Unit Six: Passage A Do You Follow Ads? 全国成人高等教育规划教材非英语专业专科用 English 3

Unit Six: Passage A

Do You Follow Ads?

全国成人高等教育规划教材非英语专业专科用 English 3

Background Information The origins of advertising The aims of advertisingComprehensive Focus

Detailed Study of the Text Word Usage

Notes to the Passage

Exercises Exercise Ⅳ

Exercise Ⅴ

Exercise Ⅵ

Adverbial Clause Of manner

Of comparison

Background Information

The origins of advertising

The aims of advertising

Comprehensive focus

The origins of AdvertisingThe origins of Advertising ⒈ ⒈ Advertising has existed in various forms for mAdvertising has existed in various forms for m

any, many years. In previous centuries in Englaany, many years. In previous centuries in England, for example, companies would seek to becond, for example, companies would seek to become the purveyor (supplier) of the king or the queme the purveyor (supplier) of the king or the queen. In doing so, they could obtain a special maren. In doing so, they could obtain a special mark or seal that gave their product added prestige k or seal that gave their product added prestige and visibility.and visibility.

⒉ ⒉ Newspapers in the nineteenth century contained Newspapers in the nineteenth century contained all sorts of ads. In fact, advertising gradually all sorts of ads. In fact, advertising gradually became an important source of income for became an important source of income for newspapers. A similar phenomenon occurred with newspapers. A similar phenomenon occurred with radio and then later, with television.radio and then later, with television.

The aims of advertisingThe aims of advertisingIn one way or another, all advertisements inform In one way or another, all advertisements inform potential buyers about a product or a service with potential buyers about a product or a service with the basic aim of increasing sales. Nowadays, the basic aim of increasing sales. Nowadays, virtually every business has to use some form of virtually every business has to use some form of advertising.advertising.

In addition to the business, governments use the In addition to the business, governments use the same techniques to ‘sell’ programs or social same techniques to ‘sell’ programs or social messages as advertisers use to market products. messages as advertisers use to market products. Political parties also hire advertisers in order to Political parties also hire advertisers in order to promote their candidates. Thus, advertising is promote their candidates. Thus, advertising is everywhere and impossible to escape.everywhere and impossible to escape.

Comprehensive FocusComprehensive FocusAdvantages and disadvantages of advertisingAdvantages and disadvantages of advertising

AdvantagesAdvantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages1) Ads are beautiful and 1) Ads are beautiful and informativeinformative

1) Ads are often dishonest and 1) Ads are often dishonest and offensiveoffensive

2) Ads are often educational and 2) Ads are often educational and instructiveinstructive

2) Ads encourage people to buy 2) Ads encourage people to buy things they don’t needthings they don’t need

3) Ads often pay for many TV 3) Ads often pay for many TV programs, sports events, and the programs, sports events, and the likelike

3) Ads create all kinds of 3) Ads create all kinds of impossible fantasies and dreamsimpossible fantasies and dreams

4) Companies can not expand 4) Companies can not expand their businesses without their businesses without advertising or publicityadvertising or publicity

4) Ads make people unhappy 4) Ads make people unhappy when they cannot afford to buy when they cannot afford to buy thingsthings

5) In sum, we people can benefit a 5) In sum, we people can benefit a lot from advertisinglot from advertising

5) Thus, advertisements are a 5) Thus, advertisements are a form of pollutionform of pollution

Word UsageWord Usage

1.1. affect:affect:

v.v. cause some result or change in, influence. cause some result or change in, influence.

e.g.e.g. Does the amount of rain affect the growth of Does the amount of rain affect the growth of crops?crops?

The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight.The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight.

Syn. influenceSyn. influence: : v.v. to affect, to have an effect on. to affect, to have an effect on.

e.g.e.g. Don’t let me influence your decision. Don’t let me influence your decision.

What influenced you to do it?What influenced you to do it?


e.g.e.g. It is not surprising you have got a It is not surprising you have got a stomachache. After all, you have eaten stomachache. After all, you have eaten too much.too much.

Of course she behaved awfully, but Of course she behaved awfully, but after all, she is your sister.after all, she is your sister.

2.2. After all:After all: it must be remembered that, in s it must be remembered that, in spite of everything pite of everything 毕竟毕竟


3. available: 3. available: a.a. able to be obtained, used, etc. able to be obtained, used, etc.

e.g.e.g. There is only a little money available for this trip. There is only a little money available for this trip.

