Upload
others
View
1
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
THE UN HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IS A HISTORIC, POWERFUL OPPORTUNITY FOR GLOBAL CHANGE
• TheUnitedNationsiscallingallMemberStatestoahigh-levelmeetingonthepreventionandcontrolofNon-communicableDiseases(NCDs),tobeheld19–20September2011inNewYorkCity.
• Thisoffersanunprecedentedopportunityforheadsofstateandotherworldleaderstodiscusstheprob-lemandhelpchangehowtheworldaddressesNCDs,theirriskfactorsanddeterminants.
• Thisisarareopportunityforactorsfromdifferentsectorstodiscussdevelopment,economicandhealthaspectsofNCDsfordevelopinganddevelopedcountrycontexts.
• Apoliticaldeclarationofcommitmentforamulti-sectorresponsetoNCDsisexpectedfromthishigh-levelmeeting.
NCDs AFFECT EVERYONE AND ARE A DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM THAT THREATENS THE MDGs
• NCDskillmorepeopleintheAmericasthananyothercauseofdeathandinflictgreatsocioeconomichardship,particularlyinpoorerpopulations.
• Tobaccouse,especiallyamongyouthsandincreasinglygirls,istheprincipalriskfactoraffectingtheNCDepidemicintheAmericas.
• Theriseintheprevalenceofobesity,especiallyamongchildren,willleadtoanincreaseinobesity-relateddiseasesandintheburdenofNCDs.
• Women,menandchildrenareaffecteddifferentlybyNCDsbecauseoftherolesthatbiology,gender,ethnicity,andtheenvironment,aswellassocialandeconomiccircumstances,playinshapinghealthandNCDs. Health statistics should be disaggregated and analyzed to understand these differences, andprevention,interventionandcareneedtotakeintoconsiderationthesevariedneedsandcircumstances.
• ThegrowingburdenofNCDsaffectsthepooranddisproportionatelywomen.Whereinterventionsareweakornon-existent,NCDsforcepeopleintopovertythroughhighout-of-pocketexpendituresfortreat-ment.Moreover,mostofthecareisunpaidandprovidedinthehome,predominantlybywomenwitheconomicconsequences.Thiswillsloworthreatenattainmentofthehealth-relatedMDGs.
NCDs REQUIRE A RESPONSE FROM ALL SECTORS, NOT JUST THE HEALTH SECTOR
• Thehealthsector,actingalone,cannotcurbtheNCDepidemic.Allsectorsofgovernmentandsocietymustworktogether.
• Actionisrequiredfromsectorsincludingeducation,media,agriculture,trade,transport,environment,urbanplanning,consumers,economicsandfinance.
• Governments,civilsocietyandtheprivatesectorallplayimportantrolesincreatinghealthyenvironmentsandmakinghealthychoicesavailabletoconsumers.ThustheyallneedtobeengagedinthedialogueonNCDstoidentifymutuallybeneficialsolutionstotogetherpreventandmanagechronicdiseases.
SUCCESS AGAINST NCDs IS POSSIBLE, AND PREVENTION IS KEY
• PreventingtheprimaryriskfactorsofNCDs,namelytobaccouse,poordiets,harmfuluseofalcoholandphysicalinactivity,isatopprioritytoreversetherisingtrendsinNCDs.
• Preventionisnotonlyaboutindividualbehaviorchangebutalsoaboutestablishingsustainableandsys-temicchangesinpolicies,physicalandsocialenvironmentsandhealthservicestopromotehealthandwell-being.
• Schools,workplaces,andcommunitysettingscanserveasplacestocreatehealthyenvironmentsandpromotehealthybehaviors,forexample,byofferinghealthyfoodsandprovidingincentivesforphysicalactivity.
• LegislationandregulationsarealsoneededtoprotectpeoplefromtherisksthatcauseNCDs.Devel-opingcountriesaresofttargetsandeasymarkets,andmanyneedbasicregulatorycapacityforhealth-promotingpolicies.
• PriorityNCDstrategiesinclude:
TOBACCO REDUCTION,byacceleratingimplementationoftheWHOFrameworkConventiononTo-baccoControl,whichincludestaxation,restrictionsonmarketingandsalesoftobaccoproducts,aswellasbanningsmokinginpublicplaces.
IMPROVE DIETS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY,throughpoliciesthatpreventobesity,promotehealthylivingandencourageconsumptionofmorefruitsandvegetablesandlessprocessedfoodshighinfat,saltandsugar.
SALT REDUCTION,throughfoodproductreformulationandpublicawareness,toimprovepreventionandcontrolofhypertension.
REDUCE HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL,includingthroughtaxationandregulationsonalcoholpro-motionandmarketing.
