Unit VI - Ethical Aspects of Drug Information

8/10/2019 Unit VI - Ethical Aspects of Drug Information

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Ethical Aspects of Drug

Information

Charliemaign Stanley S. Cruz, RPh,

MSc.Faculty of Pharmacy


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What is Ethics?

Philosophical Inquiry into the moral

dimensionsof human conduct


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What is Ethics?

Aristotle: An eminently practical discipline

dealing with concrete judgments in situations

in which action must be taken despite

uncertainty


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Ethics is NOT

Values clarification

Study of moral development

The law


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Ethical deliberations are

Fundamental / Ultimate

Universal

Takes into account the welfare of all involvedparties


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Ethical issuesinvolves judgments between

right or wrong humanconduct or

praiseworthy or blameworthyhumancharacter

According to Veatch (Hospital

Pharmacy)


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Professional Ethics

Rules of conductby which a particular group in

society regulates its actions and sets standards

for its members


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Professional Ethics

Focuses on written or implicit rules and

standardsset by a professional subgroupof society and addresses the

responsibilities of only those who are

members of that subgroup


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Law

Rules of conduct imposed by society on

its members

May institutionalize certain ethicalstandards of a given profession by the

whole society

Represent one aspect of the culturewhere ethical issues are considered


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Scenarios

A Community pharmacist who is asked by a

patient at the counter to critique a physicians

prescription


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Scenarios

Home health care pharmacist who is

recommending a therapeutic plan to a

physician and who must consider payment

constraints imposed by a third party payer


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Scenarios

Hospital practitioner who is confronted

by a physician or an administrator

demanding a certain formularyrecommendation that may not be

appropriate


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Ethics is a generic term for several

ways of examining the moral life

-Beuchamp and Childress


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Action Guides

Ethical theories

Principles

Rules

* Particular Judgment and actions


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Stages of Ethical Analysis

First Stage

Identification of pertinent background information

Moral reflection

Second Stage

Reflection on whose rights and responsibilities are

at issue

Third Stage

Consideration on cultural differences


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2 Broad Ethical theories

Consequentialist

Focusses on the consequence of an act

informed consent

Deontological

deon = duty

Looks on intrinsic features of an act


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Specific Ethical Rules and

Principles


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Respect for Autonomy

Right of individual to self-rule

Right to decided on issues affecting onesself

Deontological theory


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Confidentiality

Right to give or refuse consent relative to

release of privileged information


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Consent

Right to be informed and freely choose the

course of action


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Privacy

Right of individual to control his or her own

affairs w/o interference from or knowledge of

outside parties


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Respect for Persons

Duty to the welfare of individual

Concern with the intrinsic value of human life


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Veracity

honesty/ truth-telling

used in both consequentialist and

deontological theories


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Fidelity

Responsibility to be trustworthy

Duty of reciprocity


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Non-maleficence

Duty to dono harm

Consequentialist theory


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Beneficence

Duty to promote good

Consequentialist theory


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Justice

Concept of fairness


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Respect the patient-professional

relationship

Primary duty of healthcare

providers is to the patient

Documents

Unit VI - Ethical Aspects of Drug Information