These dresses are not available in your size.These dresses are not available in your size.

4. Be aware of: 4. Be aware of: having knowledge or having knowledge or consciousness, realizeconsciousness, realize

e.g.e.g. He wasn’t aware of the danger. He wasn’t aware of the danger.

We are fully aware of the gravity of the We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation.situation.


e.g.e.g. I am used to English food. I am used to English food.

You will soon get used to our way of living.You will soon get used to our way of living.

7.7. Be used to, get used toBe used to, get used to: be accustomed to : be accustomed to 习惯习惯于于

Syn. Be accustomed toSyn. Be accustomed to: have the habit of : have the habit of 习惯于习惯于

e.g.e.g. He is accustomed to working hard. He is accustomed to working hard.

I am accustomed to cold weather.I am accustomed to cold weather.


5. Be bombarded with: 5. Be bombarded with: be attacked heavily (as if gbe attacked heavily (as if gunfire) unfire) 被… 猛攻被… 猛攻

e.g.e.g. The speaker was bombarded with questions The speaker was bombarded with questions

The TV station was bombarded with The TV station was bombarded with complaints against a tasteless program. complaints against a tasteless program.

6. Be exposed to6. Be exposed to: be uncovered so as to be left with: be uncovered so as to be left without protection (from something) out protection (from something) 遭受遭受e.g.e.g. The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain. The bicycle was exposed to the wind and rain.

They have been exposed to every kind of They have been exposed to every kind of danger --- flood, famine, disease and war.danger --- flood, famine, disease and war.


8. effect:8. effect: n n.. result result 结果结果 ,, 效果效果

e.g.e.g. Some films have a misleading effect on you. Some films have a misleading effect on you.

This had a great effect upon the future of both mother This had a great effect upon the future of both mother and son.and son.

e.g.e.g. His stomachache is an effect of over-eating. His stomachache is an effect of over-eating.

Her new way of teaching produced a good effect.Her new way of teaching produced a good effect.

have an effect onhave an effect on : : v.v. have an impact on have an impact on 影响影响


9. essential9. essential: : a.a. necessary necessary 不可或缺的不可或缺的 , , 绝对必要绝对必要的的

E.g.

1. We can live without clothes, but food and drink are 1. We can live without clothes, but food and drink are essential to life.essential to life.

2. Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops.2. Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops.


10. image: 10. image: n.n. a picture, esp. in the mind a picture, esp. in the mind 形象形象

e.g. She passed away, but her image is still fresh in my mind.

You have to improve your own image.


11. In exchange for: 11. In exchange for: giving something in return fogiving something in return for something else r something else 交换交换 , , 调整调整

e.g.e.g. He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.cake.

I gave her a sweater in exchange for a skirt.I gave her a sweater in exchange for a skirt.


12. Inform sb. of/about sth.: 12. Inform sb. of/about sth.: to tell sb. Aboto tell sb. About sth.ut sth.

e.g.e.g. I informed him about where to go. I informed him about where to go.

I informed him of her mother’s safe arrival.I informed him of her mother’s safe arrival.


13. innocent13. innocent: a: a.. (of people) guiltless, simpl (of people) guiltless, simple, not able to recognize evil e, not able to recognize evil 清白的清白的 , , 无辜无辜的的 , , 幼稚的幼稚的

e.g.e.g. The young lady is innocent of the crime. The young lady is innocent of the crime.

She is as innocent as a baby.She is as innocent as a baby.

Ant. guiltyAnt. guilty: : a.a. having broken a law or disobeyed having broken a law or disobeyed a moral or social rule a moral or social rule 有罪的有罪的e.g.e.g. He was found guilty. He was found guilty.

The boys were guilty of murder.The boys were guilty of murder.


14. Lie in: 14. Lie in: to be in a described place, positito be in a described place, position or direction on or direction 在于在于

e.g.e.g. The difficulty lies in their great poverty. The difficulty lies in their great poverty.

Her charm lies in her intelligence.Her charm lies in her intelligence.


15. mislead: 15. mislead: v.v. cause (someone) to think or cause (someone) to think or act wrongly or guide wrongly, sometimes act wrongly or guide wrongly, sometimes with the mistaken intention to deceivewith the mistaken intention to deceive

e.g.e.g. Her appearance misled him; he thought she was young, Her appearance misled him; he thought she was young, but she wasn’t.but she wasn’t.

