UNIT I

Listening-Introducing learners to GIE- types of listening – listening to audio (verbal & sounds)

Speaking: speaking about one‘s place, important festivals etc., - introducing oneself, one‘s

family/friend

Reading: Skimming a reading passage – Scanning for specific information – Note-making

Writing: Free writing on any given topic (My favorite place/hobbies/school life, etc), sentence

completion, autobiographical writing (writing one‘s leisure time activities, hometown, etc.,

Grammar: Prepositions – Reference Words – Wh questions-Tenses(Simple); vocabulary- word

formation-word expansion(root words/etymology)

E-materials – Interactive exercises for grammar and vocabulary-Reading comprehension

exercises – listening to audio files and answering questions.

PART A

VOCABULARY:

Changing words from one form to another

1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of words: (AU June 2011)

Noun Adjective Person concerned

Volcano Volcanic Volcanologist

Astronomy Astronomical Astronomer

Genetics Genetic Geneticist

Physics Physical Physicist

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of words: (AU June 2012)

Verb Noun Adjective

Specify Specification Specified

Evolve Evolution Evolutionary

Differentiate Difference Different

Civilize Civilization Civilization

3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of words: (AU January 2012)

Verb Noun Adjective

Compare Comparison Comparative

Investigate Investigation Investigative

Associate Association Associative

Naturalize Nature Natural

4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of words: (AU Jan 2013)

Verb Noun Adjective

navigate Navigation Navigational

Disagree Disagreement disagreeable

expand Expansive Expansive

Deregulate deregulation Deregulatory

5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of words: (AU Jun 2013)

Noun Verb Adjective Adverb

Diminished Diminish Diminishing Diminishable

Reflection Reflect Reflective Reflectivity

Tense

6. Fill in the blanks with correct tense forms of the verbs given in brackets. (AU June 2011)

(a) India has been using (use) the nuclear technology for constructive purposes for the past four

decades.

(b) What do you do now? (do).

7. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets (AU January 2011)

Accidents always happen (happen) at a point of time and space. Given the fatalities, it works

out (work out) to 0.00328 percent of the total road user kilometers everyday these stretches of

highways. A small number really, but a massive loss if you think (think) of the life time earning

potential of those who die (die) in these mishaps.

8. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets (AU June 2012)

Nuclear fuels give out (give out) dangerous and very penetrative radiation.

During fission even more radiation produced (product). This radiation is (be) harmful even in

small quantities. It attacks (attack) living tissues.

9. Fill in the blanks with suitable forms of the verbs given in brackets (AU January 2012)

When the movie hall collapsed last night, several people were killed (kill).Many more would

have been killed (kill)if the tragedy had occurred (occur) half an hour later when the main film

was due to be screened (screen).

10. Fill in the blanks with correct tense forms: (AU Jan 2013)

(a) They built (build) this castle in 1765.

(b) Liz-has not yet finished (not finish) her homework yet.

(c) Look! Jane and Joseph are playing (play) tennis.

(d) A heavy wind was blowing (blow) when the helicopter landed.

11. Fill in the blanks with the suitable tense forms: (Jan 2016)

I‘m a student of the University and I came (come) here a year ago. I was living (live) in

my hometown before that. I enjoyed (enjoy) my days in the college and am planning (plan) to

do my best now.

Framing “WH” Questions

1. He comes from Avadi.

a. Where does he come from?

2. No, he didn‘t attend the meeting

a. Did he attend the meeting?

3. The part begins at 7 am

a. When does the party begin?

4. My son studies well.

a. How does your son study?

5. Yes, I got the message.

a. Did you get the message?

6. Here is my smart card.

a. Where is your smart card?

Frame Questions:

Yes, I have taken all my certificates.

Have you taken all the certificates? He is my friend, Dinakar

Who is he?

I want to go to the library.

Where do you want to go?

I like pinkcolour.

Which colour do you like?

Frame WH questions: (Jan 2016)

(1) Spain won the FIFA World cup in 2010.

Which country won the FIFA World cup in 2010?

(2)Brazil shall host the 2014 world cup in June-July.

Which country shall host the 2014 world cup June-July?

(3)Brazil has won the World Cup five times.

How many times has Brazil won the world cup?

(4) Maradona of Argentina was the great player in 1986

Who was the great player in Argentina in 1986?

Prepositions

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions: (May/June 2010)

The thorium reserves can be used for fast breeder reactors. A very small quantity of

nuclear fuel produces energy that can otherwise be produced in vast quantities of conventional

fuels like coal.

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable preposition: (Dec 2010) One of the important benefits of civilization is that our standard of life has improved.

There is much more variety in our lives. We have a wide choice of everything from wrist

watches to flash lights. Food from any part of the world can be obtained in any season of the

year.

Sentence Completion using Conditional clauses:

(a) If I were you, I would pass the exam. (AU June 2013) (AU Jan 2013)

(b) If I had not gone there, would not have done the work. (AU June 2013)

(c) If we had gone to London, we would have seen the Thames Bridge.(AU Jan 2013)

(d) If we speak in English always, we will gain naturalness while we speak.

Reference Words:

(Fill in the blanks with the suitable reference words)

1.Things are lying on the floor. Pick -------up. (them)

2. The pronunciation of some companies‘ name is different ----------Somany Ceramics. (for

example)

3. The astrologers predict and the scientists do not agree on ----------predictions. (their)

4. Salim Ali is an ornithologist. -----has published a monumental work. (He)

PART B

1. Write an essay on your favourite place or hometown (16 marks)

2. Write an essay on your hobbies (16 marks)

3. Recall your school life and write an autobiographical essay (16 marks).

Paragraph writing

(1) The evolution of communication technology from ancient to modern times. (AU June 2009)

(2) The ways to conserve and optimize the use of available fossil fuels. (AU June 2009)

(3) ―Burning coal for power generation leads to environmental hazards like acid rain‖.

Write a paragraph in bout 200 words offering solution to this statement. (AU June 2011)

(4) Write a paragraph in about 200 words on the use of computers in modern life. (AU June

2011) (5) Write a paragraph of 200 words describing your computer practice laboratory. (AU Jan

2011) (6) Write a coherent paragraph of 200 words describing your difficulties in adjusting to the new

situation when you joined the college (AU January 2011)

(7) Describe the use of human recourses in two paragraphs, each paragraph in 100 words.

(AU June 2012)

(8) Describe how fossil fuels help in the conservation of energy in two paragraphs, each in about

100 words (AU June 2012)

(9) Write a technical description of a gas stove, its working principle and its uses in two

paragraphs, each in about 100 words. (AU January 2012)

(10) Describe the appearance, utility and function of a ―Video Camera‖ (AU June 2013)

(11) Write a paragraph, in about 200 words, describing an air-conditioner. . (AU January 2012)

PARAGRAPH WRITING:

FREE WRITING:

Madurai is one of the major cities. It is one of the cultural headquarters in Tamil Nadu. It is

the 31st largest urban agglomeration in India. Madurai is the third largest city by area and third

largest city by population in Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of River Vaigai. It has been

a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the

world.

Madurai is closely associated with the Tamil language, and the third Tamil Sangam, a major

congregation of Tamil scholars, is said to have been held in the city. The recorded history of the

city goes back to the 3rd century BCE, being mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador

to India, and Kautilya, a minister of the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Signs of

human settlements and Roman trade links dating back to 300BC are evident from excavations by

Archeological Survey of India in Manalur. The city is believed to be of significant antiquity and

has been ruled, at different times, by the Pandyas, Cholas, Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagar

Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Carnatic kingdom, and the British.

The city has a number of historical monuments, with the Meenakshi Amman Temple and

TirumalaiNayak Palace being the most prominent. Madurai is an important industrial and

educational hub in South Tamil Nadu. The city is home to various automobile, rubber, chemical

and granite manufacturing industries. It has developed as a second-tier city for information

technology (IT), and some software companies have opened offices in Madurai. The Tamil Nadu

government has planned a satellite town for Madurai near Thoppur.

Madurai has important government educational institutes like the Madurai Medical College,

Homeopathic Medical College, Madurai Law College, Agricultural College and Research

Institute. Madurai city is administered by a municipal corporation established in 1971 as per the

Municipal Corporation Act. Madurai is the second corporation in Tamil Nadu next to Chennai

corporation. The city covers an area of 242.97 km2 and had a population of 1,017,865 in 2011.

[13]

The city is also the seat of a bench of the Madras High Court, one of only a few courts outside

the state capitals of India.

BIOGRAPHICAL WRITING

Shanti SwaroopBhatnagar was an Indian scientist who was born in 1894. He was a

Professor of Chemistry and the first Chairman of University Grants Commission. He , a Hindu

Punjabi, was born in Punjab. When he was eight months old, he lost his father. He was looked

after by his maternal grandfather who was an engineer and from whom he developed a liking for

science and technology. He inherited a gift of composing poems and writing plays from his

maternal side. He studied in DAV school in Sikanadarabad and in Dayal Singh College, Lahore.

Bhatnagar passed the Intermediate Examination of the Punjab University in 1913 and joined the

Forman Christian College from where he obtained BSc with major in Physics and MSc in

Chemistry.

He was an innovative scientist who had plenty of ideas related to oil and drilling

procedures. He did a research work on subjects related to petroleum. He wrote jointly with

K.N.Mathur ‗Physical principles and applications of manetochemistry‘ which is considered a

standard work on the subject. His thesis is Solubilities of bi- and trivalent salts of higher fatty

acids in oils and their effect on surface tension of oils. Bhatnagar played a significant part along

with H.J.Bhabha, Vikram Sarabhai and others in building of India‘s post-independence science

and technology infrastructure and policies. Bhatnagar was a university professor for 19 years

first at the Banaras Hindu University and then at the Punjab University and he had a reputation

as a very inspiring teacher and it was as a teacher that he himself was most happy. His research

contribution in the areas of magnetochemistry and physical chemistry of emulsion were widely

recognised. He also did considerable work in applied chemistry. He played an instrumental role

in the establishment of the National Research Development Corporation (NRDC) of India, which

bridges the gap between research and development. Bhatnagar was responsible for the initiation

of the Industrial Research Association movement in the country. He constituted the one-man

Commission in 1951 to negotiate with oil companies for starting refineries and this ultimately led

to the establishment of many oil refineries in different parts of the country. He induced many

individuals and organisations to donate liberally for the cause of science and education. He is the

recipient of Padma Bhushan, knighthood from British Government which honoured him with a

title ‗Sir‘. He extended his tremendous service to the development of science and technology. He

died of a heart attack on 1 January 1955, aged only 60.

