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United Nations Development ProgrammeCountry: Senegal
PROJECT DOCUMENTProject Title: Technology Transfer: Typha-based Thermal Insulation Material
Production in SenegalUNDAF Outcome(s): Development of small and medium business generate incomes for the benefit of vulnerable people
UNDP Strategic Plan Environment and Sustainable Development Primary Outcome: Mainstreaming environment and energy
UNDP Strategic Plan Secondary Outcome: Mobilizing environmental financing
Expected CP Outcome(s): Local Economic Development and sustainable development
Expected CPAP Output (s): Environment and sustainable development
[Project Components]: (1) Sustainable Typha management; (2) Transfer of typha raw material processing technology; (3) Development of local production (4) Transfer of bio-climatic and energy efficient building technology; (5) Typha-based building materials application demonstrations; (6) Marketing and dissemination.
Executing Entity/Implementing Partner: Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés (DEEC)
Implementing Entity/Responsible Partners: Ministry of Environment
Brief Description
The project goal is to facilitate the development in Senegal of a local production of thermal insulation material based on Typha. It targets the improvement of energy efficiency in both rural and urban building techniques.
A research-development component will create the conditions for a transfer of thermal insulation material production technologies: products will be tailored to the local building context, materials and constraints; pilot projects will demonstrate the usability of these products; awareness will be raised among relevant national stakeholders in the construction and training courses will be set for the nation-wide dissemination of the product ; necessary accompanying measures for a large diffusion of the technologies and use of the products, such as regulatory and incentive frameworks, will be analyzed.
The pertinence of the project relies upon intense synergies with other initiatives and projects aiming at promoting in Senegal bioclimatic housing to improve the conditions of life of a wide range of population including the poorest, establishing new regulation making compulsory a change in building practices, and raising concern among local governments and communities for sustainable development and investment in new climate change management strategies.
The project will contribute to improve the general comfort in housing in a Sahelian country, to reduce electricity consumption for air-conditioning and related CO2 emissions, and generate decentralized employment opportunities.
Programme Period: 2012-2016Atlas Award ID: TBDProject ID: TBDPIMS # 4315Start date: Oct 2012End Date Sept 2016Management Arrangements NEXPAC Meeting Date TBD
Total resources required (total project fund) Total allocated resources (UNDP managed funds)
- Regular (UNDP TRAC) - GEF
Other (partner managed sources)• Government • Private sector• Multilateral & NGO
$7,6447,884$2,200,000
$200,000$2,000,000
$2,095310$2,372974$979,600
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Agreed by (Government):
Date/Month/Year
Agreed by (Executing Entity/Implementing Partner):
Date/Month/Year
Agreed by (UNDP):
Date/Month/Year
2
Table of Contents
SECTION I: Elaboration of the Narrative.......................................................................................................7
PART I: Situation Analysis...........................................................................................................................7
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................7
Context and global significance............................................................................................................8
Typha as a Building material..............................................................................................................14
Barriers Analysis.................................................................................................................................16
Stakeholder analysis............................................................................................................................20
Baseline analysis.................................................................................................................................26
PART II: Strategy........................................................................................................................................28
Project Rationale and Policy Conformity...........................................................................................28
Partners and Co-financing...................................................................................................................34
Project Goal, Objective, Outcomes and Outputs/activities.................................................................40
Project Indicators................................................................................................................................52
Assumptions and Risks.......................................................................................................................53
Incremental reasoning and expected global, national and local benefits............................................57
Cost-effectiveness...............................................................................................................................57
Project consistency with national priorities/plans:..............................................................................59
Country Ownership: Country Eligibility and Country Drivenness.....................................................60
Sustainability and Replicability..........................................................................................................60
PART III: Management Arrangements.....................................................................................................62
Implementation Arrangements............................................................................................................62
Project Management............................................................................................................................63
PART IV: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan and Budget..........................................................................67
Monitoring and reporting....................................................................................................................67
Independent Evaluation.......................................................................................................................70
PART V: Legal Context...............................................................................................................................74
SECTION II: STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK (SRF) AND GEF INCREMENT.....................75
PART I: Strategic Results Framework, SRF (formerly GEF Logical Framework) Analysis...............75
Part II: Incremental Cost Analysis.............................................................................................................86
Baseline trend of development and key baseline programs................................................................86
SECTION III: Total Budget and Work plan.................................................................................................87
Budget and Work plan........................................................................................................................87
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Budget explicative notes.....................................................................................................................92
Overview of Inputs from Technical Assistance Consultants..............................................................96
Prices used for the evaluation of project’s budget..............................................................................97
Project Annexes..............................................................................................................................................100
Annex A. Terms of References for key project staff...............................................................................100
ANNEX B - CO2 Emission Savings Calculation......................................................................................107
Annex C - References.................................................................................................................................110
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Acronyms
ANEV Agence Nationale Ecovillages (National Ecovillages Agency)
APIX Agence national de Promotion des Investissements (National Agency for Investment Promotion)
ASEM Association Sénégalaise de l’Education Moderne (Senegalese Association for Modern Education)
AVN Association La Voûte Nubienne (Nubian Vault Association)
BAD Banque Africaine de Développement (African Development Bank)
BHS Banque de l’Habitat du Sénégal (Senegalese Bank of Housing and Construction)
CC Climate Change
CEREEQ Centre Expérimental de Recherche et d’Etude pour l’Equipement (Reseach Center for building constructions)
CRSL Conseil Régional de Saint-Louis (Saint-Louis Region Council)
DEEC Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés (Direction of Environment)
DPN Direction des Parcs Nationaux (Direction of National Parks)
ECREEE ECOWAS Regional Center for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency
EE Energy Efficiency
FICR Fédération Internationale de la Croix Rouge et du Croissant Rouge (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent)
GEF Global Environment Facility
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GLPSSM Groupe de Laboratoires de Physique des Solides et Science des Matériaux de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (Group of Laboratories for Physics and Materials Science, University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar)
IST Institut des Sciences de la Terre (Institute of Earth Science)
METERBAT Maitrise de l’Energie et Technologies d’Energie Renouvelable dans le Bâtiment (Ministry of Energy)
OMVS Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur du fleuve Sénégal (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River)
PERACOD Programme pour Electrification Rurale et l’Approvisionnement en Combustibles Domestiques (Program for Rural Electrification and Domestic Fuel Supply)
PGIAAPO Projet de Gestion Intégrée des Adventices Aquatiques Envahissantes en Afrique de l’Ouest (Integrated Management of Invasive Aquatic Species in West Africa)
PRI Politique de Redéploiement Industriel (Industrial Redeployment Policy)
RE Renewable Energy
SAED Société d’Aménagement et d’Exploitation du Delta (Society of Senegal Delta River Exploitation and Development)
SEBTPS Syndicat Professionnel des Entrepreneurs du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics du Sénégal (Building and Construction Professional Union)
SNBTP Syndicat National du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics (Building and Construction
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National Union)
Teq Ton equivalent
UCAD Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar)
UN HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
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SECTION I: Elaboration of the Narrative
PART I: Situation Analysis
INTRODUCTION
While the electricity sector faces a dramatic crisis in Senegal, up to 30% of the total electricity supply – mostly produced from fossil fuels - is consumed in the building sector due to inefficiency of un-insulated cement, modern practices and construction styles that are inappropriate to local climate, and unavailability of affordable thermal insulation materials, which consequently make necessary the use of electric air-conditioning equipment to achieve a minimal level of comfort.
The energy sector in Senegal generates 95% of national CO2 emissions and 49% of total CO2eq emissions, of which 61% is generated by the building sub-sector, which therefore presents the most important potential of reductions of emissions for Senegal.1.
Actual control strategy of Typha invasion is focused on its eradication on target priority areas. Maintaining access to water for irrigation is a priority and is managed as an emergency: there is no significant initiative for the valorization of the extracted material. Otherwise, Typha represents on a long term a potential of 200,000 tons/year of dry matter which can constitute a valuable resource for the energy sector at various levels (as fuel for domestic uses and electricity production, as biochar, and as constructing material improving building energy efficiency).
In order to allow sustainable investment for the valorization of this important resource, it is essential to elaborate a comprehensive environmental management strategy at regional level, which will promote synergies between actors rather than pure competition to access the resource, to the benefit of a sustainable local development.
In order to improve energy efficiency in buildings, two complementary approaches can be implemented:
Production of Typha blocks could be implemented at an accessible scale for small local entrepreneurs. Their promotion as cheap, resistant and comfortable building material, would contribute to rehabilitate the image of traditional housing and improve local know-how.
The introduction of a Typha-based thermal insulation material in the modern building sector is a promising issue, which can lead to establishing an industrial production line of high quality, standardized products such as insulation panels and wall elements.
One of the challenges will be to reveal Typha as a real asset of the Saint-Louis region, in which it is economically and socially worth to invest. This can be achieved through:
Rehabilitating the image of traditional housing by the promotion of affordable, locally made, improved building materials, and by the promotion of new architectural designs based on the use of formed Typha concrete as it has been successfully done with hemp in North America or Europe. Such approach will result in strong synergies between local traditional and modern urban building sectors.
Allowing all actors concerned with Typha control to benefit from all the components of the project and then raise a large willingness to contribute to its success.
The design of a modular, decentralized process which can be accessible for national investors with a production scale that will allow commercializing products at competitive prices.
The project will act as an incubator, raising interest of national investors in the investment of such
1 Communication nationale du Sénégal, 2010
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facility, and accompanying them to develop it progressively at a sustainable scale. It will contribute to the elaboration of a new regulation framework, which must encourage the use of local insulating materials, including technical norms, fiscal and financial incentives. The project will raise awareness for replication in other West African countries which face similar challenges concerning electricity supply, building efficiency and Typha (e.g. Mauretania, Mali, Niger, and Northern Nigeria).
CONTEXT AND GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE
The building sector Cement is omnipresent in all types of buildings. Another domestic material is based on recycled scrap iron. Metals of higher quality and all other building materials are imported and therefore quite expensive. Being located at the edge of the Sahelian zone, there is in particular a lack of local re-growing materials, such as wood. Exploitable forest stands do not exist. Wood, resp. timber for constructional use is imported and therefore expensive, making each simple canopy for shading a terrace to an upscale investment.
Contemporary standard constructions consist of concrete skeleton structures, largely glazed or filled with (non-bearing) concrete bricks. Roofs are normally flat. Steep roofs are only seen in ancient structures, thus colonial buildings, or in form of corrugated sheet roofs of simple dwellings in suburban and rural areas.
The actual town is a land-consumptive agglomeration of singular detached buildings with an enormous total surface, often largely glazed, without constructional heat protection and fully equipped with electric air-conditioning. This basic attitude has not been changed up to now.
Heat insulation of flat roofs is at the very beginning. The used insulation materials are normally standard light-weight products in form of rock wool, glass wool or polystyrene, mostly imported from Europe. The usual price is more than the double of the European one. Therefore it's barely used apart from upscale administration buildings for banks and similar institutions. Even there it's applied in very thin layers which do not seem to justify the total outlay. However, it has to be taken as an advantage that there are already Senegalese companies who can deal with the integration of heat insulation into the entire roof system, especially the waterproofing layer. This is not applicable for the facades.
Besides of the price, the available insulation materials should be considered critical with regard to the physical properties, the raw materials and the energy consumption of the production process. Polystyrene, glass wool and rock wool are light materials without considerable heat capacity. They are limitedly qualified to provide summer heat protection in the particular climate, it is to say only in combination with the massive concrete, hence as a supplementary layer. As they lose insulation capacity when being moist, the requirements on the waterproofing layer and its junctions are high, technically complex and costly. These circumstances reduce once again the technical and economic feasibility of an ample application. Additionally, polystyrene is a petrol-based product and the production of both, rock wool and glass wool is very energy consumptive.
Complementary sun protection and heat protection strategies such as shading and natural ventilation are not yet established in contemporary building. There are some forms of traditional building, e.g. the double layered grass roofs of the southern province Casamance, which are high-performing concerning their very principle, but no longer compatible to the requirements of modern lifestyle. A translation of traditional strategies into modern forms of application has not been implemented. Outstanding European examples of summer heat protection are rare, too.
In rural areas energy consumption of buildings is not yet a first-ranking problem. The daily routine takes place open-air. Rooms are only used for sleeping. They are naturally dark, with small openings covered by tissues and permanently ventilated. However, it is foreseeable that lifestyle will change in the rural areas, too, that there will be need of applicable strategies of sustainable life & construction, too. Nevertheless, also in rural areas there is a momentary waste of resources related to the building
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sector: Because of the unavailable costs for formworks many private projects remain uncompleted and stop beneath the first ceiling. Altogether, these uncompleted projects occupy a considerable area of valuable land which is not sealed and not exploitable any more.The population of Senegal had increased for 22% since December 2002, from nearly 10 Million people in 2002 to nearly 12.2 Millions in 2010. The population of the region Dakar, including the capital Dakar and the industrial zone until Rufisque, has increased from 2.27 Million in 2002 to 2.74 Million in 2010, viz. for 21%. The highest increment is noted on the northern horizontal axis Dakar-Diourbel-Matam with +35% in Diourbel and +35% in Matam.2
As a consequence there is a brisk building activity, striving rather for quantity with a fixed minimum or average standard than for outstanding quality or autonomous ecological solutions. There are large governmental programs, actually run under the title "Une famille, un toi" ["One family, one roof"], which are often focused on the maximum of housing units at the lowest price possible and therefore located in zones which are hardly provided with any infrastructure3. Private housing on an upscale level offers more infrastructural security and comfort, but is constructed in the same conceptual frame of mass production in a neutral, "international", pseudo-developed style.Alternative approaches are still rare but emerging. An example is the cooperative "Kër Garab", composed of Senegalese developers, real estate and construction companies, supported by French organizational structures and financial means, with the aim to build an integrated, sustainable housing area with 2.200 housing units for the lower middle class on a 130 ha plot in Thiès, the second largest city in Senegal.
Electricity Sector in SenegalSupported by rapid demographic and economic growth (2.7% and 5.1% in 2010 respectively), Senegal’s electricity consumption has increased by 7% during 2005-2009, reaching 2.66 TWh in 2009. This raise in the electricity demand has worsened the chronic production gap faced by SENELEC, the National Power Utility Company managing the 633 MW installed capacity, mainly produced by aging diesel and gas power plants. The systematic electricity outages are being held responsible for dramatic consequences on the national economy, such as a significant decrease in the GDP growth rate, the bankruptcy of many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food processing, textile and tourism sectors, and declines in output averaging 30% for larger companies.
Similar developments in the electricity sector can be observed in other countries of West Africa. The electricity systems in West Africa are facing tremendous challenges due to the growing gap between predicted demand, existing supply capacities and limited capital to invest. An analysis undertaken by the World Bank Group in 19 different developing countries revealed that the loss of blackouts ranged between 2% and 10% of annual electricity sales. Power shortages involve high costs for the supplier but also the customers. One study estimates the average costs of power outages in Sub Sahara Africa at around 2.1% of its GDP. The losses of companies in the formal sector through not realized sales and damaged equipment are estimated at 6% of their turnover. In the informal sector the losses reach 16%. Private households and companies need to invest in alternative decentralized backup systems such as diesel generators which are costly to maintain.Senegal is currently facing severely dampened industrial and economic development due to power production shortfalls and the poor quality of electricity supply. For the past several years, the Government has been trying to reduce power shortages, without any success so far. As a result of financial over-commitment, volatile fuel prices and outdated installations, the whole of Senegal’s energy sector has found itself in distress. Additionally, recurrent power shortages seem to have led many small and medium enterprises to bankruptcy. Larger companies and administration have been relying on diesel generators and have also reported serious declines in production output.The National Power Utility Company, SENELEC, like numerous power companies in Africa, is facing difficulties to keep up with electricity demand. Its effective power peak is currently around 407
2 www.citypopulation.de/Senegal_d.html 3 M. SECK: "NAMORA construit sans électricité, ni eau ni voirie: La Diaspora déserte la Cité de Wade", 10. May 2010, www.lobservateur.sn
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MW4 (relative to an installed grid capacity of 512 MW in 2008)5 and expected to reach 600 MW by 2012 and to exceed 1.000 MW by 2020. A striking fact is that more than half of the electric power fed into the grid is produced by diesel generators (54%), followed by gas turbines (20%) and vapor turbines (15%). Only 12% are based on renewable energies (hydroelectricity / Manantali dam, Senegal River, Mali). As a consequence of this particular mix, the CO2 equivalent is 0.7 t/MWh.6
Figure 1 - Senegalese Energy Mix concerning production
Increasing fossil fuel import dependency, shortages and fluctuating fossil fuel prices are major concerns of West African countries and require a diversification of sources. Over 60% of the ECOWAS electricity generation capacity is running on oil products. In some countries such as Cape Verde even more than 90% of the electricity generation is satisfied by diesel and heavy oil generation plants.
Energy Inefficiency in the Building Sector In West Africa, 25 to 30% of the total electricity supply is consumed in the building sector, mainly due to two reasons. On the one hand, we have the locally produced un-insulated cement is significantly inefficient and is virtually the only building material currently used for new constructions in Senegal. On the other hand, and complementary to the latter, the massive use of air-conditioners which are estimated to consume in urban areas more than 60% of the total electric supply, provoking countrywide shortages. Modern practices in the building sector are also responsible for this situation: most constructions adopt common international styles inappropriate to the climatic conditions of Senegal, such as concrete skeleton structures, largely glazed, without specific constructional heat protection. In such buildings, an electric air-conditioning equipment is required to achieve a minimal level of comfort.
Additionally, thermal insulation materials are hardly ever used in the building sector in Senegal. Besides the fact that this is no common practice in the Senegalese building tradition, this mainly results from the absence of local thermal insulation materials on the Senegalese market. The only thermal insulation materials currently available are synthetic products imported from Europe such as
4 www.senelec.sn 5 Loss-of-mains is about 21,2 % [source: Senegalese Energy Information System, www.sie-energie.gouv.sn]; Austria’s comparative value: 4,8% [Austrian environmental umbrella organization, www.umweltdachverband.at]6 Comparative value Germany: 0,56-0,6 t/MWh
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polystyrene or stone wool, but their price remain prohibitive to become affordable and widespread. Today, there is a need in Senegal for effective, thermally efficient and affordable building materials.
Raising electricity demand is mainly driven by a dynamic construction sector. Air conditioning is being generalized while buildings are designed without thermal considerations. In 2007 the portion of air-conditioning and ventilation in the electricity consumption was about 25% or 195,000 MWh in both, private households and business. Another notable load is the portion of power consumption for daytime illumination. For the commercial buildings, the portion of daytime illumination was about 16% or 130,000 MWh in 2007 [see figure below], being a direct consequence of lacking sun protection in addition to lacking heat protection, too.
Overall, at least 33% of the total electric power consumption (corresponding to an annual CO2 equivalent of 225,000 t CO2/year) is related to inefficient building (air-conditioning, ventilation and electric daytime illumination of thermally unprotected buildings).
The production of electricity from fossil-fuels is responsible for GHG emissions leading to climate change, which threatens the economy of the country as well. A drastic shift in the production and management of electricity is therefore required for Senegal to improve its supply and cover the raising energy demand in the future while mitigating climate change. This challenge is the main driver for the promotion of renewable energy and energy efficiency.
While the electricity sector faces a dramatic crisis in Senegal, up to 30% of the total electricity supply – mostly produced from fossil fuels - is consumed in the building sector due to inefficiency of un-insulated cement, modern practices and construction styles that are inappropriate to local climate, and unavailability of affordable thermal insulation materials, which consequently make necessary the use of electric air-conditioning equipment to achieve a minimal level of comfort.
Typha invasion along the Senegal RiverThe ecosystem of the regions crossed by the Senegal river, a 1,800 km long lifeline in the Sahel shared by four countries (Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania and Mali), is today damaged by Typha, a harmful invasive weed blocking irrigation canals and the physical access to water, and thus threatening food and water security of the local populations.
The massive development of Typha along the Senegal River dates back to the early 1970s when the
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Figure 2: Electric power consumption in Senegal 2007, countrywide averaged; the part of climatization and daytime illumination in urban areas is to take much higher (source Senelec)
Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) issued a management plan including the construction of a hydro power dam in Senegal and a salt water edge at the mouth of the Senegal river. These developments eventually interfered with the ecosystem and caused the proliferation of individual species, especially Typha, whose uncontrolled spread is today estimated to cover an area of 140,000 hectares (with a growth rate of circa 10% per year).
Typha has become a major threat for biodiversity in the Djoudj National Park.
Figure 3: Typha invasion in Senegal river delta (SAED/OMVS)
Besides the damages on the environment, this invasion has also serious consequences on the livelihood and health of the local population, more easily affected by illnesses such as bilharziosis, and malaria.