Don’t let his friendly words mislead you into trusting him.Don’t let his friendly words mislead you into trusting him.

16.Persuade : 16.Persuade : v.v. to cause to do sth. By reasoning, to cause to do sth. By reasoning, arguing, begging, etc. arguing, begging, etc. 说服说服

e.g.e.g. She finally persuaded her son to go to college. She finally persuaded her son to go to college.

He persuaded me into lending him all my savings.He persuaded me into lending him all my savings.


17. powerful: 17. powerful: a.a. very strong, full of force very strong, full of force

e.g.e.g. Tom is a very powerful swimmer; he has Tom is a very powerful swimmer; he has powerful arms and legs.powerful arms and legs.

The car has a powerful engine.The car has a powerful engine.power: power: n.n. the ability to do something or the ability to do something or

produce a certain effectproduce a certain effect

e.g.e.g. She claims to have the power to see the She claims to have the power to see the future.future.

This parrot has the power to imitate human This parrot has the power to imitate human speech.speech.


18. serve: 18. serve: v.v. to work (faithfully) for, do a useful to work (faithfully) for, do a useful job forjob for

e.g.e.g. She served the family as a gardener for 20 She served the family as a gardener for 20 years.years.

She served her father as a capable secretary.She served her father as a capable secretary.


19. Take in: 19. Take in: believe (something false) believe (something false) 相信相信

e.g.e.g. The poor man takes in all the lies she tells The poor man takes in all the lies she tells him.him.

Don’t trust that fellow; he will take you in if he Don’t trust that fellow; he will take you in if he gets the chance.gets the chance.


20. Turn … into: 20. Turn … into: change … into … change … into … 把…变为把…变为

e.g.e.g. I’m going to turn my garage into a play room I’m going to turn my garage into a play room for the children.for the children.

All the buildings there have been turned into All the buildings there have been turned into hospitals.hospitals.

Notes to the passageNotes to the passage

1. Whenever we turn on the television, … 1. Whenever we turn on the television, … we are bombarded with advertisements:we are bombarded with advertisements:

WhereverWherever is a is a conj.conj. Meaning Meaning every timeevery time and introducing an and introducing an adverbial clause of time. adverbial clause of time. 每次…总是每次…总是

e.g.e.g. Whenever I go out on a date, it begins to rain. Whenever I go out on a date, it begins to rain.

Whenever you (may) call, you’ ll find her sittinWhenever you (may) call, you’ ll find her sitting by the sindow.g by the sindow.

The meaning of the sentence is:The meaning of the sentence is: Every time we Every time we turn on the television, we are heavily attacked by turn on the television, we are heavily attacked by advertisements as if we were attacked by gunfire.advertisements as if we were attacked by gunfire.


The infinitive clause phrase The infinitive clause phrase to make … to make … is used to is used to show the purpose of show the purpose of existexist, while , while what they are what they are sellingselling serves as the object of the verb serves as the object of the verb wantwant..

2. They exist to make us want what they are 2. They exist to make us want what they are selling:selling:

The meaning of the sentence is:The meaning of the sentence is: Advertisements always try to create a desire in Advertisements always try to create a desire in us to buy the products they are selling.us to buy the products they are selling.


The more …, the less … is used in the sentence to show The more …, the less … is used in the sentence to show the correlational change of tow elements involved, meanithe correlational change of tow elements involved, meaning to a larger degree…, to a lesser degree.ng to a larger degree…, to a lesser degree.

3. Strangely, the more we are exposed to 3. Strangely, the more we are exposed to advertising, the less we notice itadvertising, the less we notice it::

e.g.:e.g.: The more difficult the problems are, the less likely The more difficult the problems are, the less likely I’ll be able to answer them.I’ll be able to answer them.

The more I see of him, the less I like him.The more I see of him, the less I like him.

The meaning of the sentence is:The meaning of the sentence is: It is strange and It is strange and surprising that the more advertising there is around us, surprising that the more advertising there is around us, the less we are aware of its existence.the less we are aware of its existence.


4. We get so used to seeing advertisements 4. We get so used to seeing advertisements everywhere that they become largely invisible, as everywhere that they become largely invisible, as if they are another part of our everyday lives:if they are another part of our everyday lives:

The whole sentence is bound together by The whole sentence is bound together by so … that so … that …… and and as ifas if structure. structure. SoSo modifies the adjective modifies the adjective usedused and gives the degree of and gives the degree of being used tobeing used to, and , and thatthat introduces an adverbial clause to give the introduces an adverbial clause to give the specific description of the degree being used, while specific description of the degree being used, while as ifas if introduces another clause of manner showing introduces another clause of manner showing a vivid example of comparison.a vivid example of comparison.


