sun-

The Imperial ExamThe Imperial Exam

There are a few degree types offered:There are a few degree types offered: ShēngyuánShēngyuán ( ( 生員生員 ), also called ), also called xiùcáixiùcái

(( 秀才秀才 ), licentiate; administered at exams ), licentiate; administered at exams held in the county level each year. held in the county level each year. Anshou, (Anshou, ( 案首案首 )a shēngyuán who ranked #1 )a shēngyuán who ranked #1 Gongsheng (Gongsheng ( 貢生貢生 ), or "tribute student",), or "tribute student",[1] a a

senior licentiate senior licentiate

Scoring ExamsScoring Exams

JǔrénJǔrén ( ( 舉人舉人 ) or "recommended man",) or "recommended man",[1] a provincial graduate, administered at the a provincial graduate, administered at the provincial level every three years provincial level every three years Jieyuan (Jieyuan ( 解元解元 ) jǔrén who ranked #1. ) jǔrén who ranked #1. Huiyuan (Huiyuan ( 會元會元 ), jǔrén who ranked #1 in ), jǔrén who ranked #1 in

prequalification prequalification Gongshi (Gongshi ( 貢士貢士 ), jǔrén who passed ), jǔrén who passed

prequalification prequalification

JìnshìJìnshì ( ( 進士進士 ) or "presented scholar",) or "presented scholar",[1] a metropolitan a metropolitan graduate, administered in the capital every three years graduate, administered in the capital every three years Jinshi jidi (Jinshi jidi ( 進士及第進士及第 ) Jinshi who were ranked first class in ) Jinshi who were ranked first class in

Jinshi examiniation. Jinshi examiniation. Zhuangyuan (Zhuangyuan ( 狀元狀元 ), lit. ), lit. exemplar of the stateexemplar of the state, jìnshì who , jìnshì who

ranked #1 first class (in Jinshi examination) . ranked #1 first class (in Jinshi examination) . Bangyan (Bangyan ( 榜眼榜眼 ), lit. ), lit. eyes positioned alongside (the top-ranked eyes positioned alongside (the top-ranked

scholar)scholar), jìnshì who ranked #2 first class. , jìnshì who ranked #2 first class. Tanhua (Tanhua ( 探花探花 ), lit. ), lit. selective talentselective talent (in reference to the (in reference to the

eponymous banquet), jìnshì who ranked #3 first class. eponymous banquet), jìnshì who ranked #3 first class. Jinshi Chushen (Jinshi Chushen ( 進士出身進士出身 ) jìnshì who were ranked second ) jìnshì who were ranked second

class in Jinshi examination. class in Jinshi examination. Tong Jinshi Chushen (Tong Jinshi Chushen ( 同進士出身同進士出身 ) jìnshì who were ranked ) jìnshì who were ranked

third class in Jinshi examiniation. third class in Jinshi examiniation.

Exam Barracks-Could You Exam Barracks-Could You hang?hang?

By 115, a set curriculum had become By 115, a set curriculum had become established for the so-called First Generation established for the so-called First Generation of examination takers. They were tested on of examination takers. They were tested on their proficiency in the "their proficiency in the "Six Arts":":

Scholastic arts: music, arithmetic, writing, and Scholastic arts: music, arithmetic, writing, and knowledge of the rituals and ceremonies in knowledge of the rituals and ceremonies in both public and private life. both public and private life.

Militaristic: archery and horsemanship Militaristic: archery and horsemanship

Peasant Decision Making-Peasant Decision Making-

What would you do?What would you do? Sell that kid?Sell that kid?

Classical IndiaClassical India

Moheno-daroMoheno-daro HarrapaHarrapa Questions about?Questions about?

MinoansMinoans

Knossos , Crete-Knossos , Crete-circa 1900 BCEcirca 1900 BCEKing MinosKing Minosslays the Minotaur, slays the Minotaur, monster babymonster baby

Labyrinth in palaceLabyrinth in palace Daedalus and Daedalus and

IcarusIcarus

The MinotaurThe Minotaur

Legends- which do you Legends- which do you know?know?

Ancient Greek legends re- MinoansAncient Greek legends re- MinoansTheseus legend ofTheseus legend ofMinoans destroyed by fire- peaked in Minoans destroyed by fire- peaked in 1600 BCE1600 BCEContacts w/Syria and SicilyContacts w/Syria and Sicily

MinoansMinoans

Fought w/ Egyptians Fought w/ Egyptians v. Hyksosv. HyksosRitual cannibalism Ritual cannibalism practicedpracticedChildren, etc. Children, etc. sacrificedsacrificedRedistribution by Redistribution by ruler of wealthruler of wealth

Knossos PalaceKnossos Palace

Crete-the MinoansCrete-the Minoans

Lingo-Linear ALingo-Linear A

Linear B scriptLinear B script-protogreek-protogreekLinear A- not Linear A- not deciphered yetdeciphered yetModern Greek Modern Greek derived from derived from Phoenecian alphabetPhoenecian alphabet

Linear BLinear B

Linear BLinear B AlphabetAlphabet

PhalanxPhalanxMinoan Bronze AgeMinoan Bronze AgeKnossos CreteKnossos CretePalace of MinosPalace of MinosCretan ArtCretan ArtNo defenses around No defenses around citiescities

KhouriKhouri

Greek Art changedGreek Art changed

CharioteerCharioteer

Snake Goddess of CreteSnake Goddess of Crete

Mother goddess cultMother goddess cultSnake goddessesSnake goddesses

Fertility cultsFertility cults

Greek ArchitectureGreek Architecture

Greek Fire ThrowerGreek Fire Thrower