Several national and international programs aiming at reducing and controlling in the long term the Typha spread have been launched in the last years, in particular the program "Projet de Gestion Intégrée des Adventices Aquatiques Proliférantes en Afrique de l’Ouest" (PGIAAPAO) initiated by the Government of Senegal.
Critical target areas have been identified for a one-time mechanical removal of Typha, followed by a participatory management of the cleared areas by the local population. To this end, village communities have been equipped with small boats and tools to weed manually Typha progressively as it starts growing again.
The initial removal of Typha in an invaded area by cutting or pulling out is basically impossible manually and needs specific and expensive machinery, generating enormous expenses and thousands of tons of unused biological ‘waste’.
Regional research work aims at identifying biological enemies of Typha, to adapt them to the local environment and develop them at a level where they could, as it has already successfully been achieved with Salivinia Mollesta sp, stop Typha growth and reproduction.
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Actual control strategy of Typha invasion is focused on its eradication on target priority areas. Maintaining access to water for irrigation and preserving biodiversity in the Djoudj National Park are priority and are managed as emergencies: there is no significant initiative for the valorisation of the extracted material.
Typha, a potential for sustainable developmentThe objective of current Typha eradication projects is to reduce the surface it occupies from 140,000 ha to 30-40.000 ha. With a productivity of 6 to 8 tons/year, about 200,000 tons/year of dry matter is expected to be available in the long term.
Although Typha is currently a nuisance, it might become in a next future a valuable source of renewable fuel through various emerging technologies (biogas, bio-fuel, carbonization, electricity, etc.) that are expected to start within the next years and to consume important volumes of Typha. The three following target sectors will be in competition for this new resource:
Domestic fuel :
o Production of biomass charcoal from Typha, to be used as domestic fuel (briquettes) or as soil amendment (biochar) in the Saint-Louis region has already started but this activity only represents a valorization of approximately 1,000 tons/year of Typha. With a conversion rate of 1/3, 200,000 tons of Typha would be transformed into 65,000 t of charcoal (15% of national consumption of 400,000 tons/year wood charcoal) at a cost in a range of 70-90 FCFA/kg (Henning 2002). A first unit installed by ProNatura project in Ross Bethio has a production capacity of 1,000 tons/year of Typha charcoal.
o The JADE7 project, financed by the World Bank Development Market place has evaluated the feasibility of transformation of invading weeds into pellet fuel at Ross Bethio (2009).
Electricity generation : in March 2009, SENELEC announced the realization of a 30 MW electricity power station based in Ross Bethio, representing about 5% of the actual productive capacity of SENELEC. The project, promoted by SGI Senegal, is supported by the Swiss government through its REPIC8 platform, represents and investment of 20 billion FCFA and will need 135,000 tons of Typha or rice husk annually when it has reached full production capacity. The project will be operated by Bioenergy Senegal SA, who signed a purchase contract with SENELEC in June 2010 and requested to be attributed an area of 10,000 ha of Typha.
Energy efficiency in buildings : cement consumption in Senegal was of 2.3 Mt in 2007, and is estimated to reach 3 to 3.5 Mt in 2012; if the promotion of Typha as a building material would result in a substitution of only 5% of cement consumption with an equivalent weight of Typha, the building sector would then be able to absorb 150,000 tons/year of Typha material.
Typha represents on a long term a potential of 200,000 tons/year of dry matter which can constitute a valuable resource for the energy sector at various levels (as fuel for domestic uses and electricity production, as biochar, and as constructing material improving building energy efficiency).
In order to allow sustainable investment for the valorization of this important resource, it is essential to elaborate a comprehensive environmental management strategy at regional level, which will promote synergies between actors rather than pure competition to access the resource, to the benefit of a sustainable local development.
7 Project by Canadian NGO S3IC in partnership with Senegalese farmer association ASESCAW8 Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Promotion in International Cooperation
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TYPHA AS A BUILDING MATERIAL
The Senegalese climate is qualified to profit from given day-to-night differences in temperature and thereby to retard and decrease the temperature peak inside a building during day by an appropriate heat accumulation capacity (specific heat) of its walls, which can be obtained by using materials with high specific heat and low thermal transfer.
There is a wide spectrum of promising Typha products as building material: composites with cement or earth (e.g., bricks, roof panels), panels for heat/cold insulation, beams and fences, carved shaped elements for traditional housing, roof and walls, etc.
Typha blocksA large quantity of Typha can become available from eradication activities, but existing mechanical methods result in a very muddy biomass that may not be usable as raw material for all aforementioned building materials based on Typha. The profitability of the production unit will therefore depend on the cost of the biomass supply in a quantity and quality that meet the requirements for the envisaged end products.
Two existing methods for the production of Typha-based building and/or insulation materials have been identified, with very different properties and requirements: an artisanal process on the one hand, allowing muddy Typha to be used as raw material, and a semi-industrial process on the other hand, where Typha has to be dry and clean.
The artisanal process9 was discovered in Ross Bethio, where insulating panels as well as Typha “bricks” with poor quality Typha were produced. After several years, a wall built with Typha blocks has proven resistant to rain and to the flooding that affected Ross Bethio during last raining season.
The semi-industrial process10 was designed to produce Typha blocks, whereby clean and dry leaves of Typha are put lengthwise in a prefabricated box and sprayed by a gluey component (which can be extracted from Typha rhizome). The box is located on a conveyer belt which moves forwards. Layer after layer, dry Typha leaves are put into the box and sprayed till a height of 2 meters is reached. A block of two meters height is pressed to a height of 1 meter. The width of the box is 1 meter; its length is 1 meter too. The result is therefore a block with the dimensions of 1x1 meter and a length of 2 meters. Before the completion of the drying process, plywood is put over and under the block and sealed with it. The block can then be transported to any location and treated there. It can be sliced however at the spot in any dimension of thickness, depending on its further application. For insulation applications it should have 10 cm thickness at the most.
The investment to establish a small local factory and experimental lab has been estimated at about 200,000 USD. Such enterprise would generate local employment and its products could target rural housing market.
Production of Typha blocks could be implemented at an accessible scale for small local entrepreneurs. Their promotion as cheap, resistant and comfortable building material, would contribute to rehabilitate the image of traditional housing and improve local know-how.
9 Francis Dubois, 2006 10 Rolf-p. Owsianowski, 2006
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Typha CementTechnology for the production of thermal insulation material from Typha has already been developed and validated in Europe, using Typha (Typha latifolia and Typha angustifolia) imported from Romania combined with cement. Such technology could be transferred to local Senegalese partners in order to develop an agro-industrial process to produce insulation material for the construction sector and adapted to the characteristics of local Typha Australis.
The combination of multiple elements of different density, bearing strength and insulation capacity allows to create entire wall and roof systems. In particular, the combination of the porous plant Typha and the massive cement results in very convenient thermal properties, namely a low thermal conductivity [λ~0.05-0.06 W/(m.K)] and a high specific heat [c~1,600 J/(kg.K)].
These features allow the creation of very efficient heat insulation ²materials, which can be easily adjusted to specific building constraints through the variation of their relative proportions in the final material. Combination of Typha and cement then allows efficient summer heat protection in all climates with significant day-to-night differences in temperature which is a given factor in Senegal and the entire Sahelian and Soudano-Sahelian zone.
Two basic elements can be produced at industrial scale: An insulation panel for the thermal insulation of flat roofs in new and ancient constructions
and for the rehabilitation of ancient concrete constructions. A wall element (brick or prefabricated wall sheets) used to build homogeneous walls or wall
fields with optimized heat inertia and compliant to the local climate.
These products would provide the basis of further promising Typha-cement materials ranging from formworks to strong panels, columns and beams which can be both assembled on site or prefabricated.
Such products could be certified to comply with thermal insulation international standards. In particular, the thermal insulation materials will have to meet the newly formulated national energy efficiency standards that should be issued in the next years in Senegal.
The introduction of a Typha-based thermal insulation material in the modern building sector is a promising issue, which can lead to establishing an industrial production line of high quality, standardized products such as insulation panels and wall elements.
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BARRIERS ANALYSIS
Awareness and Information Barriers
Typha blocks for improved traditional know-how
Energy inefficient behaviour still widely prevails in the Senegalese building sector. This is mainly due to traditional careless behaviour and lack of awareness on EE issues from the building professionals to the building end owners. Even simple behavioural changes to improve the efficiency of using energy are massively ignored by stakeholders in the construction sector, who perpetrate a building model based on un-insulated cement without any consideration for the thermal performance of the resulting building.
Popular beliefs also widely prevent the use of alternative –possibly more thermally efficient- building materials such as earth in the building sector, where a house in cement typically represents a higher social status than one built with traditional rural building materials despite the higher thermal effi -ciency of this latter option.
One of the challenges is how to inform investors the fact that Typha is a real asset of the Saint-Louis region, where it is economically and socially worth to invest in Typha raw material processing and typha-based building material production. This can be achieved through rehabilitating the image of traditional housing by the promotion of affordable, locally made, improved building materials, and by the promotion of new architectural designs based on the use of formed Typha concrete as it has been successfully done with hemp in North America and Europe.
Typha Cement as new insulation material
Extensive consultations with stakeholders during project preparation show that a key barrier to the successful commercialization of a local insulation material is the lack of awareness and trust of stakeholders, especially building owners and tenants, that investing more or paying a higher rent for an energy efficient building will effectively yield financial returns through energy savings.
Since so few buildings are insulated in Senegal, the vast majority of buyers and tenants are not used to asking about the energy costs of the building units they are purchasing or renting. This creates a situation where real estate developers are in turn reluctant to spend extra money for EE improvements that are not requested by buyers.
A general lack of information also prevents building industry professionals (such as architects and engineers) and decision makers (such as real estate developers) from understanding the benefits and potential market opportunities of EE.
As an overall result, most building developer/investors look only at the upfront investment costs, rather than the total (life-cycle) cost of ownership over a longer period.
The awareness and information barriers will be primarily addressed in this project through the demonstration of the application of insulation material in pilot buildings and the measurement of the resulting energy savings, combined with extensive awareness enhancement among the students and professionals of the building sector in Senegal. An active marketing strategy combined with positive consumers’ feedbacks claiming significant electricity savings should also increase public interest in EE in general, and in the new domestic thermal insulation products, in particular.
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Technical barriers
Harvesting
Quality of Typha material is critical for the production of Typha cement, which needs it to be clean and dry.
Largest current initiatives are focusing on eradication of Typha by pulling out the entire plant including its rootstock, with the goal to delay the re-growth as long as possible. The grabbing machines currently in use by SAED yield Typha in a rough and muddy way which makes it unusable for production of Typha cement.
PGIAAPO has purchased six boats which villagers, organized in local committees, use for manual harvesting of Typha by cutting, in order to maintain clean areas that have been removed by SAED.
Scaling up activity might request the use of equipment such as mowing floating machines in order to ensure the availability in quality and quantity, at sustainable cost, of Typha material.
A compromise must be found in order to allow all actors concerned with the control of Typha invasion participate to improve the realization of the value added features this plant.
Drying
The Senegal River area mostly has a desert climate with low rainfall (approximately 300mm per year) and a very low humidity most of the year. Therefore biomass can be air dried to 80% dry weight in a short time (Henning, 2002), but drying for production of Typha-cement will require a sufficiently large area to be available in the proximity of the facility, and in order to ensure the continuity of an industrial process, including during rainy season, mechanical drying might be necessary.
Transfer of technology
The technology to be transferred is the local manufacturing of typha-based building materials and the applications of such materials in new and retrofitted buildings as cost-effective alternatives to conven-tional building materials (cement or clay) in order to improve the building performance (energy effi -ciency, as well as physical strength and sound insulation). The application of such technologies, which have already been extensively tested and validated in Europe, have so far involved the use of materials based on European materials (e.g., Typha from Romania and cement from Germany) and tested on pilot buildings representative of European-style architecture.
The characteristics of locally produced cement, and of the Typha species growing in Senegal, specific profile of the demand and cost acceptance for improved building materials in Senegal, conditions of production (low manpower cost and poor technical environment) may significantly modify the final optimal product properties and the technology application process. The modifications required to make the technology conform to the Senegalese context prior to its transfer represents and additional risk for the investors.
Technical feasibility and adequate technical features of cement-compounds based on local Typha aus-tralis has been proven basically during the preparatory phase. Beyond that, a comprehensive R&D phase is necessary during project's implementation to determine the possible transfer of the insulation products, based on Typha and cement from Senegal and applied to local construction manners. Such studies and tests require specialized skills and costly experimental equipment which might partly be unavailable in Senegal.
Testing capacities of the national cement industries will be evaluated under the project and potential synergies with the GEF supported project on Energy Efficiency11in the country will be put to good use
11 UNDP/GEF project ‘National Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program through Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment in Senegal’
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particularly in the implementation of pilot projects targeting the improvement of energy efficiency of existing buildings, ensuring the pertinence of the new energy efficiency regulations by adapting it to solutions available in-country, evaluation of incentive measures encouraging the development of a local production of efficient building materials. Finally, specific tests and analysis for characterisation of local Typha raw material will have to be conducted under the project in existing infrastructures in Europe, using imported raw materials from Senegal. Once the final product optimized under the Senegalese context is established, the technology process will be transferred to Senegal.
Financial barriers
Initial investment barrier
The high initial investment required to industrialize a new technology such as the Typha-Cement based insulation material, roughly estimated at US$ 2.5 M for a full size semi-automated industrial fa-cility, is one of the main barriers to the establishment of a typha-cement insulation material produc-tion facility.
Limited access to finance exacerbates this barrier, as the Senegal banking sector is not risk-taking to provide loan/financing. Financing institutions (public and private banks) require from low-income clients a high level of guarantee that usually cannot be met.
The fact that the use of insulation panels is not a common practice and that the market is still non-ex-istent represents additional barriers to potential investors in this business.
In line with the national strategy of decentralization, and in order to be able to adjust the capacity of production in accordance with the growth of the local demand, the project must design a modular, decentralized process that can be accessible for national investors and define the minimum production scale that will allow commercializing products at competitive prices. Appropriation and replication of the project by national investors is a key factor of success of the project, which therefore must involve activities that will facilitate favourable and enabling environment that will encourage national investors to invest on Typha-based building material production.
Supply of raw material
Such investment can only be justified if some kind of guarantee can be given for the continuous supply of the Typha raw material.
However, potential high competition between different uses of this material (production of domestic fuel, of electricity, of Typha cement) which all are targeting large national markets raise the issue of availability of Typha material in enough quantity for each of them to reach a sustainable scale. Furthermore, upstream activity of Typha harvesting represents itself a second important level of investment. Henning (2002) estimated 15 mowing boats or 15 amphibious mowing vehicles would be needed to harvest 100,000 tons of dry biomass (with a capacity of 20 t/day per mowing boat, or 0.8 ha/day with 25 tons of biomass per ha). If such a vehicle costs about US$ 150,000 to 190,000, mowing equipment would represent again an investment of more than US$ 4.5 million for the harvest of 200,000 tons of biomass (dry basis) from 30,000 to 40,000 ha per year. NAPORO has calculated a consumption of about 15 tons dry matter from the 4th years on when its Typha-cement industrial unit has reached its commercial capacity. The purchase of mowing machine with changeable top (sickle bar vs. pitchfork bar) would be sufficient for its supply. In order to enlarge the intervention area with too many traffic of mowing machines, to reduce the risk of machine shortfall and to integrate further upcoming projects, PGIAAPO has submitted a request to the African Water Facility for the purchase of two (2) such machines.
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Integrating such investment into the set up of transformation facilities will increase the above investment barriers, and might not be economical. Otherwise, developing independent harvesting enterprises will increase the need to regulate their relation with transforming facilities so that quantity, quality and costs of typha materials are guaranteed.
Given the importance of targeted investment, a mechanism should be set to guarantee the availability of Typha material in enough quantity on a long term and the project should facilitate the emergence of a consultative framework and synergies between emerging investors actors targeting value added applications of Typha.
Implementation costs barriers.
The most important factor to determine economic feasibility of Typha processing is the cost of harvesting, drying (only for Typha-cement production) and transporting to a factory (especially if transforming activity is centralized).Roughly, the implementation costs will be twice the machinery cost and the operational life is 10 years. . Harvesting cost12 would range between US$ 10-15 per ton of dry matter at the scale of Naporo’s planned unit.
The project will contribute to create the conditions for sustainable production of Typha based building materials through detailed cost analysis, facilitation of agreements with key actors in Typha control.
Legal and regulatory barriers Unless the satisfaction of strict EE standards in the building sector becomes mandatory, a significant shift in the building practices with massive adoption of EE strategies seems very unlikely to occur, at least in the short term. A second UNDP/GEF project on EE in the building sector in Senegal is being prepared in parallel, which will address such issues. It aims at reforming the national building code so that it includes compliant EE measures in new and existing buildings, and will include extensive activities for raising awareness among decision-makers and end-users on the new regulation and will thus promote –at least indirectly- the use of the new local thermal insulation material. These two projects are complementary. The new energy efficiency regulations will only be effective if these properly take into consideration the available in-country solutions and the existing capacities to develop them. The investment in Typha-based material production, at the required scale that can sig-nificantly impact on national energy consumptions, will be facilitated both by pertinent incentive measures and by realistic regulatory frameworks that will contribute to the promotion and wide scale use of locally made typha-based building materials.Other issues must be clarified to allow the development of large scale business, such as the property of raw Typha material and the conditions of its extraction and commercialization.
The project will contribute to the elaboration of a new regulation framework, which must encourage the use of local insulating materials, including technical norms, fiscal and financial incentives.
12 A US$ 300,000 initial investment (2 boats) and US$ 300,000 for harvesting with one boat (the second one being purchase to guarantee continuity of the process) 45,000 tons of biomass over 10 years (15 tons/day)
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STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
Public InstitutionsSeveral institutions are concerned with the challenges addressed by the project.
Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Protection de la Nature
The Ministry in charge of Environment hosts the PGIAAPAO (Integrated Management of Invasive Aquatic Species in West Africa) which is in charge of the implementation of an AfDB-financed Typha mitigation project (until Dec 2011).
PGIAAPAO has established inter-village organizations as an administrative tool for the implementation of the project - the ‘Comités Inter-Villageois de Gestion des Végétaux’ (CIVGV) – which have been provided with 6 boats for manual harvesting of Typha in order to control its growth in areas targeted by SAED.
Ministère des Mines, de l’Industrie et de l’Agro-Industrie
Improving energy efficiency is one of the main strategic focuses of the National Policy for Industrial Development (PRI13).
The Ministry is hosting the National Upgrade Program14 which supports local industries in improving their global efficiency in order to increase their competitiveness on the international market.
The Ministry includes a ‘Direction de l’Industrie’ and a ‘Direction des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises’.
Ministère de la Coopération internationale, des Transports aériens, des Infrastructures et de l’Energie
The organigramme of the Ministry in charge of Energy includes a ‘Direction de l’Economie et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie’.
The Ministry is hosting the Program for Rural Electrification and sustainable Provision of Domestic Combustibles of the German GTZ (PERACOD).
PERACOD is dealing with all issues of rural energy supply ranging from renewable energies to energy efficient stoves. Long-lasting efforts in Typha carbonization have been reduced recently due to insufficient yields and actually shifted focus points in Energy Efficiency, however, contacts and know-how are still available.
Ministère des énergies renouvelables
The Renewable Energy Ministry is the national Focal point of ECOWAS Regional Center for Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE).ECREEE was founded in Dec 2009 by the ECOWAS with support of UNIDO, the Austrian and the Spanish Development Cooperation and the Government of Cap Verde with the aim to create favourable framework conditions and an enabling environment for renewable energy and energy efficiency markets by supporting activities directed to mitigate existing barriers. It started operation in July 2010. The Ministry includes a ‘Direction des biocarburants et de la biomasse’.The sector is in rapid evolution, with the recent adoption of a ‘Renewable Energy Law’ and of a ‘Biofuel Law’ of which application texts are still pending.
Société d’Aménagement et d’Exploitation du Delta (SAED)
SAED is a state owned company in charge of the development of irrigation in the Senegal River Basin.
It implements a programme targeting the removal of Typha on an area of about 100,000 ha. Removed
13 PRI : Programme de Redéploiement Industriel14 BNM : Bureau National de Mise à iveau (www.bmn.sn)
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material is actually not valorised.
Direction Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (DPN)
DPN is managing the Djoudj Birds Reserve for which Typha is an important nuisance. It implements a research work aiming at establishing a biological destruction of Typha as it has been already successfully against Salvinia Mollestis sp.
Access to the Djoudj area must be authorized by DPN, which might not allow or strongly restrict industrial activities.
DPN is a key partner in the implementation of biodiversity monitoring in the delta area.
Organisation de la Mise en Valeur du Fleuve Sénégal (OMVS)
OMVS addresses the Typha issue at regional level and coordinates eradication strategies implemented by Senegalese and Mauritanian institutions.