5. One advertising expert believes that the 5. One advertising expert believes that the special power of advertising lies in the special power of advertising lies in the fact that we do not pay much attention fact that we do not pay much attention to it:to it:

TheThe basic structure of the sentence is basic structure of the sentence is … believe that … … believe that … lies in the fact that…lies in the fact that… The first The first that-that- clause is the object of clause is the object of the verb the verb believes believes and the second and the second that-that- clause is the clause is the appositive of the noun appositive of the noun the factthe fact..

The meaning of the whole sentence is:The meaning of the whole sentence is: One expert who One expert who studies advertising argues that we are greatly influenced by studies advertising argues that we are greatly influenced by the advertising just because we pay little attention to it. In the advertising just because we pay little attention to it. In other words, the less we notice ads, the more we are other words, the less we notice ads, the more we are affected by them.affected by them.


6. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop no6. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing advertisements, we lower our defenseticing advertisements, we lower our defenses, allowing the messages of the advertisemes, allowing the messages of the advertisements to be taken in and stored, really to be trints to be taken in and stored, really to be triggered into action at the right moment:ggered into action at the right moment:

The verb phrase The verb phrase to trigger into actionto trigger into action carries the carries the meaning meaning to start to do sthto start to do sth. or . or set off to do sthset off to do sth.. .. Similar structures are as follows: Similar structures are as follows: force into doinforce into doingg, , trick into doingtrick into doing, , persuade into doingpersuade into doing..


The meaning of the whole sentence isThe meaning of the whole sentence is: Dr. Krugman b: Dr. Krugman believes that we will be off on guard against advertisemelieves that we will be off on guard against advertisements and pay so little attention to them that we absorb ents and pay so little attention to them that we absorb the information conveyed they had store it subconsciothe information conveyed they had store it subconsciously, and that the stored information will encourage us usly, and that the stored information will encourage us to buy the advertised products anywhere and anytime.to buy the advertised products anywhere and anytime.


7. He says that the effects of advertising on the individual are small, 7. He says that the effects of advertising on the individual are small, but over a period of time they have a powerful effect on the masses:but over a period of time they have a powerful effect on the masses:

The key structure of this sentence is The key structure of this sentence is the effect of the effect of A on BA on B, which means , which means A influences BA influences B..

Dr. Krugman says that advertising has only a smDr. Krugman says that advertising has only a small effect on people as individuals, but over a certall effect on people as individuals, but over a certain period of time it will have a great impact on pain period of time it will have a great impact on people as a whole.eople as a whole.


8. Advertisements help to sell goods by informing people about the 8. Advertisements help to sell goods by informing people about the products and services available:products and services available:

e.g. There is water available at the hut.e.g. There is water available at the hut.

You can use the resources available.You can use the resources available.

All the materials necessary have been collected.All the materials necessary have been collected.

The meaning of the sentence is: Advertisements help to promote the sale of products and services by telling people about the products and services on the market.


9. Often, advertisements help to pay 9. Often, advertisements help to pay for the entertainment we enjoy:for the entertainment we enjoy:

The last part of the sentence we enjoy is a relative The last part of the sentence we enjoy is a relative clause modifying the noun entertainment.clause modifying the noun entertainment.

The meaning of the sentence is:The meaning of the sentence is: Advertisements Advertisements often help to pay for entertainment programs for often help to pay for entertainment programs for us, so that we can enjoy them free of charge.us, so that we can enjoy them free of charge.


10. Sponsors, who support events in 10. Sponsors, who support events in exchange for advertising exposure, help to exchange for advertising exposure, help to lower the cost of concerts, sports events lower the cost of concerts, sports events and festivals:and festivals:

The meaning of the sentence is: The meaning of the sentence is: In order to obtain In order to obtain the rights to advertise at concerts, sports events, the rights to advertise at concerts, sports events, and festivals, sponsors financially support these and festivals, sponsors financially support these events, the result of which will help reduce of the events, the result of which will help reduce of the cost of these events.cost of these events.


