UNIT+1+COMPANY+FORMATION+revised.doc

7/27/2019 UNIT+1+COMPANY+FORMATION+revised.doc

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UNIT 1COMPANY FORMATION

A. STARTING UP.1. What is a capital?2. Is capital important in a company? Give your opinion!3. How many kinds of capitals are there?

B. MATCH THE WORDS IN COLUMN A TO THE WORDS INCOLUMN B.

1. apital2. reditor3. Investor

. " sleepin#partner

$. " shareholder%. &artnership'. (oan capital). *hare capital

a. " capital that is+orrowed.

+. " capital which is

o+tained.c. " lar#e amount of

money that is invested or is used tostart a +usiness.

d. ,wo or more peoplewho own and run a +usiness.

e. -veryone who +uysshare in the company.

f. &eople who investmoney in a +usiness.

#. " person or companythat some+ody owes money.

h. " partner who investmoney in partnership +ut who doesnot run the +usiness.

C. READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND ANSWER THEQUESTIONS.

apital is a lar#e amount of money that is invested or is used tostart a +usiness. /ore technically0 it is a person who uses his

money to start a +usiness considered as a #roup capital andla+or. If a person does not have enou#h capital he may +orrowfrom the +ank in the form of a loan. If a +usiness owned +y oneman or a sole trader runs into trou+le the owner is lia+le to payall de+t to his creditors. " sole trader is personally lia+le to hiscreditors.

&artnership is two people or more who own and run a +usiness.Investors or +ackers are people who invest money in a +usiness. ,he +ackers in a partnership are all partners and owners. "ll thepartners usually have personal unlimited lia+ility for de+ts to

creditors. " sleepin# partner is a partner who invest money in apartnership +ut who does not run the +usiness. " sleepin# partner

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sometimes can have limited lia+ility his lia+ility is limited to theamount of money he invests0.

"ll the investors in a limited company have limited lia+ility.Investment in a limited company is in the form of shares. "

shareholder is everyone who +uys share in the company. ,helia+ility of shareholder is limited to the amount of his investment.If a person has shares in a company he is said to have a stake orholdin# in the company. If he holds 2 4 of the shares he has a24 stake. If a shareholder has more than a $ 4 holdin# he is ama5ority shareholder and he has a ma5ority or controllin# interestin the company.

" loan capital is capital that is +orrowed. " share capital or ane6uity capital is a capital that is o+tained from the investor or theinvestment. ,he ratio +etween the loan capital and the e6uitycapital determines whether a company has a hi#h #earin# or a low#earin#. " company which is hi#hly #eared has a hi#h proportionof a loan capital. " company which is low #eared hasproportionally more e6uity capital.

1. What is a capital ?

2. What can a person do if he does not have enou#h capital ?

3. What is the di7erence +etween partnership and sleepin#

partnership ?

. Who +uys shares in a company ?

$. What is the di7erence +etween loan capital and e6uity

capital ?

G8"//"8 9:;* ,: <- ,he nominal sentences with to +e are formed as follow

=0

I am an auditor

>ou are from Indonesia ,hey are share holdersWe are at the oceHe is an accountant*he is there

@0 I am

not

an auditor

>ou are from Indonesia

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not ,hey arenot

share holders

We arenot

at the oce

He isnot

an accountant

*he isnot

there

?0 am I an auditor ?are you from

Indonesia ?are they share holders ?are we at the oce ?is he an accountant ?Is she there ?

In 6uestions with to +e we put the form of the ver+ to be at the+e#innin# e.#.a. "m I a university student ?+. "re you a marketin# ocer ?c. Is he a #ood mana#er ?

"nd we should use the short form of to +e in answer e.#.a. "re you a sole trader ? >es I am A:, >es IBm0

+. Is he a teller ? >es *he is A:, >es sheBs0

In Wh@ 6uestions we use to +e as follow

What is your name ?are their 5o+s ?

Who is your mana#er ?are you ?

Where

is she from ?

are the Cles ?

D. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUE BY PUTTINGAPPROPRIATE TO BE.

1. " Is /r. Dones #oin# to #o to the +ank ? < >es EEEEEEEEE.. 2. " "re they #oin# to #o to main oce ? < Ao EEEEEEEEEE 3. " EEEEEEEE#oin# to #o to (ondon ? < >es I am

. " Is /aya always punctual ? < >es EEEEEEEEEE.

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$. " EEEEEEEE..+usy now ? < Ao they arenBt +usy now. ,hey are relaFin# now. %. " Why donBt you come to lunch with us? "renBt you

hun#ry?< EEEEEE.. I had a late +reakfast.

'. " o you see that woman over there the one in the +luedress? Is she /rs. 8o+ins?

< >es EEEEEEEE). " >ou look pale. WhatBs the matter? o you feel well?

< AoEEEEEEEE. I think I mi#ht comin# down withsomethin#.. " What are you doin# there? "renBt you supposed to +e inoce now?

< >es EEEEEEEEE.1. " ItBs almost meetin# time and you havenBt preparedanythin# since you came. "re you alri#ht?

< Ao EEEEEEEEE.. I am not feelin# well.

WORD CLASSES ,here are some kinds of word classes such as noun ad5ectivever+ and adver+.