BIOGRAPHICAL WRITING

RashmiBansal is a writer, entrepreneur and a youth expert. She is the author of five

bestselling books on entrepreneurship - Stay Hungry Stay Foolish, Connect the Dots, I Have a

Dream, Poor Little Rich Slum and "Follow Every Rainbow" and "Take Me Home". As reported

by the New York Times, collectively her books have sold over half a million copies and have

been translated in numerous languages. Stay Hungry Stay Foolish features the stories of 25

MBAs from IIM Ahmedabad who left lucrative jobs to follow the rough road of

entrepreneurship. The book was an initiative by the Centre for Innovation Incubation and

Entrepreneurship at IIM-A. Stay Hungry Stay Foolish created a new record in Indian publishing

by selling over 350,000 copies and has been translated into 8 languages.

RashmiBansal‘s second book, Connect the Dotsfocusses on non-MBA entrepreneurs. It

has also been a bestseller, selling over 100,000 copies. The book was shortlisted for The

Economist Crossword Popular Award 2010. Her third book I Have a Dream, on social

entrepreneurs, was released in June 2011. The book was the no. 1 non-fiction title in India in

2011, as per A C Nielsen retail Bookscan. The book was also shortlisted for The Economist

Crossword Popular Award 2012. Her fourth book, Poor Little Rich Slum, on the spirit of

enterprise in Mumbai‘s Dharavi slum was released in June 2012.

Rashmi's latest book, "Follow Every Rainbow" was launched on 8 March 2013

(International Women's Day) and features the inspiring stories of 25 women entrepreneurs who

created successful businesses. The book uniquely (unlike her earlier books) features the stories of

enterprising women from across the world.

Rashmi mentions that she is interested in writing her next book on student entrepreneurs.

She is the co-founder and editor of JAM (Just Another Magazine). She writes extensively on

youth, careers and entrepreneurship on her blog Youth Curry. Rashmi is a columnist on popular

Indian news portal Rediff.com and a regular contributor to India‘s largest selling business

magazine - Businessworld, where her articles generate extensive interest and debate.

She has also been Consulting Editor with business news channel Bloomberg UTV where

she hosted India‘s first call-in show on careers ‗Stay Hungry‘. Rashmi is a consultant for

international youth research agencies such as The Futures Company (a division of WPP,

London) and Flamingo Research (Singapore).

A guest lecturer at various business schools across the world including IIM Ahmedabad,

IIM Bangalore, ISB, and S P Jain among others, Rashmi mentors numerous students and young

entrepreneurs. She also conducts motivational talks and youth insight seminars for corporates.

An economics graduate from Sophia College, Mumbai and an MBA from IIM Ahmedabad (PGP

1993), she lives in Mumbai. Her new book is on the way.

BIOGRAPHICAL WRITING:

Albert Einstein was born on 36-3-1876. He was born in Ugh, Germany. He was

educated in Rotterdam Academy. He was not a teacher‘s pet. He was far from being a genius in

the beginning. He was unable to speak fluently until he was 12 years old. He was popular in his

school for eating too much.

One day he threw a spitball at his classmate‘s back. The spitball altered the force of

gravity. He started observing the laws of physics. By 16, he mastered the differential and integral

calculus.

He was expelled from the school because he let a rabid skunk loose in class. He brought

the animal in his lunch box. The box is a kind of squirrel which spreads unpleasant smell when

it is attacked. Einstein was expelled from Rotterdam Academy.

Einstein felt shameful to tell his parents about his dismissal from the school. He started

performing arts on the roads. He played violin. He joined London Symphony Orchestra and

went to London. He was the most talented violin player in the Orchestra. He felt bored and left

London for New York.

Einstein tried stage performances. He was witty. He was an instant success on the stage

in New York. He provided music and mirth. He had a strange appearance. He had frizzy hair.

He was nicknamed ‗Fuzz-Ball‘. His interest in Physics and Maths grew and he joined Fashion

Institute of Technology. There he argued with a powerful professor over an algorithm and

opportunities were closed for him thereafter.

He found a job in the patent office. He married Berta Marsic, his classmate in

Rotterdam Academy. He had two daughters. He led an unhappy married life. He divorced her

and married Elsa in 1917.

He continued his studies and wrote many famous scientific papers . His Theory of Relativity

was published in 1905 which earned him the world‘s best Nobel prize. He bcame a rock star in

the academic world. He served as a professor in various reputed Universities like State

University of New York, University of Zurich and University of Berlin. He won the Nobel prize

in 1923 for his photo electric effect. He became the Superstar of Science for his equation. He

was simple. He played practical jokes on his colleagues. He was totally engrossed in physics and

he forgot his residential address sometimes. He passed away on 15-4-1955. Many biographies

are being written about this famous physicist.

AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL WRITING:

I was born on ---------------.(Date of Birth) Now I am living at ---------.(present place of

stay) I am doing my BE/B.Tech (-----Dept) in XYZ College of Engineering. Chennai. I live

with my Mom, Dad, brother and sister.

I studied in ---------(school‘s name). My favourite teacher during my school life was------

-----------------. I liked my school very much. The reason for which I like my school is the vision

of the management. The school channelized our talent. It found out our hidden talents. It gave

individual care. It improved our General Knowledge. I participated in the competition.----------

---I won the first prize. I got ------as my prize. I got a certificate. I received the prize from the

hands of the President. It was a memorable moment.

My hobbies are listening to music, growing plants on the terrace, reading novels,

watching movies, visiting temples, praying for others, doing yoga, reading newspapers, GK

books, and browsing on the net. These are my leisure time activities and I do a few of these

activities depending upon the availability of time. But most of the time, I will be finishing my

college assignments.

The slogan which I think to encourage myself when crisis comes in my life is

―Everything and everyone has a purpose and everything whether good or bad happens for our

welfare‖. I believe in God and his Superpower.

READING COMPREHENSION

1.READ THE FOLLOWING PASSAGE CAREFULLY AND ANSWER THE

QUESTIONS GIVEN AT THE END OF IT :( 8)

Ever since humans inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication.

Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When

there is a language barriers, communication is accomplished through sign language in which

motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have had to resort to

this form of expression. Many of these symbols of whole words are very picturesque and exact

and can be used internationally; spelling, however, cannot.

Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or

unintentionally, A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.

Other forms of non-linguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with

the fingertips‘-), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also

guide, warn and instruct people.

While verbalization is the most common forms of language, other systems and techniques also

express human thoughts and feelings.

Choose The Correct Answer: (5)

1. People need to communicate in order to

a) Create language barriers

b) Be picturesque and exact

c) Express thoughts and feelings.

2. Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally

except for

a) Expressions

b) Ideas

c) Spelling

3. What is the best title for the passage?

a) The important of sign language

b) The many forms of communication

c) Ways of expressing feelings.

4. The word ‗these ‗ in sentence

a) Tourists

b) Sign language motions

c) Thoughts and feelings

5. Which form other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people?

a) Picture signs

b) Braille

c) Body language.

Say whether the following statements are true or false: (3)

1. There are many forms of communication in existence today. (T)

2. Body language transmits ideas or thoughts unintentionally. (T)

3. Deaf and the mute use an oral form of communication. (F)

11. ii) Read the excerpts from an interview with the former President of India DR. APJ Abdul

Kalam and answer the questions given below: (8) 2.Today, greatness is largely measured by material wealth, and this in turn brings about

discontent in society. Do you feel there is a need for us to shun materialism as your father

and elders did? I studied till High School in British India. In 1947, we got freedom and I started living in India‘s

India. I have seen various transformations in society, be it the economy or the value system.

While our economy is developing, we need citizens with ethics and a value system. For the last

10 years I‘ve been promoting an idea called Evolution of Enlightened Citizens. It has three

dimensions. One is education with value system. This comes from the family, or may be from a

primary school teacher. After all, the evolution of enlightened Citizens are essential for India and

the world. Second, the dimension is economic prosperity. Third, religion should transform into a

spiritual force. I advocate these three. I have given lectures in our Parliament, addressed the European parliament of 23 nations, a pan-

African parliament of 53 nations, and the Korean parliament. I am not saying the Indian value

system should be taken to other countries. They also have great leaders and traditions based on

their value system. I believe that one‘s value system, the joint family system, economic growth

and different religions transforming into a spiritual force are vital. That‘s why I have shared this

at various interactive forums. Your work gives pre-eminence to inspiring and changing the thought pattern of the youth.

However, as we see the country deluged with problems such as hunger, disease,

deteriorating environment and unfit living conditions, how long will it take to see change,

or is it already visible? Thought is the seed of action. Thought is as ancient as Socrates. Tiruvalluvar, 2,200 years ago,

has also said that…That‘s why I proposed in Parliament that we need India Vision 2020. That is,

by 2020, India should become economically developed. Even now, it‘s not too late. Parliament

should consider how it can activate the vision for the nation, so prosperity can be aimed at. Our

priority should be to use PURA – ‗providing urban amenities in rural areas‘. Our farmers are

producing 250 million tonnes of food. But we don‘t do value addition, which means greater

export potential. We are leading producers of fruits and vegetables but we don‘t process these as

juice or packaged food. And third, of course, small scale industries which are spread across the

country. Are you in touch with the PURA projects, and are these showing results?

I have seen in Madhya Pradesh, the Chitrakoot PURA founded by NanajiDeshmukh. He is a

pioneer and they are doing very well, more than 500 villages are connected, and there is

prosperity. Another one I saw in Maharashtra, Warana PURA. There is no poverty there, because

the cooperative movement is doing very well. And the third I have seen in Tamil Nadu at

Vallam, Thanjavur.Iam in touch with these three, and visit them often. But apart from that, the

Government of India has started a few PURAs with public-private participation. The number of

PURAs is increasing. But it has to be fast. After all, there are 600,000 villages; we have to

establish 7000 PURAs in 10-15 years‘ time. We have less than 100.

Your writing reflects great contentment, yet this never stops you from action.

God helps only those who work hard. There is nothing like contentment. Success is not the

ultimate aim. However, at no time should you allow your problems to overwhelm you. I can‘t

say that I am content, because I meet 80,000 to 100,000 youth a month. I know their dreams,

their pain. A nation without a vision dies. Parliament has to give this vision.

Write short answers for the following questions: (4 x 2 = 8)

1) Kalam says: ‗A nation without vision dies.‘ Comment on this statement.

2) How do PURA projects make the country achieve economic prosperity?