The African Development Bank (Banque Africaine de Développement, BAD), which is considering increasing its financing of OMVS’s Typha management strategy, is showing willingness to support the costs associated to harvesting Typha leaves before roots extraction and the design of a sustainable set up for financing the Typha exploitation chain, including mobilization of finance carbon.
Conseil Régional de Saint-Louis
The Region of Saint Louis, a territorial government which manages an annual budget of more than 2 billion FCFA (4 MUSD), has joined the UNDP Territorial Approach of Climate Change (TACC) programme in partnership with the French Rhône-Alpes Region.
City of Saint Louis
The city of Saint-Louis is member of the ‘Cities and Climate Change’ Initiative. It is implementing with the support of UN-HABITAT an important building programme to the benefit of populations affected by climate change impact and aims at promoting a new concept of ecological urban living areas.
Agence Nationale Ecovillages (ANEV)
The National Ecovillages Agency implements, on behalf of the ‘Ministère des Ecovillages, des lacs artificiels et des bassins de rétention”, the government’s strategy for a sustainable rural development, which includes the promotion ecological housing in rural and suburban areas
ANEV is member of the international Bamboo and Cane Network (INBAR) and is planning a partnership with the Local Government of the Saint-Louis Region.
APIX
APIX is the institution in charge of the implementation of the national strategy for the development of public/private partnerships and the promotion of investment in Senegal. It in priority supports through the implementation of various tax incentives measures, decentralization of investment and development of renewable energy sources.
APIX supervises the execution of major buildings ordered by the Government.
Architects
Agence d’Architecture et de la Recherche Mbacké Niang (AARMN)
Office for Architecture and Research based in Dakar and headed by Mbacké NIANG, consulting architect of the City of Dakar specialized in energy efficiency.
Mbacke Niang is a former president of the Senegalese Architectural Association, member of the
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national standardization association (ASN), active promoter for sustainable building and inventor of particular constructional elements in accordance to local climate and tradition
The AARMN is specialized in optimization of classic building materials, rationalization of traditional building materials and techniques, experimentation on composite materials.
Cabinet d’Architecture Terre Neuve
French Architects office which recently designed the new energy efficient building of the Jean Mermoz scholar complex in Dakar
It furthermore supports a project in Saint Louis region in partnership with Senegalese association Xarito15 based in Dagana. Since 2005 the core activity of this project is building a school respecting bioclimatic basic principles. The current project is to realize a 200 m² polyvalent space, built in traditional materials, opened for the use of both the school and the population of the Diamaguene quarter where it is established.
This building is to be heat and sound insulated.
Ordre des Architectes du Sénégal
This Senegalese Architectural Association16, based in Dakar, is a professional platform of architects with the aim to improve the legal frame of architectural practice, to develop national and international communication strategies and to promote architecture in the Senegalese society. It has 175 listed members.
Social housing programmes
Kaito Service Energétique
KAITO Energy AG is a German private enterprise, organized as joint stock organization. Its subsidiary in Senegal, Kaito Service Energetique is specialized in renewable energies, energy supply and energy efficient applications in rural Western Africa. Central topics are sustainable forms of illumination, water supply and cooling in non-electrified rural areas.
Etimos France
Etimos is a joint venture between SOCODEVI (Canadian NGO specialized in microfinance), CREDIT COOPERATIF (whose director is president of the European Federation of Ethic and Alternative Banks), and MACIF (insurance company). It manages a project once initiated by SOCODEVI in partnership with the ‘Union Régionale des Coopératives d’Habitat (URCCH)’, a housing cooperative in the Thies region, which aims at building 2180 individual houses in the periphery of Thies Usually housing cooperatives limit their role to negotiating attributions of parcels and loans to their members. The interest of this project is that it includes promoting sustainable space management through design of buildings, production of renewable energy, wastes recycling, etc…This programme, called ‘Kër Garab’, defines itself as “a unique opportunity to adapt know-how in sustainable urbanization and architecture to the African context. A sustainable area is an area which is energy-efficient, clean due to proper sanitation and waste management, protected from climate harnesses due to green spaces, and which will be able to adapt itself to the evolution of the behaviours and needs of its inhabitants and of its environment.” Its component ‘bioclimatic design’ will promote adaptation to local environment, ventilation, protection from sun, sand and wind, and use of local building materials.
15 Ou ASEM : Association Sénégalaise de l’Ecole Moderne – Président Pape Meissa Hanne - [email protected] www.ordredesarchitectes.sn
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SICAP - Société Immobilière du Cap-Vert
SICAP is public company founded in 1950, managing social housing programs and implementation of related facilities. It realized about 13,300 units since its foundation.
Société Nationale d'Habitations à loyer modérés (SNHLM)
SNHLM is a public company founded in 1959, managing social housing programs and implementation of related facilities. It realized about 15,600 units since its foundation.
Banque de l’Habitat du Sénégal (BHS)
The Senegalese Bank of Housing and Construction is the main financial source of the construction sector. It started activities in 1980 and since distributed more than 40.000 individual loans representing about 400 MUSD investments in the housing sector.
Private companies
Senegalese cement industries
SOCOCIM, subsidiary of the French group Vicat, is the largest West African cement producer. It is based in Rufisque. In 2006 it realized a gross product above 2 billion USD, for a production of 2 million tons of cement. Ciment du Sahel, owned by the Senegalo-Lebanese Layousse Group, has been created in 2000 in Kirène (Thies Region). An investment of 130 billion FCFA (250 MUSD) in 2008 upgraded its production capacity to 3 million tons. In the past years both of these industries have achieved considerable investments to make Senegal's cement industry cleaner and more efficient.
Professional organization in the building sector
The ‘Syndicat Professionnel des Entrepreneurs de Bâtiments Travaux Publics du Sénégal’ (SPEBTPS) is an association which regroups amongst its 44 members, the major enterprises in the building and civil engineering sectors, most of them developing their business throughout Africa. Its board of administrators is presented in table below.
Function Name Company ActivityPresident Oumar Sow CSE Building and civil engineering.
Subsidiaries of the group include SDIH and SIG, two real estate companies. SIG realizes integrated (from conception to promotion) social housing programs
Vice-President Tamsir Agne SINCO SPA Building and civil engineeringVice President Lucien Haddad CDE Building is the core activity, sector in which it
is leader in Senegal. Its turnover is about 60 MUSD and it employs 3000 salaries.
Secretary Laurent Theureau
LSE Electricity
Deputy Secretary Babacar Fall IMOFRONT Real Estate CompanyTreasurer Jean Bernard
LabilleAFCO Equipments
Deputy treasurer Monique Rak SODACOM Steel structuresHonorary President
Gérard Senac EIFFAGE Building and civil engineeringContracted by SAED for Typha eradication, it invested in equipment such as floating mechanical diggers (BIG FLOAT, CASE CX240B, etc)
The ‘Syndicat national des entreprises du bâtiment et des travaux publiques (SNBTP) claims for 300 members.
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Building materials
PREBAT Senegalese producer of pre-stressed concrete elementsSopromex Producer of concrete bricks, precast ceiling elements, based in DakarSETIM Afrique Distributor and installer of thermally insulated roof systems, based in Dakar. It
distributes waterproofing products in license of the Spain Danosa. Heat insulation is momentary purchased in Europe, too, and alternatives being competitive in price still searched
CSTM Distributor of roofing materials
Others
Sen Environment The company is actually charged with the removal and excavation of Typha in the frame of the PGIAAPAO project
Eiffage Company specialized in civil works, contracted by SAED for removal of TyphaCEREEQ The ‘Centre Expérimental de Recherche et d’Etude pour l’Equipement’ offers
facilities for testing building materials.It acts as a national reference laboratory in the fields of civil works and building, supervising buildings realized by the government and certifying products and techniques allowed in Senegal.CEREEQ has been implementing for the last 3 years research work on Typha material geotechnical efficacy.
Formation
Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur les Energies Renouvelables (CERER)
The Research Center for Renewable Energies of the University of Dakar has an experimental site including full size experimental building. It is co-initiator in 2011 of the new master course on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (“Maitrise de l’Energie et Technologies d’Energie Renouvelable dans le Bâtiment - METERBAT)", actually focused on electric engineering.
Institut des Sciences de la Terre (IST)
The IST is an institute of the University of Dakar which implements research works on concrete, earth concrete, low cost bricks for housing, etc.
Dakar College of Architecture
The Dakar College of Architecture is the initiative, a few years ago, of Senegalese architects. It includes a department of Acoustics, Thermics and Lighting, headed by Jean-Charles Tall, former president of the Architects’ Association of Senegal.
Material Laboratory of the Faculty of Sciences
This laboratory of the University of Dakar has long been doing research work on characterization of physical and chemical properties of various Senegalese vegetal materials and their application in the housing sector.
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NGOs, promoters of alternative housing (earth building)
Association La Voute Nubienne
The French ‘Nubian Vault Association’ (AVN) promoting earth roof building techniques is implementing a regional programme called ‘Earth Roofs for the Sahel’. In Senegal,
It has established a partnership with the region of Saint-Louis who, in the context of its twinning with the Nord-Pas de Calais Region (France) and its commitment in the implementation of a Territorial Approach of Climate Change (TACC), is willing to promote improved sustainable housing at the regional level.
It collaborates with the Senegalese Makane Enterprise which forms local builders to the Nubian vault technique.
Xarito
Xarito is a Senegalese association which in partnership with the Senegalese Association for Modern Education (ASEM) and the French association Reunion-Dagana supports the development of the ‘Claude Fresnet’ primary school in Dagana since 2004.
This project includes the construction of bioclimatic educative building, with the technical support of the French Architects TERRENEUVE and of a polyvalent building which will be opened to neighbouring populations.
Eco Conservation
This recently created Senegalese company is partner of the ‘Greniers du Sahel’ program implemented by the French firm ITerrae. This program promotes the building of sustainable agricultural products conservation facilities, based on earth building and a patented radiative cooling technique.
The program commits itself to the following principles for sustainable development :
95% of expenses are locally made Involvement of local expertise Valorization of local materials, reduction of transport and related greenhouse gazes Use of a clean energy (radiative cooling)
Eco Conservation has realized a pilot building in Rao, region of Saint Louis.
Village Pilote
Pilot Village is a French NGO giving support to children at risk for a sustainable integration.
Its project in Senegal is implemented as a field school with 17 street boys aged 16 to 25 years, for the construction of a pilot village at Lac Rose.
They have already made a kitchen, a production platform, stabilized earth bricks, walls witnesses, a well and a system of clean water.
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BASELINE ANALYSIS
CO2 emissions related to air-conditioningIn 2007 the portion of air-conditioning and ventilation in the electricity consumption was about 25% or 195,000 MWh in both, private households and business and, given current growth rates, it might double by 2020.
Electric power fed into the grid is produced by diesel generators (54%), followed by gas turbines (20%) and vapour turbines (15%). Only 12% are based on renewable energies (hydroelectricity / Manantali dam, Senegal River, Senegal). As a consequence of this particular mix, the CO2 equivalent is about 0.7 t/MWh.(see figure 1).
Thus, CO2 emissions related to air conditioning, currently estimated at 135,000 tCO2eq/year are expected to reach about 270,000 tCO2eq/year by 2020 if current approaches in building techniques are continued (see figure 210).
Otherwise, half of electricity consumption due to ventilation and air conditioning can be reduced by using energy efficient building materials.
GHG emissions related to decomposition of TyphaThe eradication of 100,000 has of Typha produces 600,000 t of dry matter which is left to putrefy and results in methane emissions which have not yet been evaluated.
Other sources of emissionsCurrent insulation materials such as polystyrene are a petrol-based product and the production of both, rock wool and glass wool is very energy consumptive.
Developing new local insulation materials will considerably improve the carbon print of local energy efficiency programs, not only limiting them to reductions of emissions due to avoided energy consumption.
Territorial Approach of Climate ChangeThe region of Saint-Louis is together with Fatick Region, also in Senegal, one of the first in the world to have positively answered to UNDP proposition to reorient strategies of climate change mitigation and adaptation towards territorial approach, more efficient and easier to implement than lasting international consensus. This led to the inclusion of the region of Saint-Louis into UNDP Territorial Approach of Climate Change (TACC) programme, currently under implementation.
Apart from Saint-Louis which benefits from a micro-climate, neighbouring regions to Ross-Bethio and Dagana, and to Louga have a rather hot, arid climate inducing rough conditions of life. Improving housing is thus an important component of regional approach for sustainable development.
ConclusionThe main parameters describing baseline scenario are:
No thermal insulation material is produced locally and its production faces important investment barriers
Imported materials are expensive and/or inappropriate
Energy efficiency regulations are harder to put into force considering the important costs they are associated to.
Traditional building techniques do not fit modern social standards and even rural small
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housing is not insulated
Students and professionals in the building sector not trained to use thermal insulation
There is no effective profitable valorization of Typha on a large scale
Although climate change mitigation is now part of several regional strategies in Senegal, they do not target yet the improvement of energy efficiency through new building techniques.
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PART II: Strategy
PROJECT RATIONALE AND POLICY CONFORMITY
Project RationaleAs the standard of living in Senegal improves, energy expenditures are expected to grow rapidly as more people demand hot water, heating and air conditioning for their basic comfort and household en-ergy needs.
The timing of this project is important because of a conjunction of several factors: Senegal’s energy shortages have been worsening to a point that it triggered sporadic
demonstrations which killed one person in the suburbs of Dakar in Summer 2010; Senegal’s demand for new urban housing is driven by a strong rural exodus in particular to Dakar,
which hosts 25% of the Senegalese population with an average annual increase of 125,000 inhabitants;
Energy subsidies, in particular on LPG, are gradually declining, thereby increasingly exposing consumers to the real costs of energy;
The eradication of Typha has become a regional environmental concern without an effective profitable valorization so far.
There is a good potential for regional replication as other West African countries face similar challenges and could benefit from the Senegalese best practice. The project can link-up and create synergies to the existing regional programs to improve building efficiency in ECOWAS/UEMOA.
In this context, the project rationale relies upon the followings:
While the electricity sector faces a dramatic crisis in Senegal, up to 30% of the total electricity supply – mostly produced from fossil fuels - is consumed in the building sector due to inefficiency of un-insulated cement, modern practices and construction styles that are inappropriate to local climate, and unavailability of affordable thermal insulation materials.
Typha represents on a long term a potential of 200,000 tons/year of dry matter which can constitute a valuable resource for the energy sector at various levels (as fuel for domestic uses and electricity production, as biochar, and as constructing material improving building energy efficiency). Otherwise, it represents a major threat for biodiversity in the Djoudj National Park and for local agricultural development which is the main economical resource in this region.
In order to allow sustainable investment for the valorization of this important resource, it is es -sential to elaborate a comprehensive environmental management strategy at regional level, which will promote synergies between actors rather than pure competition to access the re-source, to the benefit of a sustainable local development and an equilibrium between needs to stop the development of an invasive plant, to preserve a fragile environment and to develop its economic potential.
Technology and know-how exist which mobilization can lead to the development of a local production of two ranges of products: Typha blocks for rural housing, and standardized Typha-cement based products for the modern building sector. A modular, decentralized process which can be accessible for national investors, operating at a scale that will allow commercializing products at competitive prices, must be designed.
One of the challenges is to reveal Typha as a real asset of the Saint-Louis region, in which it is economically and socially worth to invest and which deserves to be integrated in the regional climate change and environmental management strategies currently implemented.
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Thus, the project will:
Organize consultation framework, simultaneously addressing environmental, technical and economic issues that the need for a sustainable management of Typha raises.
Act as an incubator, raising interest of national investors in the investment of such facility, and accompanying them to develop it progressively at a sustainable scale.
Contribute to the elaboration of a new regulation framework, which must encourage the use of local insulating materials, including technical norms, fiscal and financial incentives.
Facilitate the integration of new building practices in regional and national climate change strategies.
Disseminate the project results and create awareness to promote replication in the ECOWAS/UEMOA region.
GEF Focal Area Strategy and Strategic Programme
Global Environmental Facility (GEF)
The project is in line with the guidelines set out by the GEF’s Poznan Strategic Program on Technology Transfer. It will also support goals of GEF-supported CC mitigation activities, in particular technology-related aspects; of meeting country needs to mitigate climate change.
It is expected to assist the country, as well as others in the region to develop adequate responses to their identified technology needs by implementing an action plan for the production of thermal insulation material for use in the building sector.
The programme will also aim to catalyze private sector investments and partnerships to stimulate renewable energy and energy efficiency markets in West Africa, and promote productive and income generation activities.
The present project will also both benefit from and complement the GEF Global Programmatic Framework to promote energy efficient buildings lead by UNDP.
GEF’s strategy aims to scale up renewable energy for augmenting rural electrification and promote energy efficiency measures in industry/households/public sectors through specific and focused interventions. It gives priority to energy access for disadvantaged people and rural dwellers; development of mini-hydroelectric dams; development of micro-enterprises to provide energy services; promotion of new and renewable energies; better use of biomass and solar power; and encouraging suitable and appropriate biofuels.
ENERBAT
Climate change mitigation through an improved Energy Efficiency in the building sector was the main objective of the Regional Project UNDP/GEF/RAF/93/G32 (ENERBAT) implemented from 1996 to 2001 in Ivory Coast and Senegal. The ENERBAT project aimed at promoting EE investments in the conception, rehabilitation and exploitation of the building sector, in particular by establishing an adequate institutional framework (regulations, standards, fiscal and custom tariffs, electricity policies etc.). This led to:
The energy efficiency audit of about 40 buildings and evaluation of energy efficiency measures requested.
The approval of the first national regulation for thermal and energy efficiency in the building sector (RTM) and its inclusion in the new building code.
The creation of a technical committee on "energy and thermal efficiency in the building sector" by the Senegalese Association of Normalization (ASN) a few years ago to further improve this regulatory framework under the guidance and coordination of the Order of Architects in Senegal.
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UN-HABITAT
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT is mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all.
Relevant projects: Senegal and Senegal implement ‘Cities Without Slums’ programmes Shelter Profile Studies (2006-2008) have been implemented as a demonstration project in
Malawi, Uganda, Senegal and Tunisia. Shelter Profiling is a housing sector assessment tool which provides governments and various stakeholders with a comprehensive analysis of housing and land delivery systems as well as the mechanisms to access land, housing finance, and basic infrastructure, building materials and technology and labour.
Greater Dakar Urban Development Strategy (2006-2008) included formulating and validating the urban development strategy for Dakar with a 10-year investment programme which implementation has been signed between UNEP and City of Dakar.
Support to the development and implementation of Local Agendas 21 by the cities of Saint Louis, Matam, Guedawaye and Tivaoune. The project targets the urban poor who have limited access to natural resources and basic urban services and are the most vulnerable to environmental hazards.
ECREEE
As a policy response to the rising energy security concerns, continued lack of access to energy services and the need for climate change mitigation the ECOWAS Energy Ministers established recently the ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE). The Secretariat of the Centre was inaugurated on 6th July 2010 with the support of the ECOWAS Commission, the Austrian Development Cooperation (ADC), and the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), UNIDO and the Government of Cape Verde.
The ECREEE Secretariat is based in Praia, Cape Verde and operates with a small multi-national team of West African and international full time staff. ECREEE is decentralized organized and has established a network of National Focal Institutions (NFIs) which interlinks the Secretariat with all ECOWAS Member States. In the case of Senegal the Ministry of Renewable Energy was nominated as official focal point for ECREEE activities. The activities of the Centre are executed in cooperation with the NFIs or other public and private entities. The working languages of the Centre are English, French and Portuguese.
ECREEE supports activities directed to mitigate existing technical, legal, institutional, economic, financial, policy and capacity related barriers for the creation of renewable energy and energy efficiency markets in West Africa. Apart from capacity development, knowledge management, business and investment promotion, the Centre assists West African Governments in mainstreaming renewable energy and energy efficiency into their national energy policies and strategies. ECREEE developed 14 flag-ship programs which will be implemented between 2010 and 2015. Several activities will be executed in the area of energy efficiency.
National Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program through Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment in Senegal
This new project is being prepared by UNDP/GEF. It targets support to the promotion of Energy effi-ciency in the building sector. Its goal is that Energy efficiency measures, in particular thermal insula-tion in new and existing buildings, become mandatory at the national scale. Such project will trigger a demand in local affordable thermal insulation materials of high quality, thus opening a wide market to the Typha-based insulation materials.
