UNIT+3+PRODUCTION+DEVELOPMENT+revised.doc

8/10/2019 UNIT+3+PRODUCTION+DEVELOPMENT+revised.doc

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UNIT 3PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

A. STARTING UP1. What is meant by product development?2. Why is product development important3. What will happen if the product is not perfect?

B. REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORDS IN THE TEXT WITH THEFOLLOWING WORDS WHICH HAVE SIMILAR MEANING.

a.achieve

d. aspects g. costly j. disliked

b.expenses

e.guarantee

h. origins k. permanent

c. present f. selsh i. settingup

l. stress

!n production and operations management" over the past fewdecades" there has been increasing #1$ emphasis on %uality" asdened by the consumer" in terms of features o&ered"appearance" reliability" durability" serviceability" and so on.

'n important concept has been (otal )uality *anagement #()*$"according to which management should ensure that %ualityextends throughout the organi+ation in everything it does" or atleast in all #2$ features of products and services that are importantto the customer. ,ather than aiming for the best %ualitycompatible with low unit costs" the company should aim for thehighest %uality level possible" because a lack of %uality can bemore #3$ expensive than achieving high %uality. 's the productiontheorist -hilip rosby puts it" %uality is free.

What he means is that there are many #/$ costs that result from

production that is not 100 perfect inspecting" testing"identifying the causes of defects" implementing corrective action"training of retraining personnel" redesigning a product or system"scrapping" reworking or repairing defective products" replacingproducts in accordance with a #$ warranty" dealing withcomplaint" losing customers or their goodwill" and so on. )ualitytheorists such as 4oseph 4uran" W.5. 6eming" and rosby haveshown that prevention is usually much cheaper than failures.5very extra dollar spent on prevention might save 7 10 spent oninspection and failure costs. 8urthermore" even if the #9$ current%uality level appears perfect" the company should still

continuously look for product improvement" and aim to be best inthe industry. ompanies should always engage in benchmarking.

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'lthough management is responsible for designing and #:$installing on overall system which excludes defects and low%uality" everyone within that system" in the entire supplier;producer;customer chain" should be responsible for %uality. !n

()*" every worker is a %uality inspector for his or her own work"trying to get it right the rst time" aiming for +ero defects. (hisapproach" often described as


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3. (he labor union made a list of theirCCC. 'boutmanagement policies

/. (o settle the dispute between the two parties"government should be fair and use the proper...........

. (he .... of (oyota will meet to discuss Dales

-romotion.

GRAMMAR FOCUS:PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

(he 8orm#E$

!FGouFWeF(hey have

bought a new product.

HeFDheF!t has gone (o IJ twice.

#;$!FGouFWeF(hey have not

nished the production yet.

HeFDheF!t has not done the report.

#?$Have !" you" we"

theysent him a

package?Has he" she" it made an

improvement?

We use present perfect tensea. to talk about past actions or events which are

completely nished.b. to express the idea or completion of the

actionsFevents or to talk about its results.c. time expressions for" since" all day" all my life"

recently" lately" so far" already" once " twice

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

#E$ !FGouFWeF(hey hav bee typing a new report.

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e nHeFDheF!t has bee

nclassifying

problems for anhour.

#;$ !FGouFWeF(he

y

have not been

thinking

of buying another product.

He" she" it has not been doing anything since she left herjob

#?$ Have !FyouFweFthey been

discussing the problems?

Has heFsheFit been

sorting the products?

We use the present perfect continuous tensea.to express actions or events which started in the past and are

continued until now.b.to emphasi+e the continuation of the activity.c. time expressions for" since" all day" all my life" all this year"

recently" lately" so far

To know o!" #$o%& &'" ()*"!"n+" $"&w""n ,!"-"n& ,"!"+&&"n-" #n( ,!"-"n& ,"!"+& +on&)n%o%- &"n-"/ ,#0 #&&"n&)on &o&'" o11ow)n2 -"n&"n+"-

#. The telephone (ring).four times at the office, and each time it has been forthe manager.

$. The telephone (ring)at the office for almost a minute. Why doesntsomeone anser it!

S"n&"n+" 4#5 -'o%1( $" "6,!"--"( $0 %-)n2 ,!"-"n&

,"!"+& &"n-" $"+#%-" &'" !)n2 o &"1",'on" )- completelyfnished. So &'" #n-w"! )-7

The telephone has rung four times at the oce, and each

time it has been for the manager. S"n&"n+" 4$5 -'o%1( $" "6,!"--"( $0 %-)n2 ,!"-"n&

,"!"+& +on&)n%o%- &"n-" $"+#%-" &'" !)n2 o &"1",'on"hasnt stopped yet until now.

The telephone has been ringing at the oce for almost aminute. Why doesnt someone answer it?

E. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES B8 CHANGING THE VERBS INTOPRESENT PERFECT TENSE OR PRESENT PERFECTCONTINUOUS TENSE.

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9. -roduction managerCC#check$ the employers for about an hour this morning. Koone is absent.

. @ur factory CCC#produce$ industrial goods since 200/. Kow it is still producing

then"3. ! CC..#read$ the

management book for two hours" so you can borrow it now.;. (he external audit

CC..#write$ the nancial report so far this week" so thedirector hasn=t been able to decide the new policy.

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UNIT+3+PRODUCTION+DEVELOPMENT+revised.doc