3) India Vision 2020 is only a dream which cannot be achieved. Do you agree with this view?

Justify your view.

4) What will be the future of India after a period of ten years?

ANSWERS

11. B.Write Short Answer for the Following Questions:

1 According to kalam,thought is the seed of action. Thought is as ancient as Socrates and

Thiruvalluvar also said like that. That is why he proposed India Vision 2020 in parliament. And

he is insisting the parliament to consider how to activate the vision for the nation. Since kalam

meets 80,000-100,000 youth a month, he knows their dreams and pain. So according to him ―A

nation without a Vision dies.‖

2. The project PURA (―providing urban amenities in rural areas.‖) can make the country to

achieve economic prosperity. This project increases the export potential, adding value addition to

the farmers by various means of activities. kalam is in touch with the PURA project in Madhya

Pradesh (chitrakoot PURA) Maharastra (warana PURA)and in Tamil Nadu. And more numbers

of villages are acting on it. So this project can make the country to achieve prosperity.

3. For any possible answer 2 marks can be given according to students‘ language and skill.

4. India can be the developed nation after a period of 10 years. Each and every youth has to think

of their thought and dreams and their pain. God would help those who work hard and there is

nothing like contentment. One should not allow their problem to overwhelm them. If parliament

is giving vision to ―A nation without a vision dies‖ definitely India can be the developed nation

after a period of the years.

UNIT II

Listening - Listening and responding to video lectures/talks;

Speaking – Describing a simple process (filling a form, etc) – Asking and answering questions –

Telephone skills – telephone etiquette;

Reading – critical reading – finding key information in a given text – sifting facts from opinions

Writing – Biographical writing (place, people) – process descriptions (general/specific) –

definitions- Recommendations – Instructions;

Grammar – Use of imperatives – Subject-Verb Agreement; Vocabulary – Compound Words-

Word Association (connotation);

E-materials – Interactive exercises for Grammar and Vocabulary – Listening exercises with

sample telephone conversations/lectures-Picture-based activities.

PART A

I )Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B: (AU June 2011) a) Volatile i) a complete view of a stretch of land

b) Amalgamation ii) cooling fluid

c) Panorama iii) likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly

d) Coolant iv) bringing together.

ANS: a) Volatile - likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly

b) Amalgamation - cooling fluid

c) Panorama - a complete view of a stretch of land

d) Coolant - cooling fluid

II)Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B: (AU January, 2011) a) Hazard i) very important4

b) Consumption ii) conservation

c) Sustainable iii) danger 1

d) Critical IV) use 2

v) able to continue over a period of time.3

ANS: a) Hazard - danger

b) Consumption - use

c) Sustainable - able to continue over a period of time.

d) Critical - very important

III) Match the following (2) (AU June 2012)

1. Fantasy Growing in a place where originally from

2. Congested Pollution

3. Contamination Wild imagination

4. Indigenous Overcrowded

unnecessary

ANS:

1. Fantasy Wild imagination

2. Congested Overcrowded

3. Contamination Pollution

4. Indigenous Growing in a place where originally from

V) Match the following: (AU Jan 2013)

a. augmentation – a deep and narrow valley 2

b. ravine - outstanding 3

c. exceptional - calm, peaceful 4

d. tranquil - increase 1

ANS:

e. augmentation – increase

f. ravine - a deep and narrow valley

g. exceptional - outstanding

h. tranquil - calm, peaceful

VI) Make opposites words from the following words, using appropriate prefixes (AU

January 2011).

Questions Answers 1. Possible - impossible

2. Intelligible - unintelligible

3. Definite -. indefinite

4. Courage. - discourage

VII) Using suitable prefixes like „micro-„and „under-„, get the correct word: (AU Jan 2009)

a) A living creature which is too small to be seen is micro-organism

b) A building with too many floors is multistoreyed

c) A person who does not have enough nourishment is malnourished

d) A person who does not have enough work is underemployed

IX ) .Coin new words using „prefix‟ or „suffix‟(AU June 2011)

Prefix root word suffix

Un capacity fic

in measure tive

de science ate

semi active or

im conduct able

ANS: 1. Unmeasureable 2. Semiconductor 3. Deactivate 5. Scientific

X) .Supply the suitable prefix to get the meanings against each other : (AU January 2012)

1. Thermodynamics: the study of energy, its forms and conversion.

2. Bio technology: the use of biological processes for industrial and other purposes.

3. Multi media: involving different methods of communication or forms of expression

4. Under developed: not having achieved a high level of economic development

XI). Form compound words and fill in the blanks: (Jan 2016)

Help words: Exhaust, control, lab, room, circuit, digital, pipe, coat, proof, camera.

i. My uncle gifted me a digital camera for my birthday.

j. .The hot gas escaped through theExhaust pipe on the roof.

k. A new circuit lab is installed in our college.

l. The scientists monitored the path of the satellite from the new control room.

XII) Give the antonyms for the following words: (Jan 2016)

1. Familiar - unfamiliar

2. Significant - insignificant

3. Efficiency - inefficiency

4. Approve - disapprove

XIII) .Edit the following (AU January 2011)

The atmosphere make life possible on planet earth because of their three very important

functions: it contains life giving oxygen; it keeps earth warm; and it absorbs the deadly

ultraviolet rays of the suns radiation.

ANS: The atmosphere makes life possible on planet earth because of its three very important

functions. It contains life giving oxygen; it keeps the earth warm and it absorbs the deadly

ultraviolet rays of the sun‘s radiation.

XIV) .Correct the spelling and grammatical errors in the following passage and rewrite

them. (AU June 2012)

Mother Teresa beginning life in more pleasant surroundings. She was born in Yugoslavia in

1910.At the age of twelve she decided to be a missionary, than at eighteen, to be a none.

ANS: Mother Teresa began her life in pleasant surroundings. She was born in Yugoslavia in

1910. At the age of twelve, she decided to be a missionary. Then at eighteen, she decided to be

a nun

XV) . Fill in the blanks with comparative adjectives:

a. A fan is cheaper (cheap) an air conditioner (AU Jan 2011)

b. Nanotechnology is more popular (popular) any other subject today. (AU Jan.2011)

c. Nothing is more difficult (difficult) than concentrating on a subject we don‘t like. (AU Jan11)

d. Laptops are more convenient (convenient) desktop computers. (AU Jan 2011)

a. Platinum is more expensive (expensive) gold. (AU June.2012)

b. Trains travel faster (fast) buses. (AU June.2012)

a. A day on Mars is slightly longer (long) than a day on Earth (AU JAN 2013)

b. Hotels in London are more expensive (expensive) than those in Vienna. (AU JAN 2013)

c. Venezuela is closer (close) to the equator than Bolivia. (AU JAN 2013)

d. A wise enemy is better (good) than a foolish friend. (AU JAN 2013)

XVI ) Define the following in a single sentence each:

1. Stapler -A stapler is a device for fastening together sheets of paper with a staple or staple

(AU January 2011)

2. Wristwatch - A wristwatch is a watch worn on a strap round the wrist. (AU January 2011)

3. Calculator – A Calculator is a small electronic device with a keyboard and a visual display.

used for making mathematical calculations (AU January 2011)

4.Scooter - A Scooter is a light two-wheeled open motor vehicle on which the driver sits over an

enclosed engine with their legs together and their feet resting on a floorboard. (AU June.2012)

5.Robot - A Robot is a machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions

automatically, especially one programmable by a computer. (AU June.2012)

6.Water heater - AWater heater is a device for heating domestic water. (AU June.2012)

XVII) .Define the following in a single sentence: (2) (AU January.2012)/Jan 2016

1. Transformer- A transformer is an apparatus for reducing or increasing the voltage of an

alternating current.

2. Thermometer – A Thermometer is an instrument for measuring and indicating temperature,

typically one consisting of a narrow, hermetically sealed glass tube marked with graduations and

having at one end a bulb containing mercury or alcohol which extends along the tube as it

expands.

3. Scientist- A scientist is a person who is studying or has expert knowledge of one or more of

the natural or physical sciences.

4. Wrench - A wrench is a feeling of sadness or distress caused by one's own or another's

departure.

5. Rheostat – Rheostat is an electrical instrument used to control a current by varying the

resistance.

6. Chip - A chip is a small piece of something removed in the course of chopping, cutting, or

breaking a hard material such as wood or stone.

7. Coolant - A coolant is a liquid or gas that is used to remove heat from something.

8. Clock – A clock is a mechanical or electrical device for measuring time, indicating hours,

minutes, and sometimes seconds by hands on a round dial or by displayed figures.

XIX) Subject -Verb Agreement (1/2 mark each)

1. Churchill, statesman and writer, is(is/are) no more.

2. Ram, along with his parents is (is/are) going to Singapore.

3. One of my friends is (is/are) going abroad today.

4. Each of the boys has (has/have) managed to get a prize.

5. None of the candidates has (has/have) filed their nomination.

XX) . Choose the correct verb form that agrees with the subject: (Jan 2016). i. The driver along with the conductor were (was/were) arrested for the accident.

j. Working for late hours in the night is (is/are) not good for health.

k. Neither the teacher nor the students are (are/is) interested in the project.

l. Iv. Engineering mechanics is (is/are) an interesting subject.

XXI).Expand the following compound nouns.(AU June 2011)/JUNE 2012/JAN 2013/JUNE

2013

1. Lock nut - nut used to lock

2. Steel bar – bar which is made of steel

3. Concrete structure - structure made of concrete

4. Key board- board with keys

5. Technology policy - policy for technology

6. Health center - center for health

7. Road transport - transport on road

8. Electricity bill – bill for electricity

9. Computer science - science related to computer

10. .Stage performance – performance on stage

11. .World bank – banks for/of the world

12. .Satellite launch – launch of a satellite

13. .Animal behavior – behavior of an animal

14. .Information technology – technology for processing information

15. .Food source - source of food

16. .Work culture – culture of executing work

17. .Steam chest – chest containing steam

18. Stop valve –valve that stops the flow

19. Workshop machinery- machinery in a workshop

20. Diesel engine – engine that runs on petrol

21. Friction losses- losses due to friction

22. Power cable- cable for carrying/transmitting power

23. Butt weld - weld that type called butt

PART B.

INSTRUCTIONS

I) You have bought a new mobile phone. What are the INSTRUCTIONS that will be

given in the user manual? Write any eight of the instructions: (Jan 2016)

ANS: (Use imperative sentences)

1. Examine the phone by reading the user manual

2. Keep the mobile device and its accessories away from small children

3. Avoid continuous use of mobile phones for long hours as it may cause physical

discomfort.