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EcoVillages project in Senegal
In 2009, the National Ecovillages Agency (ANEV), in collaboration with UNDP, has submitted to GEF a request for a project entitled “Participatory Biodiversity Conservation and Low Carbon Development in Pilot Ecovillages in Senegal”. The project was endorsed by GEF CEO on June 2011. The project will test innovative participative methods of natural resource management, biodiversity conservation, renewable energy development, coupled with a reduction of carbon emissions and an increase in carbon sequestration, to help develop an Ecovillage model which meets people’s needs and contributes global benefits in terms of biodiversity conservation and low carbon development. This will be achieved through village level land use planning and testing of methods in 10 pilot villages, one of these being in the area of Typha development: Ndick (Adjacent to the Djoudj National Bird Park (PNOD) the Senegal River Delta, in the Mbawal Rural Community). Within community lands, activities will include community management of natural resources, widespread provision of fuel-efficient stoves for household use, production of alternative energy supplies (Jatropha oil and fuel wood plantations), wide scale afforestation (trees, mangroves, bamboo) and experimental use of biochar in farmlands.
Introducing new building materials and practices in these villages, and the valorization of Typha as a local sustainable resource, would increase the impact of both EcoVillage and Typha projects.
This is an expectation of the highest authorities of the country, as the President of Republic of Senegal requested the Senegalese Architectural Association to propose a climate adapted design for housing in the EcoVillages.
Technology transfer
In November 2008, the GEF Council and the Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF)/ Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) Council approved the Strategic Program on Technology Transfer. It implements its supports through:
Support for Climate Technology Centers and a Climate Technology Network Piloting Priority Technology Projects to Foster Innovation and Investments Private Public Partnership for Tech Transfer Technology Needs Assessment GEF as a Catalytic Supporting Institution for Tech Transfer
National Policy
Sectoral policies
The main Senegalese policies converge to the promotion of sustainable energies and economies of energy.
EnvironmentSince 1997, the Program for sustainable and participative management of traditional and alternative energies (PROGEDE), co-funded by the World Bank, the Netherlands and the GEF, contributed to set up a sustainable management by the local governments and producers associations of 300,000 ha of forests, and actively promoted substitution products to wood energy. In support to the national policy of diversification of energy sources, it contributed to the promotion of biofuels (gel fuel for domestic uses, electricity from biomass, pilot production line of rice husk and Typha pellets, pilot experiences of Jatropha oil production and use).
Energy
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The Program for Rural Electrification and sustainable Provision of Domestic Combustibles (PERACOD) is dealing with all issues of rural energy supply ranging from renewable energies to energy efficient stoves. Long-lasting efforts in Typha carbonization have been reduced recently due to insufficient yields and actually shifted focus points in Energy Efficiency.The energy sector acknowledges an important evolution since the vote par the parliament of the Electricity Law (1998), which separates urban and rural electrification and promotes the emergence of independent electricity producers.In 2010, the parliament voted a Renewable Energies Law and a Biofuel Law, and a Ministry of Biofuels and Renewable Energies has been created to manage this emerging sector. Application texts are still pending.On January 28th, 2011, the decree n° 2011-160 forbids the importation and production of incandescent lamps countrywide. It is estimated that more that 3 million lamps will be replaced (representing a 15 MUSD investment), resulting in a 15% economy on electricity consumption. Accompanying measures include conformity control to international standards of imported low consumption lamps, and subsidized prices.An agreement has been signed in 2010 between the Senegalese utility (SENELEC) and a private investor (SGI Senegal) for the establishment in Ross Bethio of a 30 MW power station using Typha biomass as fuel.
IndustryImproving energy efficiency is one of the main strategic focuses of the National Policy for Industrial Development (PRI). The National Upgrade Program which supports local industries in improving their global efficiency, including energy efficiency in industrial processes, in order to increase their competitiveness on the international market.The Investment law encourages decentralized investment and investment in renewable energies benefits from income tax reductions.During the recent past years, a number of PMEs have emerged in the sector of renewable energies and an International Fare on Renewable Energies and Environment occurs in April every year in Dakar.
EducationThe Research Center in Renewable Energies (CERER) is co-initiator in 2011 of a new master course on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (“Maitrise de l’Energie et Technologies d’Energie Renouvelable dans le Bâtiment” – METERBAT) at the University of Dakar (UCAD).A College of Architecture has been opened in Dakar in 200917 by a group of professionals.
BuildingA thermal building code for Senegal was drafted some years ago, but hasn't been formally adopted and practically implemented yet. However, currently there are many efforts to disseminate and strengthen the idea of Energy Efficient Building in the country and the region. Only in the last months several conferences and fairs concerning Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies have been taken place in Senegal and Western Africa, e.g.
o April 2010: ECOWAS18 Workshop on Energy Efficiency, Ouagadougou, Burkina Fasoo May 2010: ENERBATIM, International Exhibition on Renewable Energies and Housing
in Africa, Dakar, Senegalo Sept 2010: 3rd ECOWAS Business Forum on Energy and ECOWAS Energy Innovation
17 http://www.architech-ecole.com 18 ECOWAS = Economic Community of West African States
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Award Certificate, Abidjan, Ivory Coasto Oct 2010: Regional Workshop on the ECOWAS Solar Energy Initiative (ESEI), Dakar, Senegal
Regional policy
Senegal is member of ECOWAS and UEMOA. ECOWAS has gradually taken steps to mainstream renewable energy and energy efficiency into its regional activities and policies. In 2003 the ECOWAS Energy Protocol envisaged the improvement of energy efficiency and increased use of renewable energy sources.
The ECOWAS/UEMOA White Paper on access to energy services for populations in rural and peri-urban areas, adopted in 2006, foresees that at least 20% of new investments in electricity generation should originate from locally available renewable resources, in order to achieve self-sufficiency, reduced vulnerability and sustainable environmental development. At the background of the sever energy crisis in 2008 the West African Heads of State have mandated the ECOWAS and UEMOA Commissions to elaborate a regional program on energy efficiency. In 2008 the 61st Session of ECOWAS Council of Ministers adopted the regulation C/REG.23/11/08 and gave the ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) a legal basis. ECREEE and other partners organized a regional energy efficiency workshop in Ouagadougou from 12 to 13 April 2010. The workshop defined building efficiency as a one important component of the ECREEE energy efficiency program.
Climate change
Senegal has ratified the UNCCC convention in June 1994 and the Kyoto protocol in July 2001.
As well as the region of Fatick, the region of Saint Louis, a territory that manages an annual budget of more than 2 billion FCFA, has joined the UNDP Territorial Approach of Climate Change (TACC) programme in partnership with the French Rhône-Alpes Region.
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PARTNERS AND CO-FINANCING
The project raises a large interest among various type of national and international actors, as the following table shows, which summarizes commitments for its co-financing ( 5.6 MUSD committed compare to 3.4 MUSD targeted during the identification phase of the project):Co-financing partners
# Supporting partners Classification Type of cofinancing Co-Financing (USD) %
1 UNDP Senegal Multilateral Cash 200,000 3.5%
2 DEEC Government In Kind 250,000 4.4%
3 ANEV Government In Kind 250,000 4.4%
4 PGIAAPO Government In Kind 75,000 1.3%
5 Ministry of Education, through AFD Government Cash & in Kind 1,320,310 23.4%
6 ECREEE Multilateral Cash & in Kind 195,000 3.5%
7 UN HABITAT Multilateral In Kind 500,000 8.9%
8 CRATERRE NGO (France) In Kind 150,000 2.7%
9 API Lodge Private sector (France) In Kind 455,000 8.1%
10 TERRENEUVE Archi-tectes
Private sector (France) In Kind 84,600 1.5%
11 GLPSSM Education In Kind 200,000 3.5%
12 ASN Association (Sene-gal) In Kind 2,974 0.1%
13 SNHLM Public sector In Kind 630,000 11.2%
14 NAPORO Private sector (Aus-tria) In Kind 1,120,000 19.8%
15 KAITO Private sector (Ger-many/Senegal) In Kind 215,000 3.8%
TOTAL 5,647,884 100%
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UNDP
UNDP representation in Senegal will support capacity building activities, in the field of insulating building materials and energy efficiency in buildings, of the national institutions in charge of coordination of the project (DEEC, ANEV and Saint-Louis Region Government), for a total amount in cash of USD 200,000.
DIRECTION DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DES ETABLISSEMENTS CLASSES
The DEEC is in charge of the elaboration and implementation of Senegalese government’s climate change strategy.It is promoting the elaboration of a new regulatory framework on energy efficiency in buildings, project which GEF has targeted as a project which it could finance.DEEC will coordinate project’s activities with and promote project’s results to any government institution concerned with improvement of energy efficiency in buildings (Direction de la Construction, Direction de l’Urbanisme et de l’Architecture, Direction de l’Efficacité et de la Maîtrise de l’Energie…).DEEC will support all charges related to the employment of a project national coordinator and an administrative assistant, including any operational means (office facility, transport, travel fees) necessary for these to be fully operational, for a total amount of USD 250.000.
AGENCE NATIONALE ECOVILLAGES
The ANEV is in charge of the elaboration and implementation of the Senegalese government’s strategy for the promotion of sustainable housing in rural and suburban areas as part of a decentralized sustainable environmental management approach aiming at raising the population’s awareness and concern about climate change issues.
Ndick ecovillage is established in Saint Louis region close to the Djoudj National Park. Key issues which urge the establishment of a Typha sustainable management framework are crystallized in this area.
ANEV will coordinate the implementation of project’s component 4 (integration of Typha based materials into new architectural concepts), component 5 (implementation of pilot projects) and will be closely involved in its component 6 (dissemination of results).
ANEV will coordinate the involvement into project’s activities of any actor involved in the implementation of suburban housing programmes (such as Saint-Louis city, SNHLM, SICAP and housing cooperatives, the financial institutions that support them, and the national association of Architects), and with national research centres and laboratories specialized in building materials.
ANEV will support all charges related to the employment of a project field coordinator based in the Niayes ecological region, including any operational means (office facility, transport, travel fees) necessary for him/her to be fully operational, for a total amount of USD 250.000.
PGIAAPO
The ‘Projet de Gestion Intégrée des Adventices Aquatiques Envahissantes en Afrique de l’Ouest’ is implemented by the Ministry in charge of environmental issues in the goal to develop the capacities of local communities to participate into the management of Typha invasion.PGIAAPO will support the project through its operational capacity, in the Typha development area, to organize and mobilize rural populations. It will allow the projects to benefit from its mowing boats and existing infrastructure for harvesting, drying, packing and transporting Typha material.PGIAAPO contribution to the project amounts a total, in kind, of USD 75,000.
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Ministry of Education
The Ministry of Education has created a new Technical Training Centre in the field on Energy Efficiency for the building and public works sector. The AFD (French Development Agency) provides most of the budget for this center. The trainees of the center are architect, contractors, workers, etc.
The Center will provide key training courses on insulation materials (included typha-based) and on EE in buildings and then enable the capitalization of the GEF investment.
The Ministry of Education contribution to the project amounts a total, in cash and kind, of USD 1,320,310.
ECREEE
The ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) and its network of National Focal Institutions (NFIs) in the West African region has been created in 2010. ECREEE promotes the establishment of regional renewable energy and energy efficiency markets by mitigating existing technical, legal, institutional, economic, financial, policy and capacity related barriers. ECREEE’s co-financing to the GEF-Typha project will amount to a total of USD 195,000, of which USD 65,000 in-cash and 130,000 in-kind. ECREEE will particularly support the dissemination and capacity building activities among the outcome areas 4 to 6. ECREEE will facilitate the replication of the project in other West African countries and disseminate project results over different channels. Moreover, the Centre will create synergies to other activities in its annual work plans. The following activities are of particular relevance to the GEF project:
ECREEE is implementing the regional project “Supporting Energy Efficiency for Access in West Africa (SEEA-WA) with support of the ACP-EU Energy Facility and other partners (such as UNDP). The project aims at the development and adoption of a regional energy efficiency policy for ECOWAS and the establishment of a regional network of energy efficiency centres among all ECOWAS countries. The regional policy will propose concrete targets and follow-up activities to be implemented on national levels. One component of the project is particularly focused on building efficiency and dissemination of best practices through regional workshops and awareness raising campaigns. The Typha GEF project can benefit from these activities.
ECREEE plays an important role in the execution of the GEF West Africa Energy Programme Component which is coordinated by UNIDO and is consisting of several national projects. ECREEE is an executing partner in some of the national projects (e.g. Cape Verde) and is also awarded with the regional project “Promoting Coordination, Coherence, Integration and Knowledge Management under the GEF West Africa Energy Programme” in cooperation with UNIDO. The project aims at establishing a coordination and knowledge management mechanism between the individual national GEF energy projects in West Africa. The Typha GEF project will benefit from this installed mechanism.
ECREEE is undertaking a capacity and training needs assessment in the West African region and is developing several tailored training programs in cooperation with local and international universities. The trainings will address several issues of energy efficiency (e.g. energy audits, building efficiency, appliances, industry standards, financing).
The ECOWAS Renewable Energy Facility (EREF) will become operational in April/Mai 2010. The EREF makes available co-funding for small and medium sized renewable energy and energy efficiency projects and businesses in West Africa. Under the Facility the ECREEE Secretariat organizes regular demand-driven call for proposals for project implementers from public and private sectors.
The ECOWAS Renewable Energy Observatory (EREO) will be established and will make available
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detailed information and data on renewable energy and energy efficiency resources, studies, stakeholders and implemented projects in the ECOWAS region. The Observatory will boost knowledge management and support project developers and other marked enablers with tailored information. The results of the GEF Typha project can be presented and disseminated through the observatory. ECREE’s co-financing will amount a total of USD 195,000, of which USD 65.000 in cash for the organization of regional workshops.
UN-HABITAT
The United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-HABITAT is mandated by the UN General Assembly to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all.
It is supporting the City of Saint-Louis initiative for climate change adaptation (displacement of populations suffering from climate change impacts, development of ecological housing areas and the promotion of the concept to surrounding communities). This strategy relies upon the diffusion of information and improving the population’s awareness of climate change and key regional environmental issues, participatory planning, and promotion of low cost sustainable housing concepts.
UN-HABITAT will support project’s activities through the mobilization of equipment necessary for the fabrication of Typha based building material by local workshops, the formation of local entrepreneurs to their implementation, the utilization of such materials for the construction of compounds protection walls, the dissemination of information on these materials and the experimentation of mechanisms for their commercialization in poor peri-urban living areas of Saint-Louis city.
UN-HABITAT will facilitate the participation of Saint-Louis city into the project, with the aim of disseminating its experience to neighbouring communities, and of national actors concerned by the development of the housing sector and the improvement of related sectoral policies.
UN-HABITAT contribution to the project is set at total amount of USD 500,000.
SN HLM
SN HLM is a state owned company specialized in social housing building.
SN HLM will support project’s activities through the realization of 17 buildings as pilot projects :
- In Dakar, 1 very low cost, 1 low cost and 2 middle standing houses
- In Saint Louis, 1 very low cost, 1 low cost and 1 middle standing houses
- In Kaolack, 1 very low cost, 1 low cost and 1 middle standing houses and SN HLM regional office
- In Tambacounda, 1 very low cost, 1 low cost and 1 middle standing houses and SN HLM regional office
- In Ziguinchor, 1 very low cost, 1 low cost and 1 middle standing houses
SN HLM contribution to the project is set at total amount of USD 630,000.
CRATERRE
CRATerre is a French NGO specialized in earth building materials, is a partner of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Federation (FICR) in a programme aiming at revalorizing local know-how to alleviate risks due to flooding.
Through the Chaire Unesco, CRATerre promotes to West African institutions the rehabilitation of architectures based on local materials as a mean to both mitigate and alleviate impacts of Climate
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Change.
CRATerre will support the project’s activities through the assistance of its expertise in the definition of energy efficient building materials and new architectural concepts, the use of the new building materials in projects at village level, and the dissemination of project’s results to institutions and professionals at regional level.
CRATerre expertise mobilized to the benefit of the project represents a total amount in kind of 150,000 USD.
My API Lodge
My API Lodge is a private company implemented in Senegal. It will use Typha insulation materials in its pilot lodges. My API Lodge will participate in the testing of the typha based insulation material by using it in a pilot construction
My API Lodge expertise mobilized to the benefit of the project represents a total amount in kind of 455,000 USD.
TERRENEUVE Architectes
TERRENEUVE Architects is promoting bioclimatic buildings in Senegal. It has realized the new French Lycée Jean Mermoz in Dakar (17.000 m², achieved in 2010) and, since 2004 supports the Xarito association in the construction of the ‘Claude Fresnet’ primary school in Dagana.
TERRENEUVE’s approach of sustainable development is oriented to the valorization of local materials and know-how. Several passive bioclimatic techniques have been developed in Dagana project, easy to realize and with low maintenance constraints, in order to improve thermal regulation of the buildings.
TERRENEUVE has proved that, in this rural environment, a good treatment of luminosity, thermal and acoustic comforts, visual aspect altogether contribute to social acceptance of new building techniques. The bioclimatic principles initiated in Dagana have been developed on a larger scale on 20 buildings (R+1 and R+2) at Lycée Jean Mermoz in Dakar, executed by the Senegalese Generale d’Entreprise.
TERRENEUVE will contribute to the project by the execution of an experimental classroom where thermal and phonic comforts will be improved by the use of Typha based materials, with the possibility to compare performances of these new materials with the other classrooms previously realized without reinforced thermal insulation or acoustic absorbent.
TERRENEUVE could furthermore apply the result of these researches to the building of a polyvalent building, more complex due to its dimensions (10 m width, 5 m height), and participation of local enterprises which already collaborated with TERRENEUVE in the precedent stages of Xarito’s project, will contribute to the local dissemination of these new techniques.
TERRENEUVE direct contribution, through its expertise, to the project’s component 2 (evaluation of Typha based building materials), component 5 (realization of pilot buildings) and component 6 (dissemination of results to Senegalese professionals), will amount to a total, in kind, of USD 148,500.
GLPSSM
The “Groupe de Laboratoires de Physique des Solides et Science des Matériaux de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar » is a laboratory of the University of Dakar specialised in building materials.
GLPSSM will support the project with a total in-kind contribution of USD 200.000 which includes:
Valorization of the lab’s research work on Typha australis, salvinia molesta, andansonia digitata, hibiscus as building materials
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The development and realization of insulating panels
Tests of thermal conductibility and mechanical resistance of realized insulating panels
Research work on the development of complementary properties for Typha based materials, such as fire resistance
Contributing to the facilitation of professional workshops
Financing the costs of production of roof and wall insulating panels for pilot projects (i.e. the classroom in Dagana proposed by TerreNeuve).
GLPSSM expertise mobilized to the benefit of the project represents a total amount in kind of 200,000 USD.
ASN
ASN is Senegalese professional association that facilitates a dialog for the elaboration of national norms.
ASN will support the project by coordinating activities related to the elaboration of norms related to the use of new building materials for a total amount, in kind, of USD 2,974.
NAPORO Klima Dämmstoff GmbH (Austria)
The Austrian company NAPORO, based in Moosdorf, is specialized in developing Typha-based materials with constructional application ranging from heat insulation and sound protection to light-weight construction panels and aggregates for loam bricks.
NAPORO developed a patented technology and already produces in Austria cement bound Typha panels from vegetal material originated from Romania. NAPORO will contribute to the project, as technology carriers, by conducting the adaptation of its process to local conditions during an initial R&D phase on the insulation product, based on the existing process but using Senegalese input materials and manufacturing conditions. NAPORO will establish a small scale semi-automatic facility to satisfy initial demand during the project initial phase, with the goal to develop it to full scale production able to supply national and regional demand.NAPORO contribution to the financing of the project amounts a total in kind of USD 1,120,000.
KAITO
KAITO is a German enterprise, organized as joint stock organization, with subsidiary based in Senegal to develop renewable energies, energy supply and energy efficient applications in rural Western Africa. Central areas of development of Kaito activity in West Africa are sustainable forms of illumination, water supply and cooling in non-electrified rural areas. KAITO will participate through the assistance of its expertise to the project’s component 2 (identification and precertification of Typha based building materials), component 3 (design of a small scale facility), component 4 (identification of new architectural designs), component 5 (acquisition and realization of micro-projects) and component 6 (dissemination of projects results, through setting up commercialization channels in West Africa and training professionals).Kaito in kind contribution to the project will amount USD 215,000.
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PROJECT GOAL, OBJECTIVE, OUTCOMES AND OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES
The project goal is the reduction of GHG emissions through the accelerated transfer and adoption of advanced technologies.
The project objective is to facilitate the transfer of technologies necessary for the development in Senegal of a local production of thermal insulation material using Typha. It targets the improvement of energy efficiency in both rural and urban building techniques, particularly on the application of energy efficient building materials.
The project will result in enabling Senegal to reduce its energy-related CO 2 emissions by increasing energy efficiency in the building sector. This will be accomplished through the design, development, commercial production and application of a new thermal insulation material based on Typha.