11. But most experts who study advertising and its 11. But most experts who study advertising and its influence on human behavior argue that, more influence on human behavior argue that, more than being a source of information, advertising than being a source of information, advertising exists to persuade.:exists to persuade.:

More than: It is more true to say … than … More than: It is more true to say … than … 与其说…不如说…与其说…不如说…

The meaning of the sentence is:The meaning of the sentence is: But most experts But most experts who study advertising and its influence on human who study advertising and its influence on human behavior claim that advertising mainly functions as behavior claim that advertising mainly functions as a way to persuade people into purchasing, though a way to persuade people into purchasing, though it is also a source of information.it is also a source of information.

e.g. She was more sad than angry when her son lied.e.g. She was more sad than angry when her son lied.

He is more a scholar than a teacher.He is more a scholar than a teacher.


12. It sells products and services by turning 12. It sells products and services by turning them into images and dreams. To do so, it them into images and dreams. To do so, it may not always tell us everything about the may not always tell us everything about the products we are being persuaded to buy:products we are being persuaded to buy:

The meaning of the sentence is:The meaning of the sentence is: Advertising Advertising always changes the products and services into always changes the products and services into attractive images and fantasies. As a result, attractive images and fantasies. As a result, advertising probably exaggerates their advantages advertising probably exaggerates their advantages and hides their disadvantages.and hides their disadvantages.


13. … all advertising, no matter how innocent, 13. … all advertising, no matter how innocent, is misleading in some way:is misleading in some way:

No matter how: No matter how: conj.conj. However, it makes no differe However, it makes no difference nce 不管如何不管如何

e.g. No matter how hot it is, he will not take off his coat.e.g. No matter how hot it is, he will not take off his coat.

You can’t catch up with a car, no matter how fast you run.You can’t catch up with a car, no matter how fast you run.

The meaning of this sentence isThe meaning of this sentence is: No matter how : No matter how innocent advertising may intend to be, it more or innocent advertising may intend to be, it more or less deceives its viewers.less deceives its viewers.


The meaning of the sentence isThe meaning of the sentence is: When most : When most people are asked in research surveys about the people are asked in research surveys about the power of advertising, they argue that advertising power of advertising, they argue that advertising has a great effect on most of its viewers except has a great effect on most of its viewers except themselves.themselves.

14. When asked about the power of 14. When asked about the power of advertising, in research surveys, most advertising, in research surveys, most people agree that it works, but not on them:people agree that it works, but not on them:


15. Only the professionals who create the 15. Only the professionals who create the ads know differently:ads know differently:

The meaning of the sentence isThe meaning of the sentence is: Only the : Only the professionals, who are the creators of the ads, professionals, who are the creators of the ads, hold a completely different point of view.hold a completely different point of view.


16. After all, they see the results and they 16. After all, they see the results and they know advertising works as they expect:know advertising works as they expect:

As: As: conj.conj. In the way or manner that In the way or manner that 就像…一样就像…一样e.g. Please try to pronounce the word as I do.e.g. Please try to pronounce the word as I do.

She stayed in bed as the doctor had ordered.She stayed in bed as the doctor had ordered.

The meaning of this sentence isThe meaning of this sentence is: After all, the : After all, the above-mentioned professionals find out that above-mentioned professionals find out that advertising always affects customers just as they advertising always affects customers just as they hope.hope.


17. It works without us being aware of it:17. It works without us being aware of it:

The prepositions with and without are often used to The prepositions with and without are often used to introduce an absolute structure, without us being aware of introduce an absolute structure, without us being aware of it in our case.it in our case.

e.g. She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.e.g. She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.

She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.

The meaning of this sentence isThe meaning of this sentence is: Advertising : Advertising always affects us subconsciously without letting us always affects us subconsciously without letting us feel that we are aware of it.feel that we are aware of it.


18. It works not by brainwashing us overnight, 18. It works not by brainwashing us overnight, but by slowly and carefully shaping the way but by slowly and carefully shaping the way we think --- and buy:we think --- and buy:

Not … but …: to show one choice instead of anotherNot … but …: to show one choice instead of another

e.g. Shakespeare was not a musician but a writer. e.g. Shakespeare was not a musician but a writer.

It’s a question not of money but of time.It’s a question not of money but of time.

The way: The way: conj.conj. The manner or degree of behavior The manner or degree of behavior

e.g. He doesn’t speak the way (in which) I do.e.g. He doesn’t speak the way (in which) I do.

I don’t like the way that you laugh at her.I don’t like the way that you laugh at her.