4. Keep the mobile device and its antenna atleast 2.5 centimeters (1 inch ) from the body.

5. Avoid answering the phone or using it at all while engaged in actual driving

6. Obey all posted signs when using mobile device in public areas such as halth care

facilities or blasting areas.

7. Take it to an authorized service centre , if the mobile device or battery has been

submerged in water, punctured or subjected to a severe fall.

8. Do not dispose of your battery or mobile device in a fire

II) Write a set of eight INSTRUCTIONS of the following(Jun 2010)

“Giving first Aid to a victim of a road accident”.

ANS:

1. Survey the scene and the victim. Remove the victim to the side of the road,if possible to a

sheltered place.

2. Try to stop the bleeding by pressure on the bleeding side.

3. Give artificial respiration if the victim is struggling for breathe.

4. Handle the victim carefully , in case of fractures or minor dislocations to prevent

compound fracture or other complications .

5. Handle the victims with neck or spinal injuries very carefully.

6. Do not crowd round the victim and prevent air flow.

7. Open the victim‘s mouth to ensure that the tongue has not fallen back, or blood clot or

vomit is choking the air passage.

8. Send a SOS call for ambulance / police etc., or transfer the victim to a nearby hospital.

9. Reassure the victim by being cheerful with them and offering spititual support.

III) Write a set of eight INSTRUCTIONS of the following(Jun 2010) (Dec 2009)

“To maintain two-wheelers and four-wheelers in good working condition”.

ANS:

1. Keep the two or four wheeler clean and sparking bright.

2. Take care to lubricate parts like the clutch, gear, brake. Etc, at regular intervals.

3. Check the tyres and wind shields of the vehicles which are constantly exposed to road ,

grease, bad roads,etc.

4. Service the vehicles after every 500 kms by changing engine oil,replaceing oil

filter,inspecting air cleaner, checking electrical equipment , switches, etc .

5. Before starting the vehicle, briefly walk around to visually check the tyre pressure

condituion, check for oil or coolant leak ,wiper,rear view mirror condition, etc.

6. Maintain fuel efficiency of the car by following certain traffic regulations like not idling

at traffic signals, maintaining tyre pressure , driving at steady speed of 45 to 55

km/hr.etc.,

7. Use quality petrol/diesel from authorized outlets.

8. Adhere to safety rules by wearing the helmet / seat belt so that during a crash , the force

of rapid decelaration will spread evenly on the body and prevent much to the body.

IV) Write a set of eight INSTRUCTIONS to be followed by pedestrians when they walk on

busy roads. (Dec 2010)

ANS:

1. Walk on the pavement or keep extreme left.

2. Use subways, though long because they are safe.

3. Avoid crossing the road suddenly.

4. Do not walk on the road dividers/medians.

5. Follow the rules and regulations of traffic signals and road safety.

6. Cross the road only at the zebra crossing .

7. Look on either side before crossing the road.

8. Avoid using cell phone while walking on the road.

V) Write a set of INSTRUCTIONS to keep the water resources pollution frees.

(AU June 2011)

ANS:

1. Use renewable sources of energy.

2. Keep the vehicles in good condition to prevent spewing out toxic gases.

3. Treat sewage and industrial effluents before discharging into the water bodies.

4. Use natural fertilizers and pesticides for agriculture.

5. Employ methods for proper recycling of non-biodegradable waste such as plastics.

6. Segregate waste at source itself.

7. Do not cut trees.

8. Impose strict punishment on poachers and illicit users of forest wealth.

9. Create awareness among the public on the needs and methods for environmental conservation.

VI) Write a set of eight INSTRUCTIONS that are to be followed in a computer

laboratory.(AU June 2012)

ANS:

1. Wash the pipette well before use.

2. Rinse the pipette twice before filling it up with the solution to be measured.

3. Use fore finger and not the thumb for closing its upper end.

4. Do not suck solution of poisonous substances with mouth. Instead use a pipette filter or

burette.

5. Do not blow off the last drop remaining in the pipette.

6. Do not hold the pipette from the bulb as the body temperature may expand the glass and

introduce a volume error.

7. Keep the pipette vertical.

8. Do not measure out hot solutions with a pipette.

VII) Write a set of eight INSTRUCTIONS for students to make optimal use of the library

facilities in the college.

ANS:

1. Apply for library token/card for borrowing books.

2. Keep the books safe.

3. Don‘t scribble in the book.

4. Don‘t tear any pages from the book.

5. Read the newspaper in the newspaper section.

6. Refer to the reference books in the reference section.

7. Refer to the journals for the latest technological information.

8. Take photocopies of the required material.

9. Contact the librarian for help.

10. Maintain absolute silence in the library.

RECOMMENDATIONS

I) Eight recommendations to save power:

1. Power saving electrical and electronic items should be used.

2. TV, video, play station and other entertainment devices should be turned off after they are

used.

3. Bulbs should be replaced with energy saving lights.

4.Food stored in the fridge should be covered properly so that the compressor need not work

harder.

5.Air conditioner with automatic temperature cut-off should be used.

6. Distractive gadgets should not be used.

7. Switches should be checked often.

8. Awareness should be created among the people on energy crisis.

II) Recommendations to keep Chennai city clean and green: 16 mark question.

1.Trees should be planted on either sides of the road.

2.Those who cut trees should be punished.

3.Renewable sources of energy should be used.

4.The vehicles should be checked for emission.

5.Waste segregation should be done perfectly.

6.More number of dustbins must be placed in all public places.

7. Awarenessprogrammes on cleanliness must be conducted in every area.

8. Punishment should be given to the people who violate the rules.

III) Recommendations to maintain your two wheeler in good condition. 1. Two wheeler should be serviced regularly.

2. Emission of the vehicles should be checked regularly.

3. Quality petrol should be used.

4. Good Engine oil should be used.

5. Vehicles should be given for water washing.

6. Brake, Clutch, wheels, and air in tyres should be checked.

7. Kick start should be used for the first ride of the day.

8. Lights should not be turned on before starting the vehicle.

IV) Write 8 recommendations to your fellow mates not to indulge in ragging.

1. There should be warnings on the notice board that ragging is punishable.

2. Teasers should be taken to the higher authorities.

3. Raggers should be punished severely.

4. Awareness should be conducted to show the negative effects of ragging.

5. Police should be informed of the serious raggers.

6. Movies can be played to stop ragging.

7. Legal actions should be explained to the students.

8. People in charge of discipline should monitor every floor or every block.

V) Recommendations for improving health services in Govt. hospitals:

1. More number of efficient doctors should be appointed in govt. hospitals

2. Machines have to be updated.

3. Latest machines can be imported.

4. Infrastructure should be improved every year.

5. Cleanliness can be improved.

6. Medicinal trees can be planted in and around the hospital.

7. Nutritious food has to be given to the patients.

8. Medicines have to be checked for expiry date before distribution.

VI) Recommendations to keep Chennai city clean and green: 16 mark question.

1. Trees should be planted on either sides of the road.

2. Those that cut trees should be punished.

3. Renewable sources of energy should be used.

4. The vehicles should be checked for emission.

5. Waste segregation should be done perfectly.

6. More number of dustbins must be placed in all public places.

7. Awarenessprogrammes on cleanliness must be conducted in every area.

8. Punishment should be given to the people who violate the rules.

Dialogue Writing:Write a dialogue of ten exchanges of a interviewer and the candidate :

Interviewer : Good morning, Mr. John, how did you come to know about this vacancy?

Candidate : I came to know about the vacancy through an advertisement in ―The

Economics Times‖

Interviewer : Can you briefly tell how you will fit in for the post we have called for ? .

Candidate : I fulfill the job requirements on the basis of my qualifications and work

experience

Interviewer : How do you think this qualification and experience will be used ? .

Candidate : I want to be in a position where I will be able to apply my knowledge and skills

in business.

Interviwer : Can you brief us about your strength?

Candidate : My positive attitude and the ability to work under pressure are my strengths.

Interviewer : How do you think you don‘t have any weakness? If you have any, please tell

about that.

Candidate : I would say my greatest weakness is my lack of proper planning in the past .

I am aware of it and have taken corrective measures.

Interviewer : You need to travel a lot. Are you willing to travel?

Candidate : Yes, am willing to travel.

Interviewer : How do you assess yourself and your role in a team?

Candidate : I believe that I am both a team leader and a member.

Interviewer : How do you hope that you would get the job?

Candidate : Because I sincerely believe that am the best person for the job. I don‘t

merely have the ability; I have a passion for work as well.

UNIT III

Listening –Listening to specific task – focused audio tracks; Speaking-role play – simulation –

Group interaction –

Speaking in formal situations (teachers, officials, foreigners:;

Reading – Reading and interpreting visual material;

Writing – Jumbled sentences – Coherence and cohesion in writing – Channel conversion

(flowchart into process) – Types of paragraph (cause and effect/compare and

contrast/narrative/analytical) –Informal writing (letter/email/blogs) Paraphrasing;

Grammar – Tenses – Use of sequence words-Adjectives; vocabulary – different forms and uses

of words, Cause and effect words;

E-materials –Interactive exercises for Grammar and Vocabulary –Excerpts from films related to

the theme and follow up exercises – Pictures of flow charts and tables for interpretations.

PART A

1. Rewrite the following paragraph changing the tense of the underlined verbs from

the past tense to the future: (AU JAN 2014)

Vincywas going to Rio, for the Olympics. She was competing in the marathon which

was just over 26 miles long. She did her best to achieve her goal of winning the gold

medal.

Ans: Vincywill be going to Rio, for the Olympics. She will be competing in the

marathon which will be just over 20 miles long. She will do her best to achieve her goal

of winning the gold medal.

2. Fill in the blanks with the suitable tense forms of the given verbs in the bracket:

(AU APR 2015) A decade ago, people -------- (complain) about computerization. Today, we ----- (know)

that without the use of computers no system -------- (function) and more people --------

(start) learning computer programmes.

Ans:

A decade ago, people complained (complain) about computerization. Today, we know

(know) that without the use of computers no system can function (function) and more

people have started (start) learning computer programmes.

3. The following sentences give step by step instructions to send an email attachment

but they are not in order. With the help of the sequencing words rearrange them in

the correct order: (AU JAN 2014)

(a) You look should then for an icon in your email toolbar which looks like a paper clip

and click on it.

(b) A ―Browse‖ window will open on clicking on this icon. Now you can locate and

select the file you would like to attach and click on it. The file will then be attached

to the email.

