Unit IV: Politics in the Early Unit IV: Politics in the Early RepublicRepublic

I. Presidency of George WashingtonI. Presidency of George WashingtonII. Rise of Political PartiesII. Rise of Political PartiesIII. Presidency of John AdamsIII. Presidency of John AdamsIV. Presidency of Thomas JeffersonIV. Presidency of Thomas Jefferson

Key VocabularyKey Vocabulary

• InaugurationInauguration- formal ceremony to - formal ceremony to mark the beginning of something, mark the beginning of something, such as a president’s term of officesuch as a president’s term of office

• Excise tax-Excise tax- tax on the production or tax on the production or sale of a productsale of a product

I. George Washington: 1789-I. George Washington: 1789-17971797

A. Washington Takes OfficeA. Washington Takes Office1. Electoral College 1. Electoral College unanimouslyunanimously elected elected Washington as Pres.Washington as Pres.

2. Formal title: 2. Formal title: Mr. Mr. PresidentPresident

B. While he was president…B. While he was president…

1. Congress approved 1. Congress approved 33 departments (later departments (later became the became the cabinetcabinet):): a. Dept. of State- a. Dept. of State- relations w/relations w/other other nationsnations (Jefferson) (Jefferson)b. Dept. of War- to b. Dept. of War- to defenddefend the nation the nation (Hamilton)(Hamilton)c. Treasury Dept.-c. Treasury Dept.-nations nations financesfinances (Knox)(Knox)

2. Whiskey Rebellion2. Whiskey Rebelliona. To raise money the a. To raise money the

treasury congress passed treasury congress passed an an excise taxexcise tax on whiskey. on whiskey.

b. Western farmers protested b. Western farmers protested & & refused to payrefused to pay..

c. Wash. led c. Wash. led 13,000 troops13,000 troops to squash the rebellion. to squash the rebellion.

d. d. JeffersonJefferson saw sending of saw sending of troops as an troops as an overreactionoverreaction & violation of citizens & violation of citizens rightsrights

e. Hamilton & Washington e. Hamilton & Washington saw rebellion as a saw rebellion as a threat threat to authorityto authority of national of national gov.gov.

3. French Revolution (1789-3. French Revolution (1789-1799)1799)

a. Overthrowing of the a. Overthrowing of the French French monarchymonarchy & & elite by the peopleelite by the people

b. Partly influenced by b. Partly influenced by the the AmericanAmerican RevolutionRevolution

"Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death!"

C. WashingtonC. Washington & Foreign & Foreign PolicyPolicy

1. 1. Problems with Problems with FranceFrance

a. During the Amer. Rev. a. During the Amer. Rev. the U.S established an the U.S established an alliancealliance with France with France (promise to aid France (promise to aid France in times of war)in times of war)

b. In 1793, French asked b. In 1793, French asked for help to for help to fight the fight the BritishBritish

c. Because the U.S was c. Because the U.S was not ready for war, not ready for war, Wash. declared a Wash. declared a policy of policy of neutralityneutrality (U.S would (U.S would not not choosechoose sides) sides)

d. Before leaving office d. Before leaving office Wash. declared a Wash. declared a policy of policy of isolationismisolationism (avoiding alliances (avoiding alliances with other nations)with other nations)

2. Citizen2. Citizen Genet disrespects Genet disrespects the Presidentthe President

a. He was a a. He was a French French RepresentativeRepresentative to to U.SU.S

b. He gave speeches b. He gave speeches to Amer. public to Amer. public against kingsagainst kings & & elite elite

c. c. InsultedInsulted Washington because Washington because of of neutralityneutrality policy policy

3. The Jay Treaty3. The Jay Treatya.a.Great Britain Great Britain refused refused

to leaveto leave Ohio River Ohio River ValleyValley

b.b. Washington sent Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay Chief Justice John Jay to negotiateto negotiate

c.c.FrenchFrench were offended were offended and began and began attacking attacking & seizing& seizing American American ships going to Great ships going to Great BritainBritain

D. Washington’s Farewell D. Washington’s Farewell AddressAddress

1. He was worried about the 1. He was worried about the divisiondivision that was that was forming between forming between republicansrepublicans & & federalistsfederalists

2. Kentucky, Tennessee, & Vermont were 2. Kentucky, Tennessee, & Vermont were addedadded to the Union to the Union

3. He left the nation 3. He left the nation unitedunited & & at peaceat peace..

II. Political Parties RiseII. Political Parties Rise(Federalist Party vs. (Federalist Party vs.

DemocraticDemocratic-Republican Party)-Republican Party)

•rely on agriculture rely on agriculture (farmers).(farmers).