Introducing such an innovation in building practices requires an important preliminary development work to adapt existing technologies to local materials and consumer profiles and intensive promotion of the proposed energy efficient building materials using indigenous raw materials, which in this case is the typha australis. The project is intended to raise interest and promote the development of new industrial chains and practices (including typha-based building material production, as well as the integration of such materials in building designs and practices, and generally raising awareness on the advantages of the uses of such materials) among national policy-makers, building practitioners (e.g., architects, engineers, contractors), building owners and developers and investors.
The project’s results will allow the implementation of new regulations on energy efficiency in buildings, which will be developed through a complementary project, by making available locally made and affordable building materials using indigenous raw materials. Activities aimed at raising awareness about the benefits of typha-based building materials will furthermore contribute to the development, approval and enforcement of these new regulations that support widespread production and use of such building materials. The results of the project will be disseminated as best practice example in the West African region. Moreover, the results will contribute to the ongoing regional energy efficiency policy development work coordinated by ECOWAS/UEMOA.
The project will finally contribute to transform a nuisance (Typha as an invasive plant) into a resource for local development and establish an appropriate management set up for its sustainable exploitation.
The project is comprised of 6 components whose outcomes are expected to contribute towards achiev-ing the project’s objective:
C omponent 1 : Sustainable Typha management Typha is at present considered as a nuisance that should be eradicated since the existence and propagation of this plant in the Djoudj birds reserve area is causing the non-preservation of biodiversity in that area. However, it has been found to be a potential resource for the production of electricity (as biomass fuel) or energy efficient building materials. In that regard, while exploiting the value added features of the typha plant, this project will also be able to address the need to preserve biodiversity in the unique Djoudj birds reserve area. To enable this, an activity on the establishment of the Djoudj reproduction area for various birds migratory species is included under this component to prevent noise from motorized typha harvesting machineries severely disturbing them.This component consist of activities on the establishment of an efficient management that will be in charge of defining the conditions of access to the typha resource, promote and secure investments on the processing and supply of this raw material for building material production; establishment of a sustainable raw material collection and supply system; and monitoring of Typha exploitation in order to prevent replacement of Typha by other invasive species. The expected outcome from the outputs of the activities that will be carried out under this component is secured supply of quality typha raw material ensuring large scale sustainable investment in the local production of typha-based building materials.
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Component 2 : Transfer of typha raw material processing technology Various vegetal materials are used worldwide as building materials, such as Typha, hemp, groundnut shells, bamboo, cane, etc. Although know-how exists to blend them either with cement or earth (clay), these must be adapted to local raw materials composition and local market requirements in order to ensure typha-based building materials that meet required physical, chemical and thermal properties that would result in the achievement of the target level of energy efficiency in buildings. This component comprise of activities that will address the barriers related to the sustainable supply of typha raw material for the continuous production of typha-based building materials. The expected outcome from the outputs of the activities that will be carried out under this component is scientifically and commercially certified Typha-based insulation material is widely applied in building projects in Senegal
Component 3 : Development of local productionInitiating small scale production of the innovative insulation materials is necessary to assess production constraints and costs in local environment, produce sample materials for demonstration projects and introduce of the new products into the local market. This component consists of activities that will address barriers to the local production of typha-based building materials. Such activities will, among others, contribute to the reduction of the risks for potential investors in such business. At the end of the project semi-automatic production will deliver sufficient quantities of thermal building materials to the domestic market and will thereby also consume a sufficient volume of Typha to justify investment in harvest equipment. In this regard, the expected outcome from the outputs of the activities that will be carried out under this component is small scale typha-based building materials production facilities are established.
Component 4 : Transfer of bio-climatic and energy efficient building technology Raising social acceptability of new building products and development of a local market will highly depend upon their integration into building technology and into the emergence of new bioclimatic architectural designs. This project component consists of activities that will address the barriers concerning the transfer of technology relating to bio-climatic and energy efficient building design and construction. The activities include, among others, capacity building for national architects, real estate companies, construction companies, promoters of social housing programs, and contractors in the application of new, local market oriented, building designs and technologies, as well as development and application of economically and technically feasible building design and construction technologies. The expected outcome from the outputs of the activities that will be carried out under this component is national and regional professionals are knowledgeable of applicable technologies on bio-climatic and energy efficient building designs and constructions.Component 5 : Typha-based building materials application demonstrations The demonstrations showcasing the feasible application of typha-based building materials (rehabilitation of existing buildings, new building in rural, suburban and urban sites) will allow validation of energy efficiency and the global environmental benefits of the promoted typha-based products and provide models for dissemination purposes. The more applications Typha based building materials can be efficiently utilized, the higher will be its social acceptability and the faster these new products will be distributed and supplied in the national and sub-regional building materials market. The expected outcome from the outputs of the activities that will be carried out under this component is Typha based building materials are widely used in energy efficient building designs and constructions.
Component 6 : Marketing and dissemination The capacity to fully deploy a new technology highly depends on the social demand for such technology (i.e., the extension of the sentiment that ‘this is something one must do or have’). This project component will address the barriers related to the market of energy efficient building materials, as well as information availability and awareness of the buildings sector and building practitioners about such products. The activities include, among others,
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awareness-raising programs targeted to building practitioners and policy makers regarding the benefits of energy efficiency and of the need to adopt new energy efficient building technologies, techniques and practices. New building practices will be promoted as a necessary complement to national strategies aiming at promoting the production of energy from renewable sources and the exclusive use of low energy consuming appliances/ equipment in order to ensure a national sustainable development and significant improvement in the conditions of access to energy. The expected outcome from the outputs of the activities that will be carried out under this component is Typha based building materials endorsed for thermal insulation in new building constructions. Dissemination of pertinent information about, and developed/produced by, the project at regional level in West Africa (partners such as ECREEE, UN-Habitat, CRATERRE are implementing similar activities in several countries) will be carried out. This is intended to replicate the deliverables, good practices and lessons learnt to stakeholders of other projects to create demand for energy efficient products such as the typha-based building materials, and encourage local investors to enter this new market. The potential for regional scale-up steps up the global significance of the project concerning Climate Change Mitigation.
Outcome 1- Secured supply of quality typha raw material ensuring large scale sustainable investment in the local production of typha-based building materialsA management structure for a sustainable exploitation of the Typha resource is established through a dialog with all concerned stakeholders. It defines the conditions of access to Typha material, including biodiversity management constraints, secures investors about the availability of raw material, and organizes raw material collection and supply, and the implementation of a monitoring of Typha exploitation in order to prevent its replacement by other invasive species.
The outputs necessary to achieve this outcome are:
Output 1.1: Developed and implemented Typha resource management structure
A strong partnership between the Saint-Louis Region Government and institutions concerned with Typha development control (SAED, OMVS, and DPN) will be developed to allow commercial exploitation of Typha.
Activities:
Establishment and operation of a dialog platform that is open for active participation by regional stakeholders and investors. This includes the formulation of a resource management framework, including a business plan, lobbying for its approval and enforcement, and evaluation of its performances all along the project. The role of this structure will be to create the conditions for a sustainable development of Typha resource, including the assessment of conditions of access to the Typha resource.
Capitalization of project experience and knowledge, and diffusion to local stakeholders. Information shared (technical harvesting practices and costs, minimum requested quality of raw material, quantities of raw material requested, etc…) are necessary to allow a shift from current practices (rough destruction of typha plant) to new practices allowing the valorization of the Typha material.
Coordination with major regional actors such as DPN (in charge of the management of the Djoudj Reserve, SAED, OMVS). Regional stakeholders will be periodically invited to meet and harmonize their strategies in order to optimize opportunities to develop the value added features of Typha a resource contributing to local development (sharing activities between rural and industrial structures, sharing Typha resource between various activities…).
GEF is expected to support the costs related to:
international and local consultant who will assist the Saint-Louis Regional Government in the establishment and the management of the dialog platform;
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the organization of periodic workshops with regional stakeholders;
the publication of the established management structure and its annual report.
Output 1.2: Established sustainable supply chain of Typha material
The availability of quality Typha dry material is secured in order to allow the development of the production of Typha-based building material on an industrial basis.
Activities:
Guided demonstration of harvesting, collecting, binding and drying; so that Typha material provided to the transformation unit meets requested quality specifications.
Participation of rural organizations and communities in the supply of Typha. Rural organizations are already involved in typha management for the maintenance of areas cleared by SAED/OMVS, Support of PGIAAPO, which is a feasibility study on the supply chain entities that would sustain the African Water Facility, and this includes the envisioned typha provision of new cutting boats. In collaboration with PGIAAPO, these organizations will be trained so that they can position as key partners of the transformation unit in the supply of Typha raw material production and distribution, identification and development of the supply chain entities including the business plans for these entities; discussions on, and promotion of these supply chain businesses to local investors and entrepreneurs.
Development of contractual harvest operations of large quantities of Typha (cutting before extraction on about 250 has) - As rural organization capacity might be insufficient to procure regularly the requested quantity of typha material when transformation unit expands its activity, the project will study the technical and economic feasibility, changing current practices of mechanical eradication of Typha from all-in-one operation to harvesting before extracting.
Costs of Typha harvesting by rural organization and their capacity of investment will be assessed. Purchase of Typha material to rural organisations will be supported by the project as a subsidy to the establishment of the facility during its pilot phase (materials necessary for designs and tests of proposed building materials, and running tests of the facility).
GEF is expected to support costs related to international and local consultant who will train and accompany local organization, and conduct financial and economic studies related to Typha supply operations.
Output 1.3: Established surveillance mechanism of biodiversity conservation
Since Typha will now be promoted as a resource, mechanisms have to be set up in order to allow both its nuisance aspect to be controlled, and to prevent the risk that it is replaced by other invasive species which would threaten the ecosystem and the related availability of water for all kinds of hygienic and productive use. As a result of project activities, Typha management is integrated in the regional environment management strategy developed by national and regional institutions.
Activities:
Documentation of the initial situation concerning the biodiversity and ecosystem conditions in areas where Typha typically grow in abundance; considering Typha as an input to new industrial processes results in a change into current Typha management strategies which has to be properly documented and monitored in order to minimize environmental risks.
Participation to regional workshops on environmental management Typha control or the valorization of indigenous vegetal resources as building materials; allowing sharing of experiences in the monitoring, maintenance and valorization of such resources.
Coordination with DPN, in charge of the management of the Djoudj birds' reserve, and OMVS; DPN has expressed high concern that mechanical operations in its area would be a risk the reserve as it would disturb bird reproduction; however, the biological eradication of Typha it is proposing could have a negative impact on Typha availability in the whole delta
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region. Activities will include identification and monitoring of a Typha management practices that can sustainably satisfy ecological and economic constraints.
GEF is expected to support:
The cost of an international consultant and a local consultant who will evaluate current environmental constraints, elaborate and implement a monitoring plan of environmental impact of commercial exploitation of Typha in a fragile ecological environment.
The participation of key stakeholders to regional workshops.
The diffusion of an annual report on environmental impact of Typha commercial exploitation.
Outcome 2 - Scientifically and commercially certified Typha-based insulation material is widely applied in building projects in SenegalExisting know-how about the use of vegetal materials in association with cement or earth (clay) are capitalized (acknowledged) and adapted to local raw materials composition and local market requirements.
The outputs necessary to achieve this outcome are:
Output 2.1: Scientifically and commercially certified Typha cement products
Energy efficient typha-based and cement building materials adapted to local technical and economical local environment are defined.
The costs of designed materials must be competitive in the Senegalese market, affordable so that it can be integrated in social housing programs (low income population will benefit from the project by an improved thermal comfort, and production will reach rapidly a scale at which costs will be optimized).
Activities:
Definition of energy efficient products adapted to technical and economical local environment; survey of national market (products, price), dialog with professionals (architects, real estate companies and cooperatives, entrepreneurs, finance sector), review of existing know-how.
Assessment of common Typha-cement compounds based on local Typha and local cement; characterization of local materials compared to foreign materials the technology to be transferred refers to.
Production of prototype Typha-cement products, and test in local facilities and in specialized laboratories in Austria.
Selection of target products based on the results of independent testing by national laboratories. Certification of selected products for their ability to meet national regulations, based in existing certification processes established by ASN or developed during the process of elaboration of new national regulations (or pre-certification if these regulations are still at a conception stage).
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International consultant and local consultant who will define the products to be locally developed and assess certification processes.
Local and foreign tests for the characterization of Typha material properties and elaboration of prototypes (including transport of local material for foreign tests, purchase of cement and equipment for local tests)
The cost of independent tests and certification of Typha-cement proposed products
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Output 2.2: Scientifically and commercially certified Typha earth products
Energy efficient Typha and clay based products, adapted to local technical and economical local environment are defined.
Activities:
Definition of energy efficient products adapted to technical and economical local environment; survey of national market (products, price), dialog with professionals (architects, real estate companies and cooperatives, entrepreneurs, finance sector), review of existing know-how.
Evaluation of adaptation of hemp-cement know-how; characterization of Typha properties as building material compared to Hemp and evaluation of needs to adapt the technologies to be transferred; comparison with characteristics of locally made groundnut shell-earth products.
Production of prototype Typha-clay products, and test in local facilities and in specialized labs in France.
Selection of target products based on the results of independent testing by national labs. Certification of selected products for their ability to meet national regulations, based on existing certification processes established by ASN or developed during the process of elaboration of new national regulations (or pre-certification if these regulations are still at a conception stage)
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will define the products to be locally developed and assess certification processes.
Allowances to students for research work on assessment of Typha-clay association
Local and foreign tests for the characterization of Typha material properties and elaboration of prototypes (including transport of local material for foreign tests, purchase of equipment for local tests)
The cost of independent tests and certification of Typha-clay proposed products.
Outcome 3 - Small scale typha-based building materials production facilities are establishedSmall scale production facilities are established and can produce building materials for pilot demonstration projects.
The outputs necessary to achieve this outcome are:
Output 3.1: Completed design of Small scale typha based building materials production facilities
Activities:
Conduct of comprehensive techno-economic feasibility of the typha-cement and typha-earth building materials production facilities.
Development of the basic and detailed engineering and construction designs of the small-scale production facilities for Typha-cement building materials.
Development of the basic and detailed engineering and construction designs of the small-scaled production facilities for Typha-earth building materials.
Development of the implementation plans for the installation of the typha cement building materials; including the operating procedures for the production facilities.
Development of the implementation plans for the installation of the typha earth building materials, including the operating procedures for the production facilities.
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GEF is expected to support the costs related to international and local consultants who will design the facilities.
Output 3.2: An established small-scale production facility for Typha cement building materials
Activities: Installation and evaluation of the typha cement building material production; that maintains
desired product quality.
Purchase of equipment for the production of pilot batches with the support of the project; extension of production line to enter commercial activity is financed by Naporo.
Technical assistance to the installation of the production facilities. Technical assistance for the monitoring of test runs of the production line. Establishment of an optimum allowable pricing for typha-based insulation materials Production of pilot batches and evaluation of the typha cement building material production
process for maintaining desired product quality, including supply of cement and coordination with PGIAAPO for the supply of Typha-raw material.
GEF is expected to support the cost of
International and local consultants who will supervise the installation (planning, logistics and assembly) of the production facility and monitor test runs.
Supply of basic production equipment and cement for pilot batches
Testing of products issued from pilot batches
Output 3.3: Local entrepreneurs that are capable of producing Typha earth building materials
Activities: Demonstration of the production process to local entrepreneurs and policy-makers; training of
at least 3 local entrepreneurs so that Typha-clay material is available for project’s partners (UN Habitat, Terre Neuve), raising awareness of local deciders (i.e., City of Saint-Louis, ..) and assistance for the integration of Typha-clay material in the conception of new housing programs.
Monitoring of production of pilot batches by local entrepreneurs trained by the project and assessment of key practices and controls to ensure stable quality of Typha-clay materials produced
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will train local entrepreneurs and monitor their production, and promote the use of new typha-clay materials to local deciders.
Production equipment for training and production experimentation purposes; purchase of equipment by the project for formation purposes. Ownership of these equipment will be transferred to local entrepreneurs once satisfactorily trained by the project
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Outcome 4 - National and regional professionals are knowledgeable of applicable technologies on bio-climatic and energy efficient building designs and constructionsKnowledge of bioclimatic and EE building designs from other countries is adapted to the local context, based on the experience of local professionals (architects, real estate companies and cooperatives, entrepreneurs, finance sector).
The outputs necessary to achieve this outcome are:
Output 4.1: Identified approaches to bio-climatic and energy efficient building designs suitable to the local context
National professionals (architects, real estate companies and cooperatives, entrepreneurs, finance sector) and selected regional experts are consulted for the elaboration of specification for the design of energy efficient buildings using Typha-based building materials
Activities:
Production of educational materials specifically designed for different building practitioners (architects, entrepreneurs, real estate companies…); including documentation and dissemination of developed specifications.
Organization and conduct of professional workshops and conferences; definition of planning conditions (climate, building types, usual construction manners), analysis of current practices on thermal efficiency.
Organization and operationalization of workgroups for the elaboration of specifications for the design of energy efficient buildings using Typha-cement based materials in the local context; Facilitation of the contribution of concerned professionals to the elaboration of new energy efficiency regulations.
Organization and operationalization of workgroups for the elaboration of specifications for the design of energy efficient buildings using Typha-earth based materials in the local context; contribution of concerned professionals to the elaboration of new energy efficiency regulations.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate these activities (part of related fees being supported by partners like CRATERRE)
Organization of professional workshops
Output 4.2: Completed and approved designs of prototypes by national and selected regional professionals
National professionals (architects, real estate companies and cooperatives, entrepreneurs, finance sector) and selected regional experts are involved in the design of prototypical solutions
Activities: Call for proposals of prototypes for urban, suburban, and rural customers and using Typha-
cement or Typha-earth based materials and selection through expert review. Testing of designs Energy Efficiency performances on experimental buildings (i.e. at
CEREER). Development of a handbook with standard designs of possible uses of typha-based building
materials.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities.
The attribution of a premium to selected proposals.
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Outcome 5 - Typha based building materials are widely used in energy efficient building designs and constructions Demonstration projects are implemented for each type of typha-based building material product proposed in various applications, targeting various potential customers.
The outputs necessary to achieve this outcome are:
Output 5.1: Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha cement based building materials application in building rehabilitations/retrofits
Activities: Selection of a rehabilitation project and evaluation of the baseline conditions; in collaboration
with the other proposed UNDP/GEF EE buildings regulation project. Design of Assistance to the integration of Typha-based materials in the design rehabilitation
project that will be demonstrated including the implementation plan and budget. Monitor the execution of the demonstration project (expertise); documentation of the techno-
economic feasibility of the reproduction of such project. Evaluation of the energy performance of the demonstration building; (i.e. measure of thermal
and phonic behaviour of internal and external walls); documentation of the demonstration and results evaluation and dissemination.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to:
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities.
The attribution of a premium to one selected project, in order to reduce over-costs related to the use of Typha-based materials. However, building promoter (developer) finances the demonstration (e.g., building permits), and development of the demo monitoring and evaluation of the building.
Output 5.2: Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha cement based building materials application in new modern buildings
Activities: Call for proposals for the realization of an energy efficient building using Typha-cement
building materials Evaluation of the expected energy behaviour and techno-economic feasibility of the selected
projects; elaboration of a monitoring and evaluation plan. Monitoring of the execution of the demonstration projects (expertise); documentation of the
techno-economic feasibility of the reproduction of such project. Evaluation of the energy performance of the demonstration building (i.e. measure of thermal
and phonic behaviour of internal and external walls); documentation of the demonstration and results evaluation and dissemination.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities
The attribution of a premium to 4 selected projects, in order to reduce over-costs related to the use of Typha-cement building materials (building promoters (developers) finance the execution of the building).
Output 5.3: Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha-earth based building materials applications in rural housing
Activities: Evaluation of the expected energy behaviour and techno-economic feasibility of a pilot project
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at Ndick Ecovillage (Saint-Louis Region); elaboration of a monitoring and evaluation plan. Monitor the execution of the demonstration projects (expertise); documentation of the techno-
economic feasibility of the reproduction of such. Evaluation of the energy performance of the demonstration buildings (i.e. measure of thermal
and phonic behaviour of internal and external walls); documentation of the demonstration and results evaluation and dissemination.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities (ANEV finances the execution of the demonstration (e.g., building permits), and development of the demo monitoring and evaluation plan).
Output 5.4: Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha-earth based building materials application in suburban housing
Activities: Evaluation of the expected energy behaviour and techno-economic feasibility of a pilot
projects proposed by UN-Habitat and Terre Neuve (Saint-Louis Region); elaboration of a monitoring and evaluation plan.
Monitoring of the execution of the demonstration projects (expertise); documentation of the techno-economic feasibility of the reproduction of such project.
Evaluation of the energy performance of the demonstration buildings (i.e. measure of thermal and phonic behaviour of internal and external walls); documentation of the demonstration and results evaluation and dissemination.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities. The execution of the demonstration is financed by UN-HABITAT, Terre Neuve and their supporting partners.