(c) Finally you can click on ―send‖ to send the email.

(d) First you should create a new email message and enter the details of the recipient‘s

address, subject and the message you would like to send.

Ans: 1. Sentence (d): First you should create a new email message and enter the

details of the recipient‘s address, subject and the message you would like to send.

2. Sentence (a): You look should then for an icon in your email toolbar which

looks like a paper clip and click on it.

3. Sentence (b): A ―Browse‖ window will open on clicking on this icon. Now

you can locate and select the file you would like to attach and click on it. The file will

then be attached to the email.

4. Sentence (c): Finally you can click on ―send‖ to send the email

4.. Comparative adjectives:

Use ‗er or ‗more‘ with the adjectives given in the brackets.

‗More‘ and ‗er‘ should not be used with the same word. Eg.More cleverer is wrong.

‗er‘ can be used for short words. ‗more‘ can be used for long words.

1. Diamond is costlier (costly) than gold.

2. Bangalore is cooler (cool) than Chennai.

3. A car has a higher(high) petrol consumption than a scooter

4. Diesel costs lesser (less/lesser) than petrol.

5. Laptop is more compact (compact) than PC

6. His house is bigger (big) than mine.

5.Vocabulary: Match the following:

Porridge: abundant, rich (2)

Affluent: contents of an illustrated book than pictures (4)

Nucleus: soft food (1)

Letter press: central part of an atom (3)

6.USE THE SAME WORD AS A NOUN AND AS A VERB

1. The teacher controls the class (Verb)

The teacher has a good control (noun)

2.There are many subjects (noun)

The police subjected the thief to a harsh treatment.(verb)

3. There is decrease in the rate. (noun)

The rate is decreased (verb)

4. There is a message for me from my friend (noun)

My friend has messaged me. (verb)

7.Complete the given cause effect statements from the information given:

(AU JAN 2014)

Swamy was in his backyard climbing a tree. He climbed to the middle part of the tree and

accidentally hit a beehive. Before he knew what had happened, bees were swarming all

around and over him. Swamy let out a scream.

(a) The bees stung Swamy since ---------------------

(b) Swamy screamed because ---------------------

Ans: (a) The bees stung Swamy since he hit a beehive

(b)Swamy screamed because the bees were swarming all around and overhim.

PART B

I.Rewrite the following jumbled sentences:

(i) If the latter are reluctant, start with the former.

(ii) Mix the quick ones with the slow ones.

(iii) Call for reports after a few minutes of discussion

(iv) The quick learners, spread over the class, can guide this discussion

(v) Then gradually move to the latter, drawing them out of their shells.

(vi) The discussion can be in pairs or in groups.

(vii) The discussion provides a meaningful context to use English to communicate

orally.

(viii) Please encourage discussion among your learners especially the weak ones.

Ans:(vii)The discussion provides a meaningful context to use English to communicate orally.

(vi) The discussion can be in pairs or in groups

(ii) Mix the quick ones with the slow ones.

(i) If the latter are reluctant, start with the former.

(v)Then gradually move to the latter, drawing them out of their shells.

(iv)The quick learners, spread over the class, can guide this discussion

(iii)Call for reports after a few minutes of discussion

(viii)Please encourage discussion among your learners especially the weak ones.

II. The table given below shows the trend of motor vehicles in Chennai city. Write a

paragraph interpreting the details found in the table: (AU JAN 2014)

Year Total registered vehicles

1981 1,20,000

1986 2,28,000

1991 5,44,000

1996 8,12,0000

1998 9,75,000

2012 3,760,000

Ans: The past two decades have seen a spurt in vehicle population worldwide. The

given tabular column presents details about the growth in motor vehicles in Chennai city.

The study has been done from 1981 for every five years in the beginning. Then to show

the rapid increase in the rise in 2 and 4 years have been given. In the year 1981, the

registered vehicles in Chennai were estimated to be two-fold taking the number of

registered vehicles to two lakh twenty eight thousand. The next five years has showed an

upward trend with the number at five lakh forty four thousand in 1991. In 1996, the city

witnessed an increase with eight lakh twelve thousand vehicles. But, in 1998, just in two

years, the increase has been observed with nine lakh seventy thousand motor vehicles.

Till that time, the increase has been noted to be in thousands and ten thousands. When

the statistics was noted in 2012, four years after the previous study, it has been found that

the increase has been manifold with thirty seven lakh sixty thousand vehicles. This trend

of increase in motor vehicles can be attributed to the robust economic condition and the

easy availability of loans from banks.

III. Convert the following flow chart into a running passage of 200 words:

The stages in making cement

Raw materials

> crushed –sized-dried

> Mixed in correct proportions >

&

> Crushed-sized-dried

Added > All things > Mixed >

Powdered > stored > Cement

Ans: The flow chart depicts the sequential progression of a process or action. This flow

chart gives us the process of making cement. First, limestone is taken, crushed, sized and

is dried. Similarly, clay is crushed, sized and dried. Both these raw materials are mixed

in correct proportion. Then the mixture is fired in a furnace. The fired mixture is taken

out and clinker and gypsum are mixed thoroughly. This mixture is finally powdered in a

machine. This is cement. It is stored in bags where water cannot penetrate. The cement

bags are transported in vehicles where it is used for various purposes.

The cement, thus produced, is mixed with sand and gravel to make concrete which

makes buildings bridges, etc. strong and long lasting.

IV: ESSAY WRITING

Lime stone

Clay

Clinker & Gypsum

ELECTRONIC WASTE

Electronic waste is the discarded electrical and electronic devices. It is also called e-

waste, e-scrap or WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic equipment). It can be reused, resold

and recycled. Improper processing of electronic waste may cause health hazards. Developing

countries face many problems like health and environmental hazards due to electronic waste.

The cause is the production of many electrical and electronic items. The sales of these items

keep on increasing particularly in India and China. The world produces 40 million tonnes of

waste from e-devices. The waste electronic scrap may contain toxic chemicals such as lead,

cadmium, mercury, chromium, mercury, chromium and polybrominated biphenyls. They may

damage the brain and nervous system if they are properly handled. They may affect kidneys,

liver and cause birth defects. E-waste includes discarded computers, mobiles, printers, pagers,

cameras, music players, refrigerators, toys, televisions and other items. China produces an

estimated 2.3 million tones of e-waste annually. It has banned e-waste imports. It has become

a dumping ground for e-waste from developing countries. Even South Africa is becoming a

dumping ground of e-waste. India, Mexico and Brazil may face environmental damage and

health problems. The service minded non-governmental organizations spread awareness on e-

waste. People are treating the information-age materials with stone-age technology.

“Waste Not, Want Not” should be the people‟s motto. It is the need of the hour to reduce e-

usage and e-waste. National and International policies should be framed to reduce e-waste.

―Cash from Trash‖ is becoming a trend. ―Wealth from waste‖ should be the motto of the

government and the people. E-waste management centres should be established. The

government and the people should work hand in hand to solve this problem.

GLOBAL WARMING

One of the biggest problems facing the world today is global warming. Many scientists believe

that our production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is having a heating effect on

the atmosphere, and this could be very dangerous for human life. This essay will examine the

problem of global warming and suggest some ways of solving the problem. Many problems

could result from global warming. One of the biggest problems is rising sea level. This could

result in the flooding of low lying coastal areas and cities, such as Egypt, the Netherlands, and

Bangladesh. Some countries might even disappear completely! Another problem caused by

global warming is changes in weather patterns. Many areas of the world are experiencing

increased hurricanes, floods, and other unusual weather. A third problem associated with global

warming is the effect on animals. Fish populations could be affected, while some insects which

spread disease might become more common. There are several things we can do to solve the

problem of global warming. One solution is to stop producing C02. We can do this by switching

from oil, coal and gas to renewable energy. Another solution is to plant more trees. Trees absorb

carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, which is not a greenhouse gas. A third solution is to use less

energy and to recycle more products. Generating electricity is one of the main sources of carbon

dioxide. If we use less electricity, we will produce less C02. In conclusion, if we make small

changes now in the way we live, we can avoid huge changes in the future. Scientists,

governments and individuals must work together to overcome this threat.

BRAIN DRAIN:Brain Drain is the emigration of the talented individuals from their motherland.

Normally developed nations attract the talented people of the developing nations. The

individuals become educated, qualified and skilled in their motherland but they offer their human

resources and services to some other countries like USA., or UK.. The reverse action is ―Brain

gain‖ . Brain gain refers to large scale immigration of technical man power from foreign

countries. People leave their motherland for many reasons. One -for the heavy salary package

and other for having the better exposure related to technology. Some leave their land to have

better working atmosphere. NASA, Microsoft, Google, Apple and many leading companies

have Indian employees.

Letter writing: INFORMAL LETTER

Sentences that can be used in letter writing if needed:

1. Hope By God‘s grace all of you there are doing well.

2. How do you do? Convey my regards to your parents and siblings.

3. How do all your family members do?

4. Ask your parents to take care of their health.

5. Study well and multiply the joys of your parents. I am trying to do the same.

6. God willing, I will come and visit you during my holidays.

7. Here all are fine. Hope the same from you.

8. Congrats on your recent achievement.

9. Best wishes for your birthday.

10. Rest is fine. Rest in next. Rest in person. Keep in touch through email or phone.

Letter writing: Informal letter:

Sentences that can be used in letter writing if needed:

1. Your regular correspondence energizes me.

2. I am very sorry to hear the shocking news.

3. My happiness knows no limits to hear the news that you-----

4. My results have come and I am very happy to inform you

5. Exams are going on and I have tough time.

6. Sorry for the belated reply.

7. Your advices are always respected by me and feel free to write.

8. Don‘t lose your hope and enthusiasm.

9. Be confident. Even if everything fails, future remains and we will get back everything

lost.

10. May God Bless You to have a wonderful life.

LETTER WRITING:

You were chosen to represent your college in a national sports event in Delhi. Write

a letter to your friend about your experience of travelling to Delhi with your team,

your stay there, your participation and performance in the sports event, etc.(AU

JAN2014) Kasthuribai Nagar

Adyar

Chennai

21/01/2014

My dear Shanthi,

Hope this letter finds you in good cheer. I returned from my trip to Delhi day before

yesterday. I think you know that I was selected to represent our State to participate in the

Asian Olympics that started on 27th

December and is scheduled to wind up on 27th

January. We were a 12-member team with 3 coaches who have been training us in the

Athletic events. I was trained to participate in 100m, 200m, and 800m relay.