•No national bank b/c it No national bank b/c it did not support farmers. did not support farmers. It only lent money to It only lent money to businesses businesses (unconstitutional)(unconstitutional)

•wanted gov’t to wanted gov’t to promote business, promote business, manufacturing, & manufacturing, & trade.trade.

•pay off war debts pay off war debts quicklyquickly

•national bank to help national bank to help gov’t to collect taxes & gov’t to collect taxes & make loans to make loans to jumpstart the economyjumpstart the economy

Ideal Economy

•Most men had good Most men had good sensesense

•Informed citizens Informed citizens could make good could make good decisionsdecisions

•Believed ppl were Believed ppl were selfish selfish

•Common man could Common man could not be trusted w/powernot be trusted w/power

Ideas on Human Nature

•Wealthy tobacco Wealthy tobacco planter from Virginia planter from Virginia

•Secretary of State Secretary of State under Wash.under Wash.

•From West Indies From West Indies

•Involved in NY politics, Involved in NY politics, & went to Constit. & went to Constit. Conv.Conv.

•Loyalty was with the Loyalty was with the nation not the statesnation not the states

Personal Background

RepublicansRepublicans

(Jefferson & (Jefferson & Madison)Madison)

FederalistsFederalists

(Hamilton & (Hamilton & Adams)Adams)

•Regretted the Regretted the bloodshed in Fren. Rev. bloodshed in Fren. Rev. but respected the fight but respected the fight for freedomfor freedom

•Believed the Fre. Believed the Fre. Revol. Was too bloodyRevol. Was too bloody

•Sided with the British Sided with the British b/c they were strong & b/c they were strong & well respectedwell respected

Relations w/ Britain & France

RepublicansRepublicans

(Jefferson & (Jefferson & Madison)Madison)

FederalistsFederalists

(Hamilton & (Hamilton & Adams)Adams)

•Felt the laws limited Felt the laws limited their votestheir votes

•Used the law to keep Used the law to keep immig. from voting for immig. from voting for republicansrepublicans

View on Alien View on Alien ActsActs

•Felt it violated their Felt it violated their freedom of speech & freedom of speech & presspress

•Protected the gov’t Protected the gov’t from people who might from people who might rebelrebel

View on View on Sedition ActsSedition Acts

•Supported the French Supported the French b/c they were fighting b/c they were fighting for their freedomfor their freedom

•Worried about French Worried about French murdering the upper-murdering the upper-class. class.

•stay neutral stay neutral

Response to Response to French Rev. French Rev.

•Overreaction, Overreaction, unnecessary unnecessary

•Hamilton convinced Hamilton convinced G.W to send troops to G.W to send troops to stop the rebels (show stop the rebels (show gov’t power)gov’t power)

Response to Response to Whisky Whisky

RebellionRebellion

•DemocracyDemocracy

•States should have States should have more power more power

•Strict interpr. of Strict interpr. of constitu.constitu.

•Upper-class should Upper-class should control the gov’tcontrol the gov’t

•Strong National gov’t Strong National gov’t

•Lose interpr. of Const.Lose interpr. of Const.

Ideas about Ideas about Gov’tGov’t

RepublicansRepublicans

(Jefferson & (Jefferson & Madison)Madison)

FederalistsFederalists

(Hamilton & (Hamilton & Adams)Adams)

Key VocabularyKey Vocabulary• ImpressmentImpressment- was the act of - was the act of

compelling men to serve in a navy by compelling men to serve in a navy by force and without noticeforce and without notice

• Embargo-Embargo- a government order that a government order that prevents products from entering or prevents products from entering or leaving a countryleaving a country

• Piracy-Piracy-robbery or illegal violence at robbery or illegal violence at sea.sea.

• Diplomacy- Diplomacy- the art of conducting the art of conducting negotiations with other countries. (ppl negotiations with other countries. (ppl who do this are called diplomats)who do this are called diplomats)

• Doctrine-Doctrine- a statement of official a statement of official government policygovernment policy

• Foreign PolicyForeign Policy- guidelines for how a - guidelines for how a country handles political and country handles political and economic interactions with other economic interactions with other countriescountries