1. NounAoun can +e divided into counta+le noun and uncounta+le nouna. ounta+le noun is noun which can +e counted e.#. director

creditor Cles+. ;ncounta+le noun is noun which cannot +e counted e.#.

water money happiness

Aoun can also +e divided into common noun proper nouna+stract noun and collective noun.a. common noun refers to the usual noun e.#. desk counter

computer0+. proper noun concerns the capital letter of personal names

names of country names of reli#ion names of unit e.#./onalisa "ustralia Islam0.

c. a+stract noun refers to the noun that cannot +e touched +utit can +e ima#ined e.#. sta+ility lia+ility0

d. collective noun refers to noun which consists of more than

one e.#. #roup division crowd sta7 team clu+0

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Aoun can +e formed from ad5ective ver+s and also othernouns. ,hey can +e formed +y addin# ness @ment @ity @dom@ship @ion @tion @ation @er ist or an @ance ence @hood @cse.#.

Happy happiness free freedom own @ owner"#ree a#reement partner partnership credit @creditor(ia+le lia+ility product production add @ addition"liate aliation report reporter type typist"r+itrate ar+itrator ma#ic ma#ician insure insuranceInterfere interference child childhood

2. Adj!"#$"d5ective is a word with a noun or other su+stances as a

modiCer to descri+e it or deCne it. ,here are siF kinds ofad5ective namely a. emonstrative ad5ective e.#. this that these those+. istri+utive ad5ective e.#. each every either or neitherc. Juantitative ad5ective e.#. some any no little or fewd. Interro#ative ad5ective e.#. which who or whosee. &ossessive ad5ective e.#. my your his or herf. Juality ad5ective e.#. lia+le accounta+le responsi+le

"d5ective can +e formed from nouns and ver+s. ,hey are

formed +y addin#

ous @ish @a+le i+le im @ant ent @ful @en @ ive ic al ar@in# @ed e.#. dangerous, selfsh, controllable, credible, impossible,assistant , skillul, strengthen, additive, scientifc, technical, muscular , budgeting,

%. &'(Ker+ is a word that eFpresses an action +ein# or state of +ein#. ,here are two types of ver+s +ased on tense ,hey are re#ularver+ and irre#ular ver+.

Ker+ can +e formed from noun and ad5ective. We form ver+ +yaddin#

a. en@ ac@ +e@ e.# enlar#e accredit +ehead0 +. en @iLe @ate @ify e.# smoothen computeriLedi7erentiate simplify0

. "dver+"dver+ is a word that modiCes a ver+ an ad5ective or anotheradver+. ,here are ei#ht kinds of adver+a. "dver+ of manner e.#. fast happily +eautifully

+. "dver+ of place e.#. here there a+roadc. "dver+ of time e.#. now soon today

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d. "dver+ of fre6uency e.#. always never oftene. "dver+ of certainty e.#. o+viously certainly deCnitelyf. "dver+ of de#ree e.#. almost enou#h rather#. "dver+ of interro#ative e.#. where or whyh. "dver+ of relativee.#. when

"dver+ can +e formed from noun ad5ective and ver+. /ostadver+ end in @lye.#. suddenly comforta+ly easily

E. WRITE THE NOUN) AD*ECTI&E) &ERB OR AD&ERB FROM THE

FOLLOWING WORDS.

Words Aoun "d5ective Ker+ "dver+1. possess2. lia+le

3 invest. ma5or$. control%. add'. assist).

techni6ue.

participate1. system

11. serve12. science

F. CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORDS.

1. ,hereBs an addition additional0 +onus if a salesman eFceedshis sales tar#et +y more than 1 4.

2. We need some Cnancial assistant assistance0 to ena+le us to+uy more stock.

3. We must economiLe economical0 on electricity so switch o7the li#hts after 11. p.m.

. ,he +ookkeeper keeps a record of every Cnance Cnancial0transaction.

$. In the ;.M. K", value added taF0 is a taF on #oods andserve service0.

%. ,he openin# of the +ankin# compleF will +e an importantcommerce commercial0 development for the re#ion.

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'. ,he mana#in# director prefers to leave Cnance Cnancial0a7airs to his accountant.

). -very company in our country is eFpected to contri+utetowards vocation vocational0 trainin#.

. When you retire early you may receive a discretion

discretionary0 payment from your employer.1. ,he new clerk was #iven some caution cautious0 advice

dealin# with customers who do not pay immediately.

G. FILL IN THE BLAN+S WITH CORRECT NOUNS) AD*ECTI&ES)&ERBS) OR AD&ERBS FROM THE PRO&IDED WORD .

1. We need to carry out his surveyEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEsystem0

2. (ast year &.,. Aurtanio sent itsseniorEEEEEEEEEEEEE..techni6ue0 to the ;nited*tates for an advanced study.

3. " mem+er ofEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE..participate0from several non@#overnment or#aniLation claim that theyhaveEEE.EEEEEEEEEEEstrate#y0 roles in thedevelopment of environmental policy.

. /any travel +ureaus areEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEencoura#e0 to promote an EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.a#riculture0 sites +ecause of some reasons.

$. Aot allEEEEEEEEEEEEE..science0 are honored in

their countries they sometimes live in poor condition.%. ,o operateEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.success0 a

company needs a +asic understandin# and appreciation of its+usiness environment.

'. &eople areEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE..particular0interested in theEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.active0 of multinational companies in poor and developin# countries.

). :ur customers asked us to pay our +ills on a EEEEEEEEmonth0 +asis.

. If you want cheap and EEEEEEEEEEEE.. a7ord0products you can +uy them at the discount supermarket.

1. <efore we can decide where you +uy our materials we re6uireas much EEEEEEEEEEE. statistic0 information as wecan #et on the suppliers.

11. (ast yearBs Cnancial results show that it was a veryEEEEEEEEEEEE. proCt0 one for the #roup.

12. We re6uire a EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE. system0description of all the companyBs orders since last ecem+er.

H. TRANSLATE THE PRE&IOUS TEXT FROM ENGLISH INTO

INDONESIAN,

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UNIT+1+COMPANY+FORMATION+revised.doc