We started our journey from Chennai on 23rd

December. Tickets had been reserved in

the Tamilnadu Express train. We boarded the train at 9.30 p.m. and the train departed at

10.10 p.m. Due to tiredness, after the TTE checked the tickets, we all went to sleep. The

whole of the next day, we as a team had an exhilarating time singing, dancing, playing

cards, chatting, sleeping, etc. It was a day of relaxation also. On 25th

December at

around 8 a.m. after a delay of 2 hours due to fog, we alighted at Nizamudeen Station. A

bus was waiting for us. When we came out of the station, the cold breeze hit our face and

inspite of the woolen clothes we were wearing, we felt the chillness penetrating to our

bones and made us shiver. Rooms had been earmarked for our team at the YMCA Hostel

and we enjoyed the comfort of the room. North Indian dishes and rice were the food

served.

The next day, we went to the Jawaharlal Stadium which is a multipurpose sports arena

constructed in 1982 to host the 9th

Asian Games. It was renovated in 2010 for the

Common Wealth Games. In terms of seating capacity, it is the fourth largest

multipurpose stadium in India and the 51st largest in the world. The stadium houses the

headquarters of the Indian Olympic Association. After understanding the facilities

available, we began to rehearse.

From 28th

December, events started with the prelims, followed by the semifinals that

led to the finals. I was able to clear the 100m and 200m in the prelims and semifinals.

But, in the finals, I was III in the 100m and brought a Bronze and was II in 200m with

Silver. In the 800m relay, we were able to strike the gold medal. As a team, we were

able to bring 5 bronze, 3 Silver, and 2 gold medals in various athletic events.

The trip has taught me to adjust with personalities of different characters, live in a

different climatic condition, consume a different cuisine and on the whole live

independently not depending on parents and siblings for everything. I am grateful to my

parents, teachers and coaches who enabled me to participate in the event. Hope you

enjoyed my vivid travelogue.

Convey my regards and love to Aunty, Uncle and Sasi.

With love,

Jessica Nora

E-Mail communication:

Send an E-Mail to your friend congratulating him on his success. Include to, From, subject, Cc.,

Bcc., attached and content.

UNIT IV

Listening – Watching videos/documentaries and responding to questions based on them;

Speaking – Responding to questions – different forms of interviews – speaking at different types

of interviews;

Reading – Making inference from the reading passage-Predicting the content of a reading

passage;

Writing – Interpreting visual materials (line graphs, pie charts etc.) – Essay writing – different

types of essays;

Grammar – Adverbs, Tenses-future time reference; vocabulary – single word substitutes- Use

of abbreviations and acronyms;

E-materials – Interactive exercise for Grammar and Vocabulary – Sample Interviews – film

scenes – dialogue writing

PART A

1.Grammar: Adverbs: Fill in the blank with suitable adverbs:

1. Rama runs---------. (quickly)

2. This is a --------sweet mango. (very)

3. Govind reads ----------. (clearly)

4. I have told you --------. (twice)

From: xitalumnus@yahoo.com

To : xecalumnus@gmail.com

Subject: Congratulations

cc: pranesh@hotmail.com

Dear Ritesh,

I am delighted to hear from you that you have successfully completed the project and

it has been accepted by your higher officials as well as subordinates. It is a great thing

that you have pleased them both. May God shower His blessings for many more

successes like this. You were the Team leader of the project, you took the maximum

efforts and proved that example is better than precept. Your team members found an

excellent role model in you. You can motivate anybody to work with heart and soul.

Thank you for calling me for the dinner at Le Meridian Hotel. Rest in person. Great

you are! Take care.

Yours

Hitesh.

2.Write five adverbs and use them in five sentences of your own. 5. He drank quickly.

6. I have the most beautiful dog

7. He collapsed and died yesterday.

8. Last week, we were stuck in the lift for an hour.

9. We can stop herefor lunch.

3.Fill in the blanks using future tense:

a. If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to

inexpensive health insurance.

b. Will you help him later?

4.Vocabulary:Fill in the blanks: (AU June 2013)

Flaw------: immaculate flawless

Micro-------: Integrated computer circuit microchip

--------tension: abnormal blood pressure hypertension

----------national: above national limits.Multinational/transnational

5.One word Substitutes: Choose the best word from the four options that can be used for

the meaning given: (Jan 2016)

1. One has the ability to think and plan:

i.philosopher, ii.fortune teller, iii.visionary, iv. prophet.

2. The speech sounds of a language are called as

i. Alphabet, ii. Phonology, iii.sound cord, iv. Phoneme

3. Murder of a whole race or group of people.

i.massacre, ii.fumigate, iii.fungicide, iv. genocide

4. The origin of something: i.start, ii.open, iii.genesis, iv.genius.

6.Write single word substitutes for the following:

1. The life story of a man Autobiography

2. A great lover of books Bibliophile

3. A contagious disease that spreads over a large area Epidemic

4. A game in which neither party wins Draw

5. A method that cannot be imitated Inimitable

7.Expand the following abbreviations and acronyms:

1. Cd - candela

2. Cm - Centimeter

3. RADAR - Radio Detection and Ranging

4. ROM - Read only Memory

5. Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity

6. GPS - Global Positioning System

7. SIM - Subscriber Information Module

8. BSNL - Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

9. NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration

10. MODEM - modulator-demodulator

8.ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AICTE – All India Council for Technical Education

am – ante meridiem

ATM - Automated Teller Machine

AVADI-Armed Vehicles and Ammunition Depot of India HVF-Heavy Vehicles Factory

BHEL - Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

BITS - Birla Institute of Technology and Science

BMW _ Bavarian Motor Works

BSE - Bharat Stock Exchange

PTI - Press Trust of India

BSF - Border Security Force

CBI - Central Bureau of Investigation

CBSE - Central Board of Secondary Education

CMBT – Central Mofussil Bus Terminus

COPRA – Consumer Protection Act

DCB – Development Credit Bank

e.g. – exempli gratia

E_Mail - Electronic Mailing

EMI - Equated Monthly Installments

etc – et cetera

FCI - Food Corporation of India

GMAT - Graduate Management Admission Test

HDFC - Housing Development and Finance Corporation

WIPRO -Western India Products

INFOSYS - Information System

HSE - Higher Secondary Examination

i.e. – idest

IBM _ International Business Machine

ICICI - Industrial Credit Investment Corporation of India

IELTS - International English Language Testing System.

TOEFL – Test of English as a Foreign Language

BEC - Business English Certificate

CAT - Common Admission Test , ESOL- English for speakers of other languages.

GRE - Graduate Record Examination

ISBN – International Standard Book Number

ISD - International Subscribers Trunk Dialling

ISKCON - International Society for Krishna Consciousness

ISO _ International Standardization for organization

ISSN - International Standard Serial Number

JRF _Junior Research Fellowship

LASER –Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

RADAR - Radio Detecting and Ranging

RAW - Research and Analysis Wing

VIRUS _ Vital Information Resources Under Siege

NABARD - National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NDA – National Defence Academy

NOC - No Objection Certificate

NRI –Non Resident Indian

OB - On Business

OD - On Duty

ok. – all correct

ONGC - Oil and Natural Gas Commission

PAN - Permanent Account Number

PCO _ Public Call Office

Ph.D - Doctor of Philosophy

PIN - Personal Identification Number

PIO – Persons of Indian Origin

pm - post meridiem

RRB - Railway Recruitment Board

SSC - Staff Selection Commission

SSLC - Secondary School Leaving Certificate

CID - Crime Investigation Department

STD – Subscribers Trunk Dialling

TNPSC – Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission

UPSC - Union Public Service Commission

UGC – University Grants Commission

PART – B

(VISUAL INSTERPRETATION)

PIE CHART

The pie charts below show the average household expenditures in a country in 1950 and

2010. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make

comparisons where relevant.

The provided two pie charts show the expenses made in housing, food, health care, education,

transportation and other items in a country in 1950 and 2010. As is observed from the pie charts,

in 1950 almost two-third expenditure was in housing whereas this average expenditure has been

increased for food, transportation etc. in 2010.

According to the given data, more than 70% expenditure was in housing in 1950. The second

most expenditure in this country was in food. All other expenditures including health care,

education, transportation etc. were less than 20% in total. After 60 years the trends of

expenditure in this country significantly changed. People‘s expenditure in housing decreased to

only 22% while the expenditure for food increased to 34%. Interestingly the expenditure on

education decreased over time while the expenses for transportation increased to 14%. All other

expenditure in 1950 was only 4.4% which increased to 19.2% in 2010 which indicates the new

addition on category where people started expensing than they did in 1950.

In summary, the expenditure nature of people had changed significantly in 2010 than that had

been in 1950.

BAR CHART

Draw a bar chart on the different factors while choosing a job and write a paragraph.

Refer to the graph below and write a paragraph about female unemployment rates in each

country of the United Kingdom in 2013 and 2014.

The bar chart shows the unemployment rates among women in the countries that make up the

United Kingdom, both in 2013 and in 2014. There has generally been a small decrease in female

unemployment rates from 2013 to 2014, except in Scotland.

In 2013, 5.6% of women in Northern Ireland were unemployed. The only country with a smaller

percentage of women unemployed was Wales, with a rate of 5.4%. Both countries saw a

decrease in the percentage of unemployed women in 2014. In Northern Ireland, the percentage

fell to 4.6% and in Wales it fell to 5%.

England had the greatest percentage of unemployed women in 2013, with 6.8%. However, this

decreased by 0.3% in 2014. Lastly, Scotland was the only country which had an increasing

percentage of unemployed women. In 2013, it had 6.1% of women out of work. This increased to

6.7% in 2014, making it the country with the highest female unemployment rate of the four

countries.

Essay Writing:

Comment on the importance of communication skill in the foot changing competitive world

we live in.

Every day, we come across different people and share feelings, views, ideas and emotions. Have

you ever emphasized that how we do that? The answer is by means of Communication.

―Communication‖ is the process of transferring or spreading information. It is one of the most

common human activities that everyone recognizes but only few can define. Communication can

be Verbal or Non Verbal but it is sure that communication is very important to share views

which further results in relationships. Good Communication skills are always required to have

faith in relationships they can be relationships between the Head of the Organization and the

employees that leads organization towards progress. The importance of communication skills in

organizations is very high as without communication no real or effective work could ever be

carried out.―Communication is defined as an exchange of messages between two or group of

people.‖ (HARVEY,2002,p.3)

Man is a social animal and it is not possible for him to live alone he needs to interact with others

and work with them. Organization is a place where lots of people work together for a common

goal. Good communication skills are very necessary for the development of an Organization.