Output 5.5: Endorsed typha-based building material products suitable for compliance with requirements of the new Senegalese regulation on energy efficiency in buildings
Activities:
Typha based building materials endorsed for thermal insulation of new building constructions. Organization of pilot projects visits by professional (institutional deciders, real estate companies or cooperatives, architects, entrepreneurs, finance sector…) and discussions on technical acceptability of proposed Typha-based building materials and building concepts.
Evaluation of social acceptability of Typha-based building materials and building concepts through investigation on the perception that neighbouring populations have of the pilot projects.
Contributions to the elaboration of new Senegalese regulations on EE in buildings; propositions for pertinent accompanying measures, based on a synthesis of evaluations of each demonstration projects, comments from professional visitors and neighbouring populations of these projects ; and control that locally made Typha-based building materials are correctly referred.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities.
Organization of professional workshops.
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Outcome 6 - Typha based building materials endorsed for thermal insulation new building constructionsConditions are created to allow investments in the local production of new building materials using typha as raw material.
The outputs necessary to achieve this outcome are:
Output 6.1: Disseminated promotional materials on new energy efficient building materials
Communication activities contribute to enhance the image of locally produced typha-based building materials in the mind of customers and to develop their social acceptability. They are based on the evaluation of concerns expressed by national professional (architects, real estate companies and cooperatives, entrepreneurs, finance sector) during workshops included in components 4 and 5.
Activities:
Design, development and implementation of public advertising of (posters and newspapers) campaign for the use of locally produced typha-based building materials.
Design, production and dissemination of video clips on pilot projects results and diffusion on national and regional TV channels.
Inclusion of this GEF project as best practice example in the regional energy efficiency awareness campaign and publications of the ECREEE-SEWA project.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
Part of International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities (part of these being supported by ANEV and CRATERRE).
Public advertising campaign (street advertising), and TV diffusion of a video on projects results.
Output 6.2: Approved and endorsed strategies for promoting the use of new energy efficient building materials.
Integration of the promotion of new building materials and designs with other national strategies (e.g., promotion of the use of renewable energies and of low consumption lamps) contribute to generate a national demand for new energy efficient materials.
Activities:
Training of Senegalese and selected regional professionals on Development, operation and maintenance the use and performances of Typha-based building materials and building concepts related to improved energy efficiency in buildings.
Development, operation and maintenance of a website platform for dissemination of know-how and product information in cooperation with the web-based ECOWAS Renewable Energy Observatory of ECREEE.
Diffusion of information on new Senegalese regulations and standards on energy efficiency in building and accompanying measures; collaboration with ECREEE for the acknowledgement of project results in the elaboration of the regional energy efficiency policy of ECOWAS.
On-line expert advices to the conception of new building programs.
Evaluation of endorsed strategies through the analysis of the frequency of visits to the project website, on-line survey, and solicitations for expert advice.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities.
Organization of professional training courses.
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Creation of a website dedicated to the promotion of the use of Typha-building materials.
Output 6.3: Business proposals of national and regional investors for the production of new energy efficient building materials
Investments are planned in order to meet the national and regional demand for energy efficient building materials; in particular in full coordination with the another UNDP-GEF project on the promotion of energy efficiency in buildings (parallel to present project as specified in the section on Country Eligibility, Country Eligibility & Drivenness).
Activities:
Organization and conduct of workshops for raising awareness of national and regional investors and financial sector on the potential market for energy efficient building material.
Sensitization of the finance sector in Senegal and West Africa through follow up of participants to above workshops.
Development of business plans for selected investment projects on EE building materials production; including evaluation of the impact of the use of Typha-based materials and building concepts on the sensitization of the finance sector, establishment of an optimum allowable pricing for typha-based insulation materials, and promotion to address national financial operators.
GEF is expected to support the costs related to
International and local consultants who will coordinate related activities.
Organization of professional workshops with investors and finance sector.
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PROJECT INDICATORS The main global environmental impact of the project is the reduction of CO2 emissions. The underlying local impacts from the development of the transferred technology contribute to the overall sustainability of the project and thus are critical to the continued reduction in CO2 emissions.
A strong baseline, along with measurable indicators, will need to be established in order to properly monitor the impact of the project. This will need to be done before the production facilities of Typha-based insulation materials are established and implemented. The impact monitoring will be done on an annual basis by the project implementation team, and the results will be used by the project team for improving and/or revising the development or dissemination strategy of the project.
The project key indicators are SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound) and are selected according to the feasibility of obtaining / producing and updating the data necessary to monitor and evaluate the project through them.Key Indicators for Impact Monitoring
Impact to Be Monitored
Indicators Verification Means
CO2 emissions reduction
Reduction in energy consumption in buildings that integrate the new insulation material
- Survey of architects, builders and Government agencies
- Analysis of energy bills- Dedicated on-site metering (demonstration projects)
Share of existing constructions and building projects that integrate the new insulation material
Number of buildings projects that integrate the new insulation material
- Survey of architects, developers, real estate companies and Government agencies
- Accounting documents, customers records
Number of existing buildings rehabilitated with the new insulation material
- Survey of architects, developers, real estate companies and Government agencies
- Accounting documents, customers records - National communication on emissions
Total surface of walls and roofs insulated with the new insulation material
Survey of architects, developers, real estate companies and Government agencies
- Accounting documents, customers records
Contribution to local development
Number of temporary and permanent positions created for the new commercial activity
- Activity reports - Accounting documents
Income generated by Typha harvesting activities at village level
- Activity reports - Accounting documents
Increased awareness of professionals
Number of students and professionals in the building sector trained in the use of the new insulation material
- Survey of architects, developers, and Govt agencies- Activity reports- University / Technical & professional schools records- Number of distributed and downloaded guidebooks
and training material- Number of visits to the dedicated website providing
online EE building design courses
Number of distribution sites in the country
- Survey of professional associations in the building sector
Increased awareness of consumers
Perception of the contribution of Typha-based building materials to reduce energy bills
- Survey of customers, private and professionals, owning and renting buildings
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ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS
The project strategy, described in detail within this project document, makes the following key assumptions in proposing the GEF intervention:
Increased awareness and capacity will lead to a change in behaviour among the stakeholders of the building sector.
EE in the building sector will gradually become a key strategy for the mitigation of CC at the national level, as knowledge and information is made available.
Experimental results in the selected pilot areas can be extrapolated with high confidence level to the whole country and lessons learnt can be successfully disseminated in the West African region.
The project will be exposed to a series of legislative, institutional, technical and market risks which are detailed below. They were further elaborated and classified according to UNDP/GEF Risk Stan-dard Categories19, and assessed according to criteria of ‘impact’ and ‘likelihood’. Risk Assessment Guiding Matrix
Impact
Likelihood
5.CRITICAL 4.HIGH 3.MEDIUM 2.LOW 1.NEGLIGIBLE
5. CERTAIN / IMMINENT Critical Critical High Medium Low
4. VERY LIKELY Critical High High Medium Low
3. LIKELY High High Medium Low Negligible
2.MODERATELY LIKELY Medium Medium Low Low Negligible
1.UNLIKELY Low Low Negligible Negligible Considered to pose no determinable risk
Legislative Risks The enforcement of the Thermal and Energy Efficiency Building Code and the elaboration of new standards for Energy Efficiency in Building in Senegal, for which UNDP/GEF’s support is sought by a parallel project, should frame a favourable legislative context for the technology transfer. Setting Energy Efficiency in any modern building as compulsory, it creates an opportunity for an increased use of insulation materials in buildings. However efficacy of such a regulation is highly linked to the technical feasibility and economical sustainability of the constraints it induces for the concerned actors.
The current efforts of ECOWAS to develop a regional energy efficiency policy which will include the adoption of minimum appliances and building standards will contribute positively to that process.
Institutional Risks The Senegalese government is highly committed to the promotion of economy of energy and the use of renewable energies. At local level, the Regional Government of the Saint-Louis Region is committed in the implementation of the territorial approach of climate change recommended by UNDP.The main institutional risk is due to the difficulty that might raise to coordinate the action of different institutions in a context of the preparation of presidential elections: Ministry of Environment in charge of the climate change policy, Ministry of Ecovillages in charge of the promotion of sustainable rural and suburban housing, Ministries of Urbanization, Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Energy, etc.
19 Includes the following eight categories: environmental; financial; operational; organizational; political; regulatory; strategic; and other.
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Technical RisksTypha extraction has been conducted up to now in the sole purpose of eradicating this invasive plant. The development of new industrial activities aiming at developing the value added features of that plant might paradoxically result into difficulties to get access to this abundant resource, for the following reasons:
The new industrial processes aiming at developing Typha as a raw material, which to be collected will request supplementary machinery equipment to cut Typha leaves before root extraction: a totally manual process, as currently practiced by local communities to satisfy the demand of experimental projects, is not cost-effective for the supply large volumes. Such an investment is not affordable by local actors in rural communities.
When Typha becomes an economical resource, the harvesting and use of this plant which currently has no value and doesn’t belong to anyone, will generate conflicts between those that will claim to control its access.
A large part of Typha resource is located in the Djoudj National Park domain and thus its access will be regulated to preserve biodiversity and environmental conditions in this important migratory birds' reproduction area.
Actual Typha eradication strategy, include a research, largely supported by Djoudj National Park administrators on biological control, which might results, if it succeeds as it did for Salvinia Mollesta sp., in a drastic reduction of Typha development - and thus resource for industrial processes - not only in Djoudj area but in all the Saint-Louis region.
Market Risks Social acceptability of new building materials is also an important issue as for the last two decades cement buildings has been set as a reference and has become a symbol of modernity.
The affordability, possibility of on-site production, and social acceptability are market penetration factors which would only be assessed on the edge of the project.
Consumers might also not see the benefit in, or lack the financial capacity for, purchasing more expensive insulation building material although their utilization would result into long term significant benefits.
As it occurred with cement adoption, even by the poorest, introduction of new building material must be associated to a movement generalizing its use to any type of housing and income level, through an intense promotion of new building concepts and techniques closely linked to campaigns for a sustainable development : such marketing efforts largely depend upon the decision from the national private sector to disseminate the results of the project and invest in the production, commercialization and promotion of new building materials and concepts.
Financial RisksSignificant investment is required for the transformation of Typha into a robust insulation material and the industrial production of new building materials.
The financial sector in Senegal scarcely finance innovation, and difficulties to secure regular supply of Typha raw material given the specific national context of this proliferation (major environmental risk) might appear to them to result into a major financial risk.
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Project Management RisksIn a project of this nature, a committed project manager with adequate outreaching and networking skills is absolutely essential for the success of the activities. He/she should have an ability to foster synergies between various kinds of actors.
The expertise the project relies upon to accompany the Technology Transfer process consist for a large part of in-kind investment of partners acting as technologies carriers. International and local consultants which contributions are financed on the project’s budget are more oriented to socio-economic, biodiversity, financial issues.
The risk is that technologies carriers, for any reason which might be independent from the project itself (loss of capacity, timing of activities, private business constraints or opportunities, national business environment,…), change their investment focus or suspend their expected contribution.Critical risks and possible mitigation measures
Risk Risk Rating Risk Mitigation Measure
The new regulation is not adapted to the local current capacities. It doesn’t act as an impulsion for the adoption of new materials and practices by national actors.
M
(P = 2I = 4)
Measures to mitigate risks associated with EE regulation include actions to encourage national government authorities by giving them a better understanding of the need to adopt energy efficient building regulations.
Strong links are established between the EE project and the Typha project, for instance for the implementation of a pilot rehabilitation operation.
Inefficacity due to low coordination and competition between institutions concerned
L
(P = 2I = 3)
A close coordination will be established with Administration in charge of Housing and Urbanization allows involvement of all major institutional stakeholders concerned.DEEC role in the project is to facilitate communication between institution and the involvement of any of these concerned by project’s activity. Being not directly involved in operational activities, it offers other institutions the opportunity to each of them achieve its own development goal.It capacity to mobilize other partner institutions at high level has been demonstrated by the number and quality of the participants to the workshops organized during the preparation process of the present project.
Unavailability of Typha row material due to lack of harvesting equipment, conflicts raising about the control of a new economical resource and the constraints raised by the necessity to preserve the unique Djoudj ecology system.
M
(P = 3I = 3)
A component is dedicated to the establishment of a sustainable Typha management structure, decentralized at regional level and promoting a strong commitment from the Region of Saint-Louis Government and the city of Saint-Louis, both of them showing a high concern for climate change issues.The project has set coordination with SAED, DPN and OMVS as a success factor in the elaboration of a Typha sustainable management strategy, and identified that it must consider the constraints of preserving biodiversity into the Djoudj Reserve.Financial institutions such as ADB have shown interest in financing the extra costs due to improved Typha extraction techniques and the project proposes to explore finance carbon opportunities as long term resource to support sustainable management of the Typha resource.Furthermore a request is being addressed by PGIAAPO to the African Water Facility, which includes the purchase of 2 mowing boats to be operated by local communities.
Insufficient finance is locally available from private investors and the finance institutions to support the development of an industrial
M
(P = 3I = 3)
National professionals involvement all along the process of definition, test and evaluation of proposed products allow raising among them awareness of the new market potential and willingness to invest in its development.Close coordination with parallel elaboration of a new Energy
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Risk Risk Rating Risk Mitigation Measure
production of new building materials.
Efficiency regulation framework, allowed by the supervision of the two projects by the same institution (DEEC), will facilitate the evaluation and definition of pertinent accompanying measures necessary to develop a new market and encourage investment in innovative materials production.Partnership with specialists and projects studying other vegetal materials, including national material laboratories and research centres will allow identifying paths of diversification for the new facilities established with the support of the project.Partnership with specialists of sustainable and regional development will contribute to promote the elaboration of solutions for decentralized, on site production which can be easily reproduced nation-wide as a complement to industrial development.
Insufficient visibility of the potential market for energy efficient building materials will prevent the mobilization of national investors.
H
(P = 3
I = 4)
Kaito, one of the major partners and technology carrier in the program, is already established in Senegal and develops markets for these products at a regional scale.Professional organizations will be associated from the early stages (elaboration of technical specifications) so that they adopt the new building materials into their practices and contribute to their promotion.An important component of the program consists of pilot projects implemented by partners that are active nation-wide promoters of sustainable housing.Coordination with the institutions in charge of the elaboration of a new Energy Efficiency regulation will facilitate the identification and implementation of pertinent additional financial incentives and/or mechanisms aimed at facilitating access of consumers to more expensive buildings.
Difficulties to mobilize expected private expertise to support and accompany the technology transfer process will reduce the capacity to step from research activity to market development.
M
(P = 2
I = 4)
The private partner, Naporo invests, during the project process, important resources in the establishment of a small scale production unit of Typha-based building materials which strongly commit them to the success of the project. Operational management of the project is implemented by a technical committee which associates the DEEC (Environment Department), ANEV (Ecovillages national Agency), and the Regional Government of Saint-Louis. Their involvement in the management of the project ensures that political climate change issues, operational nation-wide dissemination issues and resource management issues are properly and efficiently addressed, and the resulting dynamic is able to maintain the interest of targeted partners all along the project process.
Overall Risk Rating (average probability and impact)
M(P = 2,5I = 3,5)
Note: N: negligible; L: low; M: medium; H: high; C: Critical (cf risk assessment matrix) P: Probability; I: Impact (from 1=very low to 5= very high)
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INCREMENTAL REASONING AND EXPECTED GLOBAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL BENEFITS
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has a global benefit, and measures to reduce emissions could be undertaken in developing countries in order to meet goals agreed under the Convention. Technology issues have moved to the centre of climate change negotiations and the Parties to the UNFCCC have emphasized the importance of transferring sound technologies in developing countries.
Through this project, the GEF will contribute to lifting institutional, methodological and strategic bar-riers to sustainable development at large scale of energy-efficient insulation material and the creation of an adapted market environment. GEF support will:
facilitate participatory development of an innovative industrial process as a whole, resulting in the establishment of a sustainable management framework of Typha resource ;
contribute to the removal of identified constraints, the harmonization of approaches among cross-sectoral partners (necessary preliminary for the development of synergies between them) and to facilitate the participation of local investors in the development of a new industrial branch ;
Be instrumental for reaching out all potential stakeholders which are particularly numerous in the construction sector.
Through the transferred technology, improved EE will be achieved, leading to associated national and local benefits such as reduced local pollution from the burning of fossil fuels, strengthened national energy security through reduced dependency on imported fuels as well as direct socioeconomic bene-fits in terms of reduced energy bill of final end-users, income generation in Saint-Louis region, im-proved comfort in rural and suburban housing.
The complementary national economic benefits include new employment and business opportunities from the increased use of different energy efficient and renewable energy technologies and/or materi -als, their installation and related after-sale services.
The environmental benefits include the improvement of the sustainability of current approaches of Typha invasion control. The project will facilitate the substitution of a strategy aimed at eradicating Typha by an approach based on the management of an equilibrium between the necessity to preserve local biodiversity from an invasive plant, the potential contribution of this plant to a more sustainable energy development of the country, and the raising interest for all the economic impacts that could re-sult from its exploitation.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS
In Senegal, private and public sector buildings consume more than 60% of the overall generated power, mostly through the use of air-conditioning appliances in buildings, all constructed without any thermal insulation and thermal protection.
An average office building and residential building that are insulated with a Typha climate wall have the potential to reduce their cooling loads by a minimum of 30%. Under the project, a minimum of 900 office buildings in Senegal can be retrofitted with typha insulation materials, and about 350 new residential buildings can also be provided typha insulation. The potential direct reduction of CO2 emissions targeted by the improvement of Energy Efficiency in modern buildings is about 787.5 tons CO2. The indirect related CO2 emission savings are up to 86,124 tons.
Considering the US$ 2 million from the GEF as support for this project, the unit abatement cost is 2,000,000 / 86,124 = US$ 23.2/ton CO2.
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The table below shows estimations by Naporo of the potential development of its activity in Senegal.
The small scale production set up with the support of the project will have an output of maximum 1,000 m3 per year.
Establishing a full scale production (output max. 20,000 m3 per year for example, as planned by Naporo), will need a further investment. One of the expected outcomes of the project has something to do with raising the interest of the relevant stakeholders and key actors in the country’s buildings sector on this new industrial market particularly among building practitioners and the banking sector from which support for such investment will be expected.Naporo’s Forecast for Typha-cement materials production
Year 1 2 3 4 5Project phase
Facility capacity (m3/year) 42 400 3420 7750 19600InputsCement (tons/year) 6 50 500 1100 2800Typha – dry matter (tons/year) 6 50 500 1100 2800ProductsInsulation panels (Offices)
Senegal 2 50 100 200 400Ecowas 120 250 500
Micro projects (Houses)Senegal 4 20 40 80 120Ecowas 15 80 150 250
Bricks Export (equiv. houses) 20 50 150In addition to this,
Large demand for Typha material will allow the sustainable implementation of a 2-phases operation of Typha extraction (e.g., keeping leaves clean), and will result in reduction of methane emissions from extracted Typha which have not been yet assessed.
The large-scale application of existing energy-efficient and adapted technologies could therefore contribute to substantially decrease the energy-related CO2 emissions in Senegal. This project aims at analyzing the best available and appropriate standards for producing Typha-based insulation material, at implementing bioclimatic building projects in Senegal and as a consequence at creating the framework conditions for more cost-effective transfer of Typha-based thermal insulation techniques and their accelerated diffusion on the domestic market and abroad.
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PROJECT CONSISTENCY WITH NATIONAL PRIORITIES/PLANS: Senegal has ratified the UNCCC convention in June 1994 and the Kyoto protocol in July 2001. The project stems from Decision 4/CP.13 of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, which requested the GEF to elaborate a strategic program to scale up investment on technology transfer, and the resulting GEF Council-approved Strategic Program on Technology Transfer that was also endorsed by the Conference of the Parties in Poznan in December 2008. The accelerated adoption of advanced technologies in developing countries is now recognized as essential to both achieving the global goal of reducing the GHG emissions into the atmosphere and allowing those countries to adapt to the consequences of a changing climate.
Barriers like the high costs of a new technology (possibly offset by benefits), lack of technical information, import and export restrictions, inadequate government policies and regulations, outdated procurement requirements, inappropriate technology codes and standards, and lack of experience in accelerating technology uptake can all hinder efforts to transfer technologies from one country to another.
The project adheres to the framework and the strategic national plan to combat CC. The project for lo-cally producing Typha-based insulation material embraces the recommendation of this plan related to energy efficient buildings. Moreover, expected outputs and outcomes for this project are designed to achieve the objectives and the strategies for poverty reduction (as defined in PRSP-2) and to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). This vision is integrated into the energy sectoral policy un-der the section dedicated to EE in public buildings and the 2009-2013 National Upgrade Programme (Programme national de mise à niveau des entreprises) in the domestic industrial sector which in-cludes a component related to EE.