The sentence meansThe sentence means: Advertising does not influence us : Advertising does not influence us instantly. Instead, it affects us slowly and subconsciously.instantly. Instead, it affects us slowly and subconsciously.

Ⅳ Ⅳ Translate the following sentences Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the into Chinese, paying attention to the underlined words and expressions:underlined words and expressions:

Exercises

1）请打开电视机，世界杯足球赛的时间到了。

2）他们已养成抽烟的习惯，是很难改掉的。

3）奶牛为我们提供鲜奶。

4）无论你是谁，都不能进去。

Ⅳ Ⅳ Translate the following sentences Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the into Chinese, paying attention to the underlined words and expressions:underlined words and expressions:

Exercises

5）有时广告为我们提供有新产品的信息。

6）你买辆自行车花了多少钱？

7）它有助于达到同样的目标。

8）这药对我无效。

Exercises

ⅤⅤ Translate the following phrases or Translate the following phrases or expressions:expressions:

1. Important function _________________

2. Lower the cost _________________

3. Pay attention to _________________

4. Supply sb. with sth. _________________

重要作用

降低成本

注意

为某人提供某物

Exercises

ⅤⅤ Translate the following phrases or Translate the following phrases or expressions:expressions:

5. 打开电视 _________________

6. 一段时间 _________________

7. 必不可少的部分 _______________

8. 不再 _________________

Turn on the TV

A period of time

Essential part

No longer

Exercises

Ⅵ Translate the following sentences into English, using the given words and expressions.

1. He was bombarded with questions.1. He was bombarded with questions.

2. He was completely persuaded.2. He was completely persuaded.

3. Don’t go with him no matter what he says.3. Don’t go with him no matter what he says.

4. You’ll soon become used to this food.4. You’ll soon become used to this food.

Exercises

Ⅵ Translate the following sentences into English, using the given words and expressions.

5. Please inform them about the location of the 5. Please inform them about the location of the meeting.meeting.

6. Factories always supply the market with new 6. Factories always supply the market with new products.products.

7. Bad ads will have harmful effects on children.7. Bad ads will have harmful effects on children.

8. The problem lies in the lack of funds.8. The problem lies in the lack of funds.

Adverbial Clause

Structure of an adverbial clause of mannerStructure of an adverbial clause of manner

Main clauseMain clause SubordinatorSubordinator Adverbial Adverbial clauseclause

I would like to I would like to go abroadgo abroad

AsAs You do.You do.

She always She always talks to metalks to me

As if As if She were my She were my sister.sister.

He shook his He shook his headhead

As thoughAs though He wanted to He wanted to say ‘No’.say ‘No’.

You don’t You don’t speakspeak

The wayThe way I do.I do.

Adverbial Clause

Structure of an adverbial clause of comparison AStructure of an adverbial clause of comparison A

Main clauseMain clause As/soAs/so Adj. or Adj. or adv.adv.

As As Subordinate Subordinate clauseclause

Tom runsTom runs AsAs FastFast AAss

I do.I do.

She isn’tShe isn’t AsAs BadBad AAss

You think she You think she is.is.

It’s notIt’s not So So (as)(as)

SimpleSimple AAss

It sounds.It sounds.

Adverbial Clause

Structure of an adverbial clause of comparison BStructure of an adverbial clause of comparison B

Main Main clauseclause

More/lessMore/less ThaThann

Subordinate Subordinate clauseclause

He hasHe has More More moneymoney

ThaThann

I have.I have.

This This couple couple seemedseemed

Less richLess rich ThaThan n

That one.That one.

Adverbial Clause

Structure of an adverbial clause of comparison CStructure of an adverbial clause of comparison C

The The +compariso+comparison degree of n degree of an a. or ad.an a. or ad.

Main clauseMain clause The + The + comparison comparison degree of an degree of an a. or ad.a. or ad.

Subordinate Subordinate clauseclause

The The smallersmaller

The The computer computer is, is,

The fasterThe faster It can It can work.work.

The less The less intelligentintelligent

A man is,A man is, The lessThe less He knows He knows what he what he wants.wants.

The moreThe more He thought He thought about it,about it,

The The angrier angrier

He grew.He grew.

The End

Documents

Unit Six: Passage A Do You Follow Ads? 全国成人高等教育规划教材 非英语专业专科用 English 3

Unit Six: Passage A Do You Follow Ads? 全国成人高等教育规划教材非英语专业专科用 English 3