Communication plays vital role in organizations as good communication skills promote business

and allow individuals within the organization to feel free and comfortable with each other which

further creates free environment that enhances the potential of employees and acts as motivating

force for them to work more effectively because whenever someone is happy or free from stress

his output automatically increases. So, the importance of good communicating skills in

organizations cannot be over emphasized. Communication is referred as the ―lifeblood‖ of

organizations. It plays the similar role of blood vessels as in our body which helps in proper

functioning of body and if blood does not reaches any part of body it stops working similarly

communication plays same role in Organizations if there is no effective communication in

Organization they would fail to progress just like the body part without reaching blood .

The image of Organization depends upon how it communicates with society around it. Good

communication places organization on correct slot in society and enforces towards progress.

Therefore, the success of a company directly depends upon the level of communication with

people maintained by it. In this world of globalization organizations not only need to

communicate across the country but also overseas to expand business.

In today‘s world of high competition without Effective skills of communication, organizations

always face the risk of getting fossilized. Effective inter-personal relationships are very

important in an organization and are only possible if effective communication skills are

cultivated in an organization. So, to do this today, companies organize communication courses

for their employees for improving their communication skills to enhance and expand their

business.

Communication is of different types it can be Non-Verbal which means communication without

words but through gestures, body language, facial expressions and eye contact. Such as when we

try to say something and make understand others without speaking or writing but just by

expressions and the Communication through the exchange of words is called verbal

communication.

In developed organizations, communication flows in different ways which are called Routes of

Communication. It flows up,

down and across the organization. Firstly talking about Vertical communication.

―The communication that flows from upper level in organization to lower level and from lower

level to upper level is called vertical communication. ‖ (EVANS,1990,p.28)

In an organization downward communication is carried out by manager for the following

purposes, for giving job instructions, providing feedback on employees performance, highlight

areas that need attention and communicating vision and missions of the company which proves

to be very effective way of transferring information in a company.

Now, talking about Lateral communication it is that communication that occurs at different

levels in an organization and generally is marked by the increased frankness and ease among

group members. The benefits of lateral communication are- it saves time, facilitates co-

ordination of task, co-operation among team members, provides social and emotional assistance

to team members and it can also be used to resolve problems or conflicts within the department.

―Lateral communication is most frequent and routine communication that occurs between people

who work at the same level.‖ (EVANS,1990,p.28)

And the other way of communication in organizations is Diagonal communication which is the

communication that takes place between a manager and employ of different workplace or area.

Diagonal communication mainly relies on reservoirs

Of co-operation and good-will.

The last route of communication is External Communication that takes place between managers

and other people such as suppliers, customers, banks and financial institutes. That is also a very

important part of communication and helps organizations to earn name and fame in external

environment.

Communication can be done through different media‘s such as written, oral, visual etc. In

organizations meetings plays a big role for effective communication usually meeting are

organized with the objective of discussing new ideas, feedback and to build a stronger

relationship between group members. Usual oral conservations between team members in an

organization help to solidify the base of company as it helps develop trust in each other as well

as when ideas move around other people in the company also get motivated. Communication can

be done with emails and fax etc. Which is also a good and fast way of getting ideas through

.Advertisements we see on television, internet or by any medium is also a part of

communication. Companies advertise their products so to get people‘s attention that is very

important for Organizations as it is very necessary that people know that what the organization is

and what they do because success of an company directly depends upon its customers.

The skill of active listening, clarification and reflection is helpful in effective communication.

But there are many barriers to communication and these may occur in any stage of

communication process, which leads to original message being distorted and hence enhances risk

of wastage of money and time, confusion and misunderstanding. The most common barriers to

effective communication are use of over-complicated or unfamiliar words, emotional barriers,

difference in viewpoints, lack of attention and interest, physical disabilities such as hearing

problem or speech difficulties, different languages and culture. It is very important for

organizations to deal with communication barriers effectively. Hindrance in the way of

communication can be removed by carefully listening to the speaker, asking questions, etc.

At last, it can be concluded that good communication is the backbone of organizations.

Communication helps develop trust among team members that further leads to good

relationships. Effective communication speeds-up progress and productivity of an organization.

So, organizations should encourage communication among its members this can be done by

organizing small parties and meetings that give people time to talk with each other and share

common interests and ideas that, ultimately helps in building faithful relationships among them

as extra activities are also helpful for business. So, it can be said that effective communication is

very important for organizations.

Describe the uses of iron in two paragraphs, each in about 100 words (AU Jan‟2009)

Iron is fourth most common element found in the Earth‘s crust. It forms an integral part

of both the Earth's outer and inner core. Iron is a chemical element which lies in the first

transition series.

Iron is the most critical mineral needed by the human body. The element red cell aids in

the transportation of oxygen between the cells. Iron also assists with the synthesis of different

enzymes responsible for various metabolic functions. Iron is a key constituent of hemoglobin in

the red blood cells. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lung cells to other organs. Besides,

Iron plays a pivotal role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), powerhouse in

human body. Deficiency of Iron in human body means less amount of oxygen in our body.

Eventually, our body becomes incapable to continue regular essential mechanisms. Deficiency of

iron is medically termed as anemia. It must be treated with regular iron supplements containing

iron gluconate compounds.

Commercially Iron is used

- Bosch Process, Iron catalysts are used for commercial production of ammonia.

Ironcatalysts are utilized to convert carbon monoxide to hydrocarbon (Fischer - Tropsch

Process). These hydrocarbons are used as fuels and lubricants.

Iron is the most commonly used for manufacturing components of automobiles, machineries,

tools, and building structures.

Iron, carbon, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, and nickel.

Stainless steel has the strength to withstand high pressure and temperature. There are 27 grades

of steel. Stainless steel is corrosion-resistant steel used extensively used to produce cutlery,

cookware, hardware, surgical appliances, nuclear reactors, boilers, industrial equipment,

automotive parts, aerospace components, jewelries, firearms, watch, storage tanks, tankers,

monuments and sculptures. Tungsten steel is used for making cutting and drilling tools used for

chopping metals.

Iron and niobium is extremely strong and is used in the constructing of nuclear

reactors.

Ironchloride (FeCl3) is used in the treatment of sewage systems. It is also used as colorant,

for textiles and paints, and animal feed additives.

Iron (II) sulfate supplements is used to cure anemia.

Failure of rainfall may not be the only triggers for acute distress in rural India. Write an

essay of about 300 words on monsoon failure and climate change

Recurring drought conditions in many parts of India are leading to starvation and distress

migration. Rural poor are the worst victims of crop failure, compounded by a slump in

construction activities and non-availability of work in the MGNREGA rural employment

scheme. However, drought cannot be blamed entirely on monsoon failure or on climate change; a

flawed agricultural policy is a bigger causative factor in the collapse of farm and dairy

production in semi-arid regions.

The policy approach to agriculture since the '90s has been to secure increased production by

subsidising inputs such as power, water and fertiliser; and by increasing the minimum support

price, rather than by building new capital assets in surface irrigation, rainwater harvesting,

improving credit for smallholders and evolving new drought-resistant technologies. This has

shifted the production base from low-cost regions to high-cost ones, causing an increase in the

cost of production, regional imbalance and an increase in the burden of storage and transport of

produce.

The equity, efficiency and sustainability of the current approach are questionable. Subsidies do

not improve income distribution or the demand for labour. The boost in output from subsidy-

stimulated use of fertiliser, pesticides and water has the potential to damage aquifers and soils—

an environmentally unsustainable approach that explains the rising costs and slowing growth and

productivity in agriculture.

Policies have resulted in excessive use of capital on farms, such as too many tubewells in water-

scarce regions. Groundwater, as opposed to surface and sub-soil water, has become the main

source of irrigation, leading to more than 30% of the blocks in the country getting classified as

semi-critical, critical or overexploited. As there is no effective control over the digging of

tubewells in water-scarce regions, farmers are borrowing money from informal sources at high

interest rates to dig tubewells, but many such borings fail, leading to indebtedness and even

suicides. Thus agriculture has become riskier and more capital-intensive in the last three decades.

There is a political reluctance to control water-hungry crops in low-rainfall regions, such as

sugarcane in Maharashtra and paddy in Punjab.

We need to reduce unrestricted mining of groundwater and ensure stricter implementation of

environmentally sound cropping patterns. Drip irrigation and a water sprinkler approach,

mulching and bed plantation, and construction of tanks and check dams should be promoted for

water harvesting and conservation. The existing problems of rainfed regions, if not addressed in

time, will get more acute in the coming years due to global warming and climate change. There

would be a downward trend in the number of wet days in a year; in a country which gets rain

only for less than 100 hours in a year (a year has 8,760 hours), this would be disastrous. We need

to build efficient irrigation systems and waterconservation strategies in rainfed regions, through

conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. Agriculture in semi-arid regions has to move from

traditional, crop-centric farming to agri-pastoral-farm-forestry systems (fruit trees, shrubs,

perennial grasses and small ruminants).

The Government has announced several programmes in soil and water conservation but, when

undertaken by the agriculture department, these remain departmental in approach with no

involvement of people. Maintenance of the created assets suffers, as beneficiaries are not

motivated to assume responsibility for maintenance. Watershed development programmes cannot

succeed without full participation of project beneficiaries and careful attention to issues of social

organization. Despite the fact that MGNREGA mandates that 80% of work must be related to

local water conservation and drought-proofing, the sustainability and productivity of assets

created is never monitored. Result?

The programme is reduced to creating short-term, unproductive employment with no focus on

asset creation or soil and water conservation. Its impact on agriculture may even be negative, as

alleged by the ministry of agriculture. MGNREGA is characterised by irregular flow of funds

and high percentage of incomplete works. As work is left incomplete, bunds are washed away

during the monsoon, which gradually accumulates as silt in the riverbed downhill, which in turn

affects the nearby check dams. Moreover, better governed states corner most of the funds

irrespective of low incidence of poverty in those states. Having better banking systems may be

one of the reasons why richer states spend more MGNREGA funds.

Government has increased, on paper, the number of days from 100 to 150 for droughtaffected

districts, but in Banda (in Bundelkhand, one of the poorest districts of Uttar Pradesh), the

average number of days the rural poor got work during 2015-16 was less than 20. Most

importantly, collective capability is required for the management of commons and for new

structures created with MGNREGA funds. Unfortunately, most projects have failed to generate

sustainability because of the failure of government agencies to involve the people and build their

social capital. If rain is captured with people's participation, drought can be banished from India

in 10 years. Unfortunately, the slogan of "more crop per drop" has so far remained an empty

rhetoric, an ideology without a methodology.