IMPROVE CARE AND ESSENTIAL DRUGS AND TECHNOLOGIES, includingmultidrugcombina-tionandoralhypoglycemicsforcardiovasculardisease,insulinfordiabetes,off-patentdrugsforcancertreatment,andHPV(HumanPapilomaVirus)vaccinesforcervicalcancerprevention.
KEY MESSAGES ON NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | WWW.PAHO.ORG | [email protected]
A STRONGER HEALTH SYSTEM IS ESSENTIAL AND WILL BENEFIT ALL ASPECTS OF HEALTH CARE
• Healthsystemstrengtheningisvitaltoprovidelong-term,continuousandhigh-qualitycareforpersonswithchronicconditions.
• Primaryhealthcareservicescanbestrengthenedtoprovidescreening,earlydetection,and follow-upcareforpersonswithchronicconditions,aswellascounselingandcommunitysupporttoreducerisksandmaintainhealth.
• StrengtheningprimarycareforNCDscancreatesynergieswithimprovedcareforpersonslivingwithHIV/AIDS,TB,andmalariaandwithchildandmaternalhealth.
• Healthservicesneedto involveandtake intoconsiderationtheneedsofthevariouspopulationsandcommunities, recognizing, forexample, theneed forgender-sensitive careandculturally appropriateservices.
ACTION IS URGENTLY NEEDED NOW. NCDs ARE COSTLY AND, AS THE EPIDEMIC KEEPS RISING, WILL BECOME A MAJOR ECONOMIC ISSUE FOR COUNTRIES AND FAMILIES
• NCDsdriveupthecostsofhealthcareatanunsustainablerateandforcepeopleintopoverty.Preventionandcost-effectivetreatmentarekeystoensuringthathealthsystemscansupportpeoplelivinglonger,healthierlives.
• TheNCDsepidemicalreadystretchesfarbeyondthecopingcapacitiesoflower-incomecountries.With-outurgentaction,therisingfinancialburdenofthesediseaseswillreachlevelsbeyondthemeansofevenwealthycountries.
THE NCD BURDEN IN THE AMERICAS
• THE LEADING NCDS IN THE REGION ARE:
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE • CANCER • DIABETES • CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE
• DEATHS:
3.9 MILLION PEOPLEintheAmericasdieannuallyfromNCDs,accountingfor76% OF ALL DEATHS.
thanofthesedeathsarepremature(peopleunder70)AND LARGELY PREVENTABLE.
TheoverallportionofwomenandmendyingfromNCDsisequal,yetMANY MORE MEN DIE PREMATURELY.
• KEY DRIVERS FOR THE NCD PROBLEM IN OUR REGION ARE: URBANIZATION • POPULATION GROWTH • CHANGES IN AGE STRUCTURE • LIFESTYLES ThishasleadtoanepidemiologictransitioninwhichNCDshaveovertakeninfectiousandotherdiseasesasleadingcausesofdeath.
• RISK FACTORS:
TheAmericasregionischaracterizedbysomeofthehighestratesofobesity,with50–60% OF ADULTS CONSIDERED OVERWEIGHT OR
OBESE, puttingthemathigherriskforNCDs.
TheregionisalsocharacterizedbyHIGH RATES OF SMOKING,
ESPECIALLY IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS, amongwhomratesnowexceedthoseforboysinmanycountries.
NCDs AND MDGs
NCDS THREATEN THE ATTAINMENT OF GLOBALLY ENDORSED DEVELOPMENT TARGETS SUCH AS THE MDGS. Someexamplesinclude:
• MDG 1 ON POVERTY AND NUTRITION: TheNCDepidemicisgrowingfasterinpoorcountriesandpoorercommunities.
• MDG 4 ON REDUCING CHILD MORTALITY: Tobaccousebymothersincreasesthechancesoflowbirthweight;infantswhosemotherssmokeweighonaverage200gramslessthaninfantsofnon-smokingmothers.
• MDG 1 ON NUTRITION AND MDG 5 ON IMPROVING MATERNAL HEALTH: Moneyspentontobacco,alcoholuse,andcostlyout-of-pocketexpenditureonmedicinesforchronicdiseasesmeanslessmoneyavailableforfeedingchildren.
• MDG 5 ON IMPROVING MATERNAL HEALTH: Tobacco,obesityanddiabetescreatehigh-riskconditionsforpregnantwomen.
• MDG 6 ON HIV/AIDS, TB AND MALARIA: SomepeoplewithdiabetesareatanincreasedriskofcontractingTB.HIV/AIDSisassociatedwithhigherratesofsometypesofcancer.
• MDG 8 ON PARTNERSHIPS: Onlyone-thirdofNCDessentialmedicinesareavailableinpublichealthfacilitiesindevelopingcountries.
KEY MESSAGES ON NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES | WWW.PAHO.ORG | [email protected]