The activity is in line with the decisions of ECOWAS and UEMOA to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy in the region.
At local level, the region of Saint-Louis is together with Fatick Region, also in Senegal, one of the first in the world to have positively answered to UNDP proposition to reorient strategies of climate change mitigation and adaptation towards territorial approach, more efficient and easier to implement than lasting international consensus. This led to the inclusion of the region of Saint-Louis into UNDP Territorial Approach of Climate Change (TACC) programme, currently under implementation.
Apart from Saint-Louis which benefits from a micro-climate, neighbouring regions to Ross-Bethio and Dagana, and to Louga have a rather hot, arid climate inducing rough conditions of life. Improving housing is thus an important component of regional approach for sustainable development.
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COUNTRY OWNERSHIP: COUNTRY ELIGIBILITY AND COUNTRY DRIVENNESS
Senegal ratified the UNFCCC on 17 October 1994 and the Kyoto Protocol on 20 July 2001.
The project will draw on the work of the UNFCCC Expert Group on Technology Transfer, the body established by Parties to provide guidance on technology matters to the Convention. The project fits within the Government’s overall plan to reduce energy costs in the building sector by integrating EE standards and practices in building design and management.
The project builds from the regional GEF project ENERBAT, collaboration between Ivory-Coast and Senegal to promote EE buildings. Additionally, the present project will strongly liaise with the current UNDP-GEF proposal -under the Climate Change Mitigation window- entitled “National Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program through Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment in Senegal”. The project will also benefit from and contribute to the Global GEF Programmatic Framework on Energy Efficient Buildings.
The project is relevant to UNDP’s work on sustainable energy, to promote the faster development of markets for renewable energy and energy efficient technologies, often by focusing on identifying and removing barriers in the finance sector that hinder the uptake of new technologies. Successful activities have involved building capacities and easing the costs and risks of entry of new financial actors in climate-mitigation sectors.
Technology Transfer is a strategic priority for UNDP globally and in Senegal in particular. Through the current project, UNDP will place strong emphasis on capacity development and technical training of various public and private sector stakeholders in order to provide professionals with the necessary know-how and technical skills to develop new products compliant to with EE standards and to integrate such materials into the design specifications of construction projects.
With the ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE) and its network of National Focal Institutions (NFIs) the project has a strong partner which can create synergies to other activities in the region and can contribute to the replication of the project results in other West African countries.
SUSTAINABILITY AND REPLICABILITY
SustainabilityThe sustainability of the project is based on an effort to ensure that energy efficiency is better understood by investors, professionals and the general public, and efficient designs and building materials become standard practice in the service industry through the participation of professionals at every stages of the implementation of the program.
The proposed demonstration projects will provide a solid foundation for transforming the construction sector’s perception of energy efficiency. The demonstration projects in the targeted sectors will be documented to highlight the benefits of energy efficient building designs. These case studies will be shared with industry professionals through their trade associations, trade conferences and the media.
A number of specific activities are proposed under this project that can ensure its sustainability:
Establishment of a local Typha management framework in order to secure its availability as quality raw material for industrial processes.
Large participation of international and local experts in the definition of specifications to be achieved by the new Typha-based building materials, in order to answer the specificity of the local demand.
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Strong partnership with professional associations ensuring that project information is disseminated via their newsletters and workshops to the professional memberships of these associations.
Regular training programmes to industry professionals.
Certification by national laboratories of the proposed materials.
Large communication campaigns to develop a large consensus on the pertinence of using new locally made, building material.
Sustainability of the project will be increased by synergies it will develop with:
The concomitant elaboration of new energy efficiency in buildings regulation framework.
Local, regional and national climate change strategies, of which the project is expected to increase significantly the environmental, social and economic impacts, by the setting up of an operational management framework associating key institutions that are DEEC, ANEV, and Saint-Louis Regional Government.
Other energy efficiency activities of ECREEE.
ReplicabilityGiven the expressed interest of a number of countries in the region to develop and implement energy efficiency building projects, the outputs, results and lessons learnt in this project are expected to be of direct interest to other countries. Close monitoring and evaluation of the project implementation and results take on added importance in this context.
Technical partners such as CRATerre, Ort Gang Architektur, UN-HABITAT, and Kaito develop their activities in number of West African countries, and thus will directly contribute to regional replicability of the project. As already described, there are a lot of possible synergies to other projects implemented by ECREEE.
Specific activities of the project include participation of the management team to regional workshops, and various communication activities (dedicated internet website, professional workshops, awareness campaigns, etc.) aiming at raising the interest of national professionals to appropriate and develop project’s achievements.
Furthermore the project will develop both a model of dynamic management of an invasive plant, and a model of integration into a territorial approach of climate change which could be referred as best practices, with a high worldwide replication potential.
As of the Senegal river, the Niger river, a 4,180 km long lifeline in the Sahel shared by five West African countries (Guinea, Mali, Niger, Benin and Nigeria), is today also damaged by Typha.
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PART III: Management Arrangements
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
Stakeholders Involvement Plan During the preparatory assistance phase, a number of activities were undertaken to ensure broad consultation among stakeholders and to maximize the opportunities to disseminate project information. The principal activities included:
Regular meetings of the project team (international and national experts)
Additional meetings and contacts with key stakeholders, including national and regional public actors (e.g. DEEC, ANEV, Saint-Louis Regional Government, ECREEE), national private sector actors (e.g. SNHLM, Sococim, Eiffage, GLPSSM, AARMN), international partners (e.g. CRATerre, Terreneuve, UN-Habitat, ECREE, Nubian Vault Association), development projects (e.g. PGIAAPO, PERACOD).
All-day workshops at the beginning and at the end of the process of elaboration of the Project Document, on 22 May 2010 and 24 march 2011, at DEEC, attended by representatives of the public (related ministries and construction companies) and private sector, hosted by DEEC and UNDP.
In-depth survey of the Senegalese buildings sector on both the supply and demand sides, including real estate developers, architects, engineers and suppliers, to gauge their awareness, understanding and guidance on EE issues.
A baseline and scenario analysis of housing energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions.
The project will schedule a number of workshops at the start of the project, as well as at critical points during its implementation to ensure: (i) close coordination with private sector companies representing developers, architects, suppliers and energy audit bureaus; (ii) contributions from national materials laboratories and research centres and (iii) continued collaboration between the executing entity and participating ministries to ensure the broadest possible level of political and administrative support.
Participation and involvement of these stakeholders will continue during the project through: Project Technical Committee meetings Training sessions and other outreach/capacity building activities
Dissemination Strategy Results from the project will be disseminated within and beyond the project intervention zone through a number of existing information sharing networks and forums. In addition:
The project will participate, as relevant and appropriate, in UNDP/GEF sponsored networks, organized for Senior Personnel working on projects that share common characteristics and concerned by key issues of Integrated Ecosystem Management, Energy Efficiency, Social Housing Programmes and Territorial Climate Change Management.
ECREEE will include the project in its workshop, conference and publication activities regarding energy efficiency. The GEF project will be included as best practice into the regional energy efficiency awareness campaign of the SEWA project of ECREEE. Moreover, the project results will be published and disseminated through the ECOWAS Renewable Energy Observatory managed by ECREEE. The project will also benefit from the coordination and knowledge management mechanism of the regional project of the GEF West Africa Energy Programme Component.
The project will identify and participate, as relevant and appropriate, in scientific, policy-
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based and/or any other networks, which may be of benefit to project implementation though lessons learned. Access to such networks will be largely facilitated by the international partnerships mobilized by the project.
The project will identify, analyze, and share lessons learned that might be beneficial in the design and implementation of similar future projects. Identify and analyzing lessons learned is an on- going process, and the need to communicate such lessons as one of the project's central contributions is a requirement to be delivered not less frequently than once every 12 months. UNDP/GEF shall provide a format and assist the project team in categorizing, documenting and reporting on lessons learned.
Project activities include
Market surveys, in order to adapt the specification of building materials and the associated architectural concepts to the local market
Assistance to local operators for the elaboration of building projects, business plans for industrial fabrication of Typha-based materials and raising awareness of the finance sector about the sustainability of targeted investments.
Intense communication campaigns aiming at creating a large consensus about the sustainability of Typha-based building materials.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Project OversightOversight of project activities will be the responsibility of:
The Project Board (PB), in which participate all institutions concerned by Energy Efficiency in buildings (e.g. participants in the two preparatory workshops). This same committee will supervise the activities of the Energy Efficiency Regulation Framework project, which is also submitted to GEF’s support.
Day-to-day operational oversight will be ensured by UNDP, through the UNDP Country Office in Senegal, and strategic oversight by the UNDP/EEG Regional Technical Advisor (RTA) responsible for the project.
Project Management The project will be coordinated by the Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés (DEEC) of the Ministry in charge of Environment, acting as project’s implementing agency.
A Technical Committee will be set for the management of operational activities. Its members are:
DEEC o Coordinates the Technical committee’s activities.o Manages relations with other governmental concerned institutions.
Saint-Louis Regional Government : o Coordinates activities of component 1 (establishment of a sustainable Typha
management framework).o Coordinates the involvement into project’s activities of and facilitate cooperation
between any major actor concerned by Typha management at regional level, such as Saint-Louis city, SAED, OMVS, DPN (in charge of Djoudj National Park management), and private actors interested in investing in the valorization on a large scale of Typha row material for various purposes.
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ANEV (National Ecovillage Agency) : o Coordinates activities of component 4 (integration of Typha based materials into new
architectural concepts), component 5 (implementation of pilot projects) o Is closely involved in its component 6 (dissemination of results)o Coordinates the involvement into project’s activities of any actor involved in the
implementation of suburban housing programmes (such as Saint-Louis city, SNHLM, SICAP and housing cooperatives, the financial institutions that support them, and the national association of Architects), and with national research centres and laboratories specialized in building materials
Key Technology Transfer Partners, including NAPORO (Typha-cement technology), CRATerre (Typha-earth technology), UN-Habitat (urban building planning strategies)
o Technical advice to the project coordination
o Development of synergies between the three key sectors of development each of these partners represent
ECREEE (ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency)o ECREEE will participate in the meetings of the Technical Committee with regional
relevance.o Active engagement in the dissemination and capacity building activities among the
outcome areas 4 to 6. o Inclusion of the project as best practice in the regional awareness campaign on energy
efficiency of the SEWA project and the GEF project “Promoting Coordination, Coherence, Integration and Knowledge Management under the GEF West Africa Energy Programme”.
o Dissemination of project results through the ECOWAS Renewable Energy Observatory.
o Co-funding of workshops and invitation of experts of the GEF Typha project to present in other ECREEE conferences and training workshops.
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Project Management Structure
DEEC will assign a senior officer as the Project Coordinator. The National Project Coordinator is the focal point of the Government vis-à-vis the project, and, with the support of an Administrative Assistant, will have the following responsibilities: (i) ensuring coordination of all project activities between all parties (related ministries and other Government entities, UNDP and others); (ii) following up on all activities and transferring the opinion of the Government to the project during implementation; (iii) participating in periodic project meetings as well as TPR and Board meetings; (iv) assuring homogeneity at all levels (technical/ functional) and ensuring the quality assurance of process; (v) participating in preparing project progress and quarterly reports, biannual and final reports; (vi) participating in the selection panels for national and international consultants, and in the procurement and evaluation panels for tender; (vii) providing information at the technical level and on administrative issues (rules and regulations of the Government) to enhance the link between the project and the Government; (vii) ensuring smooth continued support from Government staff and other partners; and (ix) reporting of any problems or obstacles to the head of the executing agency and developing relevant solutions.
ECREEE will assign its energy efficiency expert, who is also responsible for the SEWA project, as permanent focal point for the Typha-project. He will be assisted from time to time by another expert responsible of the other GEF projects in ECREEE.
Technology Transfer ManagementProject’s components 2 and 3 are related to technology transfer (adaptation of existing technologies and setting up of small scale initial production capacity for demonstration purposes).
Project management at pilot production site level will be the responsibility:
for Typha-cement technology, of Naporo as private investor in that technology ;
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Technical Committee
DEECProject
Coordination Unit
ANEVCoordination of
Component 4 & 5
St-Louis RegionCoordination of Component 1
Other Technology Transfer PartnersECREEE, Terreneuve, Ort-Gang, ITerrae, PGIAAPO, AARMBN,
GLPSSM, SN HLM, Ordre des architectes … (Component 2 & 3)
Project Steering CommitteeDEEC, UNDP, St-Louis Region, Naporo, Kaito, SH HLM, UN Habitat, ANEV
DEECImplementing Agency
Project AssuranceUNDP Senegal
Technical Assistance &
supports
Tech. TransferNaporo, CRATerre,
UN-Habitat
for Typha-earth technology, of UN-Habitat, CRATerre and Terreneuve Architectes as social promoters of Typha-earth materials.
Technology transfer will be facilitated by the project by supporting costs related to:
Harvest of raw material during the 3 first years, for the identification of the building material products and test runs of the small scale facility established by Naporo.
Subsidizing projects using Typha-cement products for rehabilitation of existing building (through the contribution of the Energy Efficiency Regulation Framework project) and new urban buildings (selected through a call for proposals) in order to support over costs due to small scale production.
Facilitation of dialog with regional and national institutional and professional actors (workshops, dissemination of information).
Facilitation of the participation of national specialized laboratories and research centres in the testing of building materials.
Assistance of international and national experts for the evaluation and monitoring of socio-economic aspects conditioning social acceptability of the designed products, and biodiversity monitoring.
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PART IV: Monitoring and Evaluation Plan and Budget
MONITORING AND REPORTING
Project monitoring and evaluation will be conducted in accordance with established UNDP and GEF procedures and will be provided by the project team and the UNDP Country Office (UNDP-CO) with support from UNDP/GEF. The Logical Framework Matrix in SECTION II provides performance and impact indicators for project implementation along with their corresponding means of verification. These will form the basis on which the project's Monitoring and Evaluation system will be built.
The following sections outline the principle components of the Monitoring and Evaluation Plan and indicative cost estimates related to M&E Activities. The project's Monitoring and Evaluation Plan will be presented and finalized at the Project's Inception Report following a collective fine-tuning of indicators, means of verification, and the full definition of project staff M&E responsibilities.
Inception PhaseA Project Inception Workshop will be conducted with the full project team, relevant government counterparts, co-financing partners, the UNDP-CO and representation from the UNDP-GEF Regional Coordinating Unit, as well as UNDP-GEF (HQs) as appropriate.
A fundamental objective of this Inception Workshop will be to assist the project team to understand and take ownership of the project’s goals and objectives, as well as finalize preparation of the project's first annual work plan on the basis of the project's log frame matrix. This will include reviewing the log frame (indicators, means of verification, assumptions), imparting additional detail as needed, and on the basis of this exercise finalize the Annual Work Plan (AWP) with precise and measurable performance indicators, and in a manner consistent with the expected outcomes for the project.
Additionally, the purpose and objective of the Inception Workshop (IW) will be to: (i) introduce project staff with the UNDP-GEF expanded team which will support the project during its implementation, namely the CO and responsible Regional Coordinating Unit staff; (ii) detail the roles, support services and complementary responsibilities of UNDP-CO and RCU staff vis-à-vis the project team; (iii) provide a detailed overview of UNDP-GEF reporting and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) requirements, with particular emphasis on the Annual Project Implementation Reviews (PIRs) and related documentation, the Annual Project Report (APR), Tripartite Review Meetings, as well as mid-term and final evaluations. Equally, the IW will provide an opportunity to inform the project team on UNDP project related budgetary planning, budget reviews, and mandatory budget rephrasing.
The IW will also provide an opportunity for all parties to understand their roles, functions, and responsibilities within the project's decision-making structures, including reporting and communication lines, and conflict resolution mechanisms. The Terms of Reference for project staff and decision-making structures will be discussed again as needed in order to clarify for all, each party’s responsibilities during the project's implementation phase.
An Inception Workshop report is a key reference document and must be prepared and shared with participants for various agreements and plans decided during the meeting.
Monitoring responsibilities and events A detailed schedule of project reviews meetings will be developed by the project management, in consultation with project implementation partners and stakeholder representatives and incorporated in the Project Inception Report. Such a schedule will include: (i) tentative time frames for Tripartite Reviews, Steering Committee Meetings, (or relevant advisory and/or coordination mechanisms) and (ii) project related Monitoring and Evaluation Activities.
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Day to day monitoring of implementation progress will be the responsibility of the Project Coordinator, based on the project's Annual Work Plan and its indicators. The Project Team will inform the UNDP-CO of any delays or difficulties faced during implementation so that the appropriate support or corrective measures can be adopted in a timely and remedial fashion.
The Project Coordinator and the Project GEF Technical Advisor will fine-tune the progress and performance/impact indicators of the project in consultation with the full project team at the Inception Workshop with support from UNDP-CO and assisted by the UNDP-GEF Regional Coordinating Unit. Specific targets for the first year implementation progress indicators together with their means of verification will be developed at this Workshop. These will be used to assess whether implementation is proceeding at the intended pace and in the right direction and will form part of the Annual Work Plan. The local implementing agencies will also take part in the Inception Workshop in which a common vision of overall project goals will be established. Targets and indicators for subsequent years would be defined annually as part of the internal evaluation and planning processes undertaken by the project team.
Measurement of impact indicators related to global benefits will occur according to the schedules defined in the Inception Workshop and tentatively outlined in the indicative Impact Measurement Template at the end of this Annex. The measurement, of these will be undertaken through subcontracts or retainers with relevant institutions (e.g. vegetation cover via analysis of satellite imagery, or populations of key species through inventories) or through specific studies that are to form part of the projects Activities (e.g. measurement carbon benefits from improved efficiency of ovens or through surveys for capacity building efforts) or periodic sampling such as with sedimentation.
Periodic monitoring of implementation progress will be undertaken by the UNDP-CO through quarterly meetings with the project proponent, or more frequently as deemed necessary. This will allow parties to take stock and to troubleshoot any problems pertaining to the project in a timely fashion to ensure smooth implementation of project Activities.
UNDP Country Offices and UNDP-GEF RCUs as appropriate, will conduct yearly visits to projects that have field sites, or more often based on an agreed upon scheduled to be detailed in the project's Inception Report / Annual Work Plan to assess first hand project progress. Any other member of the Steering Committee can also accompany, as decided by the SC. A Field Visit Report will be prepared by the CO and circulated no less than one month after the visit to the project team, all SC members, and UNDP-GEF.
Annual Monitoring will occur through the Tripartite Review (TPR). This is the highest policy-level meeting of the parties directly involved in the implementation of a project. The project will be subject to Tripartite Review (TPR) at least once every year. The first such meeting will be held within the first twelve months of the start of full implementation. The project proponent will prepare an Annual Project Report (APR) and submit it to UNDP-CO and the UNDP-GEF regional office at least two weeks prior to the TPR for review and comments.
The APR will be used as one of the basic documents for discussions in the TPR meeting. The project proponent will present the APR to the TPR, highlighting policy issues and recommendations for the decision of the TPR participants. The project proponent also informs the participants of any agreement reached by stakeholders during the APR preparation on how to resolve operational issues. Separate reviews of each project outcome may also be conducted if necessary.
Terminal Tripartite Review (TTR)
The terminal tripartite review is held in the last month of project operations. The project proponent is responsible for preparing the Terminal Report and submitting it to UNDP-CO and LAC-GEF's Regional Coordinating Unit. It shall be prepared in draft at least two months in advance of the TTR in order to allow review, and will serve as the basis for discussions in the TTR. The terminal tripartite review considers the implementation of the project as a whole, paying particular attention to whether the project has achieved its stated objectives and contributed to the broader environmental objective.
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It decides whether any actions are still necessary, particularly in relation to sustainability of project results, and acts as a vehicle through which lessons learnt can be captured to feed into other projects under implementation of formulation.
The TPR has the authority to suspend disbursement if project performance benchmarks are not met. Benchmarks will be developed at the Inception Workshop, based on delivery rates, and qualitative assessments of achievements of outputs.
Project Monitoring Reporting The Project Coordinator in conjunction with the UNDP-GEF extended team will be responsible for the preparation and submission of the following reports that form part of the monitoring process.
Inception Report (IR)
A Project Inception Report will be prepared immediately following the Inception Workshop. It will include a detailed First Year/ Annual Work Plan divided in quarterly time-frames detailing the Activities and progress indicators that will guide implementation during the first year of the project. This Work Plan would include the dates of specific field visits, support missions from the UNDP-CO or the Regional Coordinating Unit (RCU) or consultants, as well as time-frames for meetings of the project's decision making structures. The Report will also include the detailed project budget for the first full year of implementation, prepared on the basis of the Annual Work Plan, and including any monitoring and evaluation requirements to effectively measure project performance during the targeted 12 months' time-frame.