UNIT V

Listening – Listening to different accents, Listening to Speeches/Presentations, Listening to

broadcast and telecast from Radio and TV;

Speaking- Giving impromptu talks, Making presentations on given topics;

Reading –Email communication – Reading the attachment files having a poem/joke/proverb –

Sending their responses through email;

Writing – Creative Writing, Poster Making;

Grammar – Direct and indirect speech; Vocabulary – Lexical items (fixed /semi-fixed

expressions);

E-materials –Interactive exercises for Grammar and Vocabulary – Sending emails with

attachment – Audio/video excerpts of different accents –Interpreting posters.

1 Direct and Indirect Speech:

Rewrite the following conversation in reported speech: (Jan 2016)

Sindhu: Sir, Can I meet you today at 2pm.

Teacher: Sindhu, I am sorry, I am attending a conference. Meet me tomorrow.

ANSWER :Sindhu asked the Sir whether she could meet him at 2 pm, the Teacher replied

that he was attending a conference and he would meet her the next day.

„If conditionals‟

3. Complete the following sentences indication the condition (AU June 2011)

a. If I save money I can buy a car.

b. If I had participated in the competition, I would have watched the Common Wealth

games.

4. Complete the following „If‟ conditionals sentences. (AU January 2011)

a. If you had watched the commonwealth games, you could have seen the Indian sportspersons.

b. If water is heated, it will boil at 100 c.

5. Complete the following „If‟ conditionals. (AU June 2012)

1. If the machinery operation had been carried out well, the given operation would have been

completed.

2 If the cultivation decreases , the production will go down.

Complete the following: (2) (AU January 2012)

1. If some more IT parks established it would promote job opportunites.

2. If there had not been such inflation in the market, the price of commodities would not have

gone up.

Punctuate: (AU June 2009)

1.An essay is a piece of writing, several paragraphs long-written on one topic. The aim of the

essay should be deduced strictly from the wording of the title or question and needs to be

defined.

2. Punctuate the following passage. (AU June 2012)

How does one describe mother Teresa?She is of small stature almost frail in build soft-spoken,

yet clearly a very determined woman of great courage.

3.Punctuate the following passage. (AU January 2012)

With so much interest and emphasis on the Human Genome Project, what are the practical

applications of the sequence of the human genome?The information will help in the early

diagnosis of disease, an understanding of the predisposition to genetic diseases and in genetic

counseling for example.

Direct and Indirect speech:

Rewrite the following in reported speech: (Jun 2010)

(a) The chairperson said, ―The export projects have been the main cause for the

drain on our funds‖.

(b) The scientist observed ―The test firings indicate the accuracy of the missile‖.

The chairperson said that the export projects have been the main cause for the drain of our

minds, whereas the scientist observed and commented that the test firings indicate the

accuracy of the missile.

Rewrite the following in reported speech: (Nov/Dec 2010)

The teacher said to the students, ―You have to write the test on Monday."

The teacher said to the students that they will have to write a test the next Monday.

PART B

Fill in the blanks choosing the right word from the given words:

Germany‘s offer to Indian students:

DAAD is Germany‘s largest scholarship/funding-awarding organisation and runs several

programs with which academic exchange between Germany and all parts of the world is

supported. These programmes range from short-term exchanges for research or teaching

purposes through to doctoral scholarships lasting several year and are largely financed from

public funds made available by the German Federal Foreign Office.

DADD, the German agency for promoting academic exchanges (i) between Germany and other

countries, today sought to organize (ii) the visit of the German Chancellor, Mr.Gerhard

Schroeder, to invite Indian students and scientists to Germany for higher destinations(iii)

At a panel discussion (iv) organized by the agency and attended (v) by a large number of

students drawn the IITs and other universities, Mr.Schroeder himself extended (vi) an open

spectrum (vii) to Indian students to choose Germany from carious foreign fellowships (viii) for

pursuing higher studies.

The chancellor, who was present assisted (ix) the hour-long discussion (x) particularly pointed

out that Germany had some of the best institutions in the world, which offered courses covering

a vast spectrum (xi) of subjects and observed that immigration (xii) students to work there at

the end their period of study. He also noted there were several institutions in Germany which

offered scholarships and fellowships (xiv) and other help(xv) to foreign students to meet their

expenses (xvi).

Write a letter to your friend narrating the experiences you have had during a four-day tour

programme arranged by the faculty members of your department. (AU Nov/Dec.2006) (16)

Dear Smith

It has been a long time since we exchanged letters. In this letter I am giving you an

exhilarating experience four- day tour programme.

I, along with six college mates, went camping to Bir in Himachal Pradesh. It was a

Invitation discussion exchanges extended expenses assistance

Learning destinations immigration spectrum throughout

Fellowships organize attended foreign help

four-day trip. We went to Delhi by train and after a day's stay left for Bir early in

the morning by bus and reached there by evening. We camped out in the woods.

The nights were mostly clear and we enjoyed the beauty of the moon, the stars and

the sky, It was wonderful to see the night sky, as there was not an iota of pollution

in the hill area. We also sat around the camp fire and told stories and jokes.

We went for long walks and also went trekking. The natural beauty of this place is

really worth seeing. There are pine trees all around Bir and a small river flows,

winding its way through the valleys and hills. As this place is very calm and quiet,

we could very clearly hear the chirping of birds and movement of the water.

It was realty a great time for all of us. I wish you were with us. When you come to

Ahmedabad next time, we shall plan a similar camping trip again.

Pay my regards to your parents

Yours sincerely

Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper in your region about the ragging in educational

institutions and suggest ways to prevent them.(AU Jan 2009)

From

Xxx,

Yyy.

To

The Editor,

The Times of India.

Subject: Regarding the Ragging in educational institutions and suggest ways to prevent them

Sir,

It is really heartbreaking to hear the news of ragging of engineering student in the hostel. The

parents of such students spend their life's earning to sponsor the education of children hoping

that they are going to do well in life. But the trauma faced by ragging or bullying not hurt the

children temporarily but also permanently as a student‘s self-confidence is shattered and he/she

is unable not only to study but even to live a decent life.

Strong measures must be taken to stop such evils and people found guilty must be

punished badly. Strict rules have to be passed and monitored continuously. It is really not

that difficult. At college/school level there should be moral classes to inculcate high ethical

standards among students. At college authority level there should be close monitoring and severe

punishment to implement. Any student or group of students found guilty of ragging in the

campus or event outside the campus shall be liable to one or more of the following punishments.

Debarring from appearing in any sessional test / University Examination. Suspension from

attending classes and academic privileges.Withdrawing scholarships and other benefits.

Suspended from the University for a period of three months.

Expulsion from the University and also debarring from admission to any other institution

throughout India. Complaint filed with the police leading to arrest. At the time of admission all

students and their parents have to be warned that those who indulge in such activities will be

expelled from institutions. Local police authorities need to be trained to handle such situations

with strict hands. Government authorities should pass strict laws to protect the colleges who take

strict action. Media can publish ratings about all colleges on their ragging and should be

Published widely. Parents should inquire thoroughly and avoid admitting their kids in these types

of colleges. If these things are strictly followed then there would definitely a change!!

Thanking You

Yours faithfully,

XXX.

Prepare a poster for inter collegiate co-curricular competition organized by your

department.

Imagine that you are the class representative. Prepare an email with attachment on some

important information related to exam, symposium, seminar, guest lecture, job oriented

course, awareness campaign, NSS camp or an event.

FROM :yyy.212@gmail.com

To: zzz.123@gmail.com

Hi,

This is an important mail, regarding the Guest Lecture. Please note that the Guest lecture has

been arranged in the AV hall. The lecture begins at 9 am sharp. Please be in time. Do not be late.

And make sure whether all the requirements are fulfilled. Also prepare a checklist for yourself in

order not forget anything.

Thanks and Regards.

Avoid the following Errors:

No ―ed‖ for the following words

Hurt, cast, telecast, broadcast, ground (past tense of grind)

Mug upping (incorrect)Mugging up (correct)

He byhearted the whole answer (incorrect) He learnt the whole answer by heart (correct)

The first letter of the names of countries, people, languages, days of the week, months of the

year should be written in capital letter. ‗I‘ (when it means ‗self‘) should always be written in

capital letter.

Studying (right) Cocoa beans are roasting (wrong) heared (wrong)

Studing (wrong) Cocoa beans are roasted (right) heard (right)

I am studying (right) payed (wrong) develope (wrong) envelop (wrong)

I am studied (wrong) paid (right) develop (right) envelope (right)

Despite of rain, he attended the class (wrong) Monday (wrong)

Despite rain, he attended the class (right) Monday (right)

Postponded (wrong) concentrate in (wrong) avoide (wrong)

Postponed (right) concentrate on (right) avoid (right)

Your‘s faithfully (wrong)

Yours faithfully (right)

tommorrow (wrong)

tomorrow (right)

Sincierly (wrong) seperate (wrong) completly (wrong)

Sincerely (right) separate (right) completely (right)

Successfull (wrong) congradulation (wrong) begining (wrong)

Successful (right) congratulation (right) beginning (right)

Goverment (wrong) proffession (wrong) occassion (wrong)

Government (right) profession (right) occasion (right)

Attendence (wrong) grammer (wrong) useing(wrong) comeing(wrong)

Attendance (right) grammar (right) using (right) coming (right)

Arts and Science Collage (wrong) oppurtunity (wrong) unneccessary (wrong)

Arts and Science College (right) opportunity (right) unnecessary (right)

Convinience (wrong) acheive (wrong) beleive (wrong) recieve(wrong)

Convenience (right) achieve (right) believe (right) receive (right)

Untill(wrong) sevierely (right) joyfull (wrong) carrier ( tiffin carrier)

Until (right) severely (right) joyful (right) career (profession)

Interested (right) development (right)

Intrested (wrong) developement (wrong)

COLLEGE NAME OR YOUR NAME OR ANY IDENTITY RELATED WORDS

SHOULD NOT BE WRITTEN IN INFORMAL LETTERS OR ANYWHERE ON THE

ANSWER SCRIPTS.-------------

Be a proof reader of your answers and edit your answers for spelling errors, punctuation

and capital letter errors before submitting your answer scripts.

Be careful in the construction of every sentence especially subject verb agreement.

-------------STUDYING HARD IS THE ONLY WAY TO PASS--------------------------

--------ALL THE BEST----DO THE BEST ---GOD WILL DO THE REST-----------