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Unit: Memoirs and Mechanics
Lesson: Commas
End Marks
What is an end mark?– An end mark is also known as
punctuation, and comes at the end of a sentence. It lets you know when to stop.
What are the different kinds of end – Period– Questions mark– Exclamation mark
The CommaA comma is a punctuation mark.It tells us to take a brief pause when we are reading.It is the most common punctuation mark, but has to be used carefully.It is overused, underused, and abused!Comma can change the meaning of a sentence.
8 Comma RulesRule #1– Use commas to separate items in a
list of three or more.• Incorrect: I need to buy milk eggs and
bread.• Correct: I need to buy milk, eggs, and
bread.
8 Comma Rules
Rule #2– Use a comma to separate independent clauses
(complete thoughts) when they are joined by the following conjunctions:
– Note: The comma should come before the conjunction.
– Incorrect: I want to buy the new jacket but is it too expensive.
– Correct: I want to buy the new jacket, but is it too expensive.
And Or For Nor So Yet But
8 Comma Rules
Rule #3– Use a comma to separate a
dependent clause (incomplete thought) from an independent clause (complete thought).
– Incorrect: Without water the plant will die.
– Correct: Without water, the plant will die.
8 Comma Rules
Rule #4– Use a comma(s) to separate any
interrupting word or phrase. This phrase usually provides extra information about the subject.
– Incorrect: My mother on the other hand does not like chocolate.
– Correct: My mother, on the other hand, does not like chocolate.
8 Comma Rules
Rule #5– Use a comma to separate a quotation
from the rest of a sentence.– Incorrect: “We need to buy more
sugar” she said “before it runs out!”– Correct: “We need to buy more
sugar,” she said, “before it runs out!”
8 Comma Rules
Rule #6– Use a comma to separate an
introductory element from the rest of a sentence.
– Incorrect: Hi how are you?– Correct: Hi, how are you?
8 Comma Rules
Rule #7– Use a comma to separate the name
of a city from a country or state.– Incorrect: I live in Chapel Hill North
Carolina.– Correct: I live in Chapel Hill, North
Carolina.
8 Comma Rules
Rule #8– Use a comma to separate the day of
the week, the day of the month, and the year.
– Incorrect: Today is Thursday April 18 1943.
– Correct: Today is Thursday, April 18, 1943.
See worksheet
The Colon
Used to show time– 11:35 PM
Used before a list– I will need the following items from
the store: bread, bananas, and milk.
Apostrophe
Apostrophes are used to form possessive nounsApostrophes are used to form contractionsSee worksheet