The Inception Report will include a more detailed narrative on the institutional roles, responsibilities, coordinating actions and feedback mechanisms of project related partners. In addition, a section will be included on progress to date on project establishment and start-up Activities and an update of any changed external conditions that may affect project implementation.
When finalized the report will be circulated to project counterparts who will be given a period of one calendar month in which to respond with comments or queries. Prior to this circulation of the IR, the UNDP Country Office and UNDP-GEF’s Regional Coordinating Unit will review the document.
Annual Project Report (APR)
The APR is a UNDP requirement and part of UNDP’s Country Office central oversight, monitoring and project management. It is a self -assessment report by project management to the CO and provides input to the country office reporting process and the ROAR, as well as forming a key input to the Tripartite Project Review. An APR will be prepared on an annual basis prior to the Tripartite Project Review, to reflect progress achieved in meeting the project's Annual Work Plan and assess performance of the project in contributing to intended outcomes through outputs and partnership work.
The format of the APR is flexible but should include the following:
An analysis of project performance over the reporting period, including outputs produced and, where possible, information on the status of the outcome
The constraints experienced in the progress towards results and the reasons for these The three (at most) major constraints to achievement of results AWP, CAE and other expenditure reports (ERP generated) Lessons learned Clear recommendations for future orientation in addressing key problems in lack of progress
Project Implementation Review (PIR)
The PIR is an annual monitoring process mandated by the GEF. It has become an essential management and monitoring tool for project managers and offers the main vehicle for extracting
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lessons from ongoing projects. Once the project has been under implementation for a year, a Project Implementation Report must be completed by the CO together with the project. The PIR can be prepared any time during the year (July-June) and ideally prior to the TPR. The PIR should then be discussed in the TPR so that the result would be a PIR that has been agreed upon by the project, the executing agency, UNDP CO and the concerned RC.
The individual PIRs are collected, reviewed and analyzed by the RCs prior to sending them to the focal area clusters at the UNDP/GEF headquarters. The focal area clusters supported by the UNDP/GEF M&E Unit analyze the PIRs by focal area, theme and region for common issues/results and lessons. The TAs and PTAs play a key role in this consolidating analysis.
The focal area PIRs are then discussed in the GEF Interagency Focal Area Task Forces in or around November each year and consolidated reports by focal area are collated by the GEF Independent M&E Unit based on the Task Force findings.
The GEF M&E Unit provides the scope and content of the PIR. In light of the similarities of both APR and PIR, UNDP/GEF has prepared a harmonized format for reference.
Quarterly Progress Reports
Short reports outlining main updates in project progress will be provided quarterly to the local UNDP Country Office and the UNDP-GEF regional office by the project team. See format attached.
Periodic Thematic Reports
As and when called for by UNDP, UNDP-GEF or the Implementing Partner, the project team will prepare Specific Thematic Reports, focusing on specific issues or areas of activity. The request for a Thematic Report will be provided to the project team in written form by UNDP and will clearly state the issue or Activities that need to be reported on. These reports can be used as a form of lessons learnt exercise, specific oversight in key areas, or as troubleshooting exercises to evaluate and overcome obstacles and difficulties encountered. UNDP is requested to minimize its requests for Thematic Reports, and when such are necessary will allow reasonable timeframes for their preparation by the project team.
Project Terminal Report
During the last three months of the project the project team will prepare the Project Terminal Report. This comprehensive report will summarize all Activities, achievements and outputs of the Project, lessons learnt, objectives met or not achieved structures and systems implemented, etc. and will be the definitive statement of the Project’s Activities during its lifetime. It will also lay out recommendations for any further steps that may need to be taken to ensure sustainability and replicability of the Project’s Activities.
INDEPENDENT EVALUATION
The project will be subjected to at least two independent external evaluations as follows:
Mid-term EvaluationAn independent Mid-Term Evaluation will be undertaken at the end of the second year of implementation. The Mid-Term Evaluation will determine progress being made towards the achievement of outcomes and will identify course correction if needed. It will focus on the effectiveness, efficiency and timeliness of project implementation; will highlight issues requiring decisions and actions; and will present initial lessons learned about project design, implementation and management. Findings of this review will be incorporated as recommendations for enhanced implementation during the final half of the project’s term. The organization, terms of reference and timing of the mid-term evaluation will be decided after consultation between the parties to the project document. The Terms of Reference for this Mid-term evaluation will be prepared by the UNDP CO based on guidance from the Regional Coordinating Unit and UNDP-GEF. The management response
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and the evaluation will be uploaded to UNDP corporate systems, in particular the UNDP Evaluation Office Evaluation Resource Center (ERC). The relevant GEF Focal Area Tracking Tools will also be completed during the mid-term evaluation cycle.
Final EvaluationAn independent Final Evaluation will take place three months prior to the terminal tripartite review meeting, and will focus on the same issues as the mid-term evaluation. The final evaluation will also look at impact and sustainability of results, including the contribution to capacity development and the achievement of global environmental goals. The Final Evaluation should also provide recommendations for follow-up activities. The Terms of Reference for this evaluation will be prepared by the UNDP CO based on guidance from the Regional Coordinating Unit and UNDP-GEF.
The Terminal Evaluation should also provide recommendations for follow-up activities and requires a management response which should be uploaded to PIMS and to the UNDP Evaluation Office Evaluation Resource Center (ERC). The relevant GEF Focal Area Tracking Tools will also be completed during the final evaluation.
Audit ClauseThe Government will provide the Resident Representative with certified periodic financial statements, and with an annual audit of the financial statements relating to the status of UNDP (including GEF) funds according to the established procedures set out in the Programming and Finance manuals. The Audit will be conducted by the legally recognized auditor of the Government, or by a commercial auditor engaged by the Government.
M&E work plan and budget
Type of M&E Activity Responsible PartiesBudget US$
excluding Project Team Staff time
Time Frame
Inception Workshop Project Coordinator UNDP Senegal UNDP GEF Regional Coordi-
nating Unit5,000
Within first two months of project start up
Inception Report Project Team UNDP Senegal None
Immediately following IW
Measurement of Means of Verification for Project Purpose Indicators
Project Coordinator will over-see the hiring of specific studies and institutions, and delegate responsibilities to relevant team members
To be finalized in Inception Phase and Workshop.
Indicative cost: 15,000
Start, mid and end of project
Measurement of Means of Verification for Project Progress and Performance (measured on an annual basis)
Oversight by Project GEF Technical Advisor and Project Coordinator
Measurements by regional field officers and local IAs
To be determined as part of the Annual Work Plan's preparation.
Indicative cost: 20,000
Annually prior to APR/PIR and to the definition of annual work plans
APR and PIR Project Team UNDP Senegal UNDP-GEF Regional Coordi-
nating UnitNone
Annually
TPR and TPR report Government Counterparts UNDP Senegal Project team UNDP-GEF Regional Coordi-
nating Unit
None
Each year, upon receipt of APR
Steering Committee Meetings
Project Coordinator UNDP Senegal UNDP GEF Regional Coordi-
nating UnitNone
Following Project IW and subsequently at least once a year
Periodic status reports Project team
None To be determined by
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Type of M&E Activity Responsible PartiesBudget US$
excluding Project Team Staff time
Time Frame
Project team and UNDP CO
Technical reports Project team Hired consultants as needed 15,000
To be determined by Project Team and UNDP-CO
Mid-term External Evaluation
Project team UNDP Senegal UNDP-GEF Regional Coordi-
nating Unit External Consultants (i.e.
evaluation team)
20,000
At the mid-point of project implementation.
Final External Evaluation
Project team, UNDP Senegal UNDP-GEF Regional Coordi-
nating Unit External Consultants (i.e.
evaluation team)
20,000
At the end of project implementation
Terminal Report Project team UNDP Senegal External Consultant
5,000At least one month before the end of the project
Lessons learned Project team UNDP-GEF Regional Coordi-
nating Unit (suggested for-mats for documenting best practices, etc)
ECREEE
None
Annually
Audit UNDP Senegal Project team
10,000 (2,500 per year)
Annually
Visits to field sites (UNDP staff travel costs to be charged to IA fees)
UNDP Senegal UNDP-GEF Regional Coordi-
nating Unit (as appropriate) Government representatives
15,000
Annually
TOTAL INDICATIVE COST Excluding project team staff time and UNDP staff and travel expenses
US$ 125,000
Financial ModalityThe project will follow the modality of national execution and the Implementing Agency will be the DEEC of the Ministry in charge of Environment.
UNDP has been requested by the Government to provide technical and substantive assistance in setting-up the project. UNDP is in a prime position to assist the Government through its ability to build partnerships, coordinate between the various parties involved, obtain knowledge from global sources and experiences, build capacities, and assist with fund raising efforts. Cost sharing funds will be channelled through the UNDP bank account, and funds will be disbursed through the direct payments modality, with the implementing partner responsible for keeping records of payments. The project must open a separate bank account in order to receive and disburse any funds transferred from UNDP.
Upon the request of the implementing partner through the project manager, UNDP will be responsible for the recruitment and contracting of project staff in coordination with the Project Board and will be responsible for the purchase of non-expendable equipment in accordance with UNDP rules and procedures. The project will be nationally executed (NEX) by the Direction of Environment and Classified Buildings (Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés - DEEC), the National Ecovillages Agency
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(ANEV), the Regional Government of Saint-Louis, , the ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), Naporo Klima Dämmstoff GmbH (Austria), Kaito (Germany), CRATerre (France), Terreneuve (France), Ort-Gang Architektur (Austria), and UN-Habitat, all later referred to as the implementing partners. These partners will be responsible for the overall implementation of the project and for ensuring that the day-to-day activities are implemented in accordance with the work plan. They will also be responsible for supervising project staff and consultants, in coordination with UNDP.The UNDP National Execution modality will be employed, with the support of the UNDP Country Office. In addition to technical backstopping and monitoring activities provided regularly, the UNDP Country Office shall provide the Implementing Partner with support services for the implementation of the Project. This will ensure that technical and substantive expertise is available to the Project for coordination, recruitment, procurement and contracting. All implementation arrangements will be undertaken according to UNDP rules and regulations.Services shall be provided in accordance with UNDP procedures, rules and regulations. The implementing agency shall retain overall responsibility for the execution of the project and shall be responsible for, and bound by, any contracts signed by the UNDP Resident Representative, on behalf of the implementing partner and upon its request, for the procurement of goods and services and/or recruitment of personnel for the programme.In order to accord proper acknowledgement to GEF for providing funding, a GEF logo will appear on all relevant GEF project publications, including among others, project hardware and vehicles purchased with GEF funds.
The ECREEE logo will be included in relevant publications in line with the visibility and communication guidelines of the Centre
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PART V: Legal Context This Project document shall be the instrument referred to as such in the Article I of the Standard Basic Assistance Agreement (SBAA) between the Government of Senegal and the United Nations Development Programme, signed by the parties on 12 March 1981. The host country implementing agency shall, for the purpose of the Standard Basic Assistance Agreement, refer to the government co-operating agency described in that Agreement.
The following types of revision may be made to this Project Document with the signature of the UNDP Resident Representative only, provided that he has verified the agreement thereto by the UNDP-GEF Unit and is assured that the other signatories to the Project Document have no objection to the proposed changes:
Revision of, or addition to, any of the annexes to the Project Document;
Revisions which do not involve significant changes in the immediate objectives, outputs or activities of the project, but are caused by the rearrangement of the inputs already agreed to or by cost increases due to inflation;
Mandatory annual revisions which re-phase the delivery of agreed project inputs or increased expert or other costs due to inflation or take into account agency expenditure flexibility; and
Inclusion of additional annexes and attachments only as set out here in this Project Document.
Consistent with the Article III of the Standard Basic Assistance Agreement, the responsibility for the safety and security of the implementing partner and its personnel and property, and of UNDP’s property in the implementing partner’s custody, rests with the implementing partner.
The implementing partner shall:
put in place an appropriate security plan and maintain the security plan, taking into account the security situation in the country where the project is being carried;
assume all risks and liabilities related to the implementing partner’s security, and the full im-plementation of the security plan.
UNDP reserves the right to verify whether such a plan is in place, and to suggest modifications to the plan when necessary. Failure to maintain and implement an appropriate security plan as required hereunder shall be deemed a breach of this agreement.
The implementing partner agrees to undertake all reasonable efforts to ensure that none of the UNDP funds received pursuant to the Project Document are used to provide support to individuals or entities associated with terrorism and that the recipients of any amounts provided by UNDP hereunder do not appear on the list maintained by the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1267 (1999). The list can be accessed via http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/committees/1267/1267ListEng.htm. This provision must be included in all sub-contracts or sub-agreements entered into under this Project Document.
As far as Technology Transfer is concerned, each implementing partner is responsible for securing International Protection Rights (IPR) on technologies it formerly patented in other countries and wants to transfer and/or adapt to Senegal.
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SECTION II: STRATEGIC RESULTS FRAMEWORK (SRF) AND GEF INCREMENT
PART I: Strategic Results Framework, SRF (formerly GEF Logical Framework) Analysis
This project will contribute to achieving the following Country Programme Outcome as defined in CPAP or CPD: Environment and sustainable developmentCountry Programme Outcome Indicators: Local Economic Development and sustainable developmentPrimary applicable Key Environment and Sustainable Development Key Result Area (same as that on the cover page, circle one): 1. Mainstreaming environment and energy OR 2. Catalyzing environmental finance OR 3. Promote climate change adaptation OR 4. Expanding access to environmental and energy services for the poor.Applicable GEF Strategic Objective and Program: To increase the impact of Senegal’s efforts to promote energy efficiency in buildingsApplicable GEF Expected Outcomes: Development of the use of Typha-based insulating and building materials Applicable GEF Outcome Indicators: Annual amount of new buildings using and buildings rehabilitated with Typha-based material
Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
GOAL : Reduction of GHG emissions through the accelerated transfer and adoption of advanced technologies
GHG emissions reduced from rural and urban buildings by end of project (EOP), tons CO2/year
- 0 - 1,500
- Project reports -
PROJECT OBJECTIVE: Facilitation of the transfer of the technology for producing an innovative thermal insulation material using bulrush (typha australis).
Volume of investment in the production of typha-based building materials by EOP, US$ million
Number of local manufacturers of typha-based building materials by EOP
% share of typha-based building materials in the local building materials market by EOP Number of new buildings constructed using Typha-based material by EOP
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 1
- 4
- 25
Project reports
Production units re-ports
Industrial projects agreement docu-ments
Conditions of access to Typha resource are se-cured
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
Number of buildings rehabilitated with Typha-based materials by EOP
Reduction in electricity consumption in rehabili-tated buildings by EOP. MWh
% reduction in electricity consumption in the buildings sector (compared to BAU trend) by EOP
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 200
- 300
- 25
- OUTCOME 1:
- Secured supply of quality typha raw material ensuring large scale sus-tainable investment in the local production of typha-based building materials.
Number of companies involved in Typha large scale clean material harvesting by EOP
Number of rural organizations involved in Typha small scale clean material harvesting by EOP
Yearly purchase of Typha material by EOP (tons)
Volume of Typha material production investments by EOP, US$ million
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 1
- 10
- 1,000
- 1
Project reports
Production units re-ports
Resource is available to finance initial extra costs induced by the new strat-egy
Output 1.1: Developed and established Typha management structure
Number of entities companies engaged in Typha resources processing and supply by EOP
Number of signed typha raw material supply con-tracts by EOP
Number of stakeholder meetings held each year starting Year 2
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 15
- 104
- 4
Registration of com-panies with clearly identified owners and stakeholders
Minutes of stakehold-ers meetings
Private sector is highly interested in exploiting typha as raw material
Output 1.2: Established sustainable supply chain of Typha material
Volume of Typha dry material processed and de-livered each year starting Year 4, tons20
- 0 - 1,000
Project reports
Production units re-
-
20 About 1500 tons of clean Typha dry material (i.e. the production of 250 ha) will be available for tests, demonstration projects and initial commercial operations during the project’s implementation period
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
Area of Typha fields harvested annually starting from Year 4, in hectares
Number of established typha material supply chain entities (upstream and downstream) by EOPEOP
Number of typha harvesting entities established and operational by EOP
Annual revenues from established and opera-tional supply chain entities starting Year 4, million US$
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 250
- 3
- 5
- 1
ports
Investment projects business plans
Output 1.3: Established surveillance mechanism for biodiversity conservation
Area of land planted with typha australis by EOP, has
Number of reports on environmental impact of Typha australis exploitation per year starting Year 1
-
- 140,000
- 0
- < 40,00021
- 1
Environmental re-ports
Protection of biodiversity and birds reproduction environment in Djoudj Reserve is compatible with a control strategy of valorization of Typha as raw material for industrial processes
OUTCOME 2: Scientifically and commer-cially certified process for the production of Typha-based insulation material is widely applied in building projects in Senegal
Number of companies manufacturing Typha based products utilizing scientifically and com-mercially certified production processes by EOP
Annual volume of typha-based materials that are locally manufactured using scientifically and com-mercially certified processes starting Year 1, m3
Number of test reports available by Year 2
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 6
- 1,000
- 8
Test reports
Pre-certification re-ports
Patented technologies can be securely trans-ferred and adapted
Partnerships are clearly set so that claims for technology ownership from participating stake-holders do not rise as ob-stacles to technology de-velopment
21 Typha poses a significant threat to biodiversity. Existing typha may be exploited as raw material, but the ultimate objective is to reduce its volume in the River and the biodiversity threats. Controlled typha plantation may occur if the typha planted area is found low and critical for the insulation material
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
Output 2.1: Scientifically and commercially certified Typha cement products
Number of companies producing typha cement based products that are scientifically and com-mercially certified production process by Year 2
Annual volume of typha cement products pro-duced starting Year 2, m3
Number of tests reports of Typha cement based products requested from local testing facilities on simple request
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 1
- 5,000
- 4
Test reports
Pre-certification re-ports
Catalogs of products
National specialized lab-oratories and research centres are involved in the research work and willing to share the re-search findings.
Output 2.2: Scientifically and commercially certified Typha earth products
Number of companies producing typha earth based products that are scientifically and com-mercially certified production process by Year 1
Annual volume of typha earth based products produced starting Year 2, m3
Number of test reports of typha earth based prod-ucts requested from local testing facilities on sim-ple request
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 5
- 5,000
- 4
Test reports
Pre-certification re-ports
Catalogs of products
National specialized lab-oratories and research centres are involved in the research work and willing to share the re-search findings.
OUTCOME 3: Small scale typha-based building materials produc-tion facilities are estab-lished
Number of small scale typha-based building ma-terials production facilities established by EOP
Annual production of typha-based building mate-rials from small production facilities starting Year ”X, m3
- 0
- 0
- 6
- 10,000
Project reports Sufficient finance is avail-able
Output 3.1: Completed design of small scale typha-based building materials production facilities
Number of completed designs of small scale ty-pha-based building materials production facilities by Year 2
Number of approved and endorsed designs by Year 2
Number of entrepreneurs that expressed interest
- 0
- 0
- 0
-5
-2
Project reports
Detailed production processes are avail-able and requested equipment are identi-fied
-
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
in implementing the completed designs by Year 2
Volume of investments for projects involving the implementation of typha-based building materials production facilities by EOP, US$ million
- 0 -5
-1
Output 3.2: An established small-scale production facility for Typha cement building materials
Annual production volume of the established small-scale production facility starting Year X, m3
-
- 0 - 5,000
Project reports
Facility reports
Implementing partner Naporo mobilizes neces-sary resources to estab-lish production facility
Output 3.3: Local entrepreneurs that are capable of producing Typha earth building materials
Number of potential local entrepreneurs that are capable of producing typha-based building mate-rials by EOP
Number of trained local entrepreneurs that are producing quality typha-based building materials by EOP
Annual volume of Typha-earth products produced starting from Year 3, m3
Number of local investors in the typha-based building materials production business by EOP
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 10
- 5
- 5,000
- 5
Project reports
Projects partners re-ports
-
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
OUTCOME 4: National and regional pro-fessionals are knowledge-able of applicable tech-nologies on bio-climatic and energy efficient build-ing designs and construc-tions.
Number of building professionals that show inter-est to integrate bio-climatic and EE features in their building designs by EOP Number of proto-type designs endorsed by Year 2
Number of new buildings that are constructed based on bio-climatic and EE designs by EOP
- 0
- 0
- 10
- 4
Professional work-shops meetings
Project’s reports
-
Output 4.1: Identified approaches to bio-climatic and energy efficient building designs suitable to the local context
Number of case studies (bio-climatic and EE building designs) carried out and/or analysed by building professionals by Year 3
Number of proposed approaches from the vari-ous studies by Year 3
Number of proposed approaches accepted, ap-proved and endorsed by building professionals by Year 2
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 10
- 7
- 5
Catalog of architec-tural concepts
Project’s reports
Professional work-shops minutes
-
Output 4.2: Completed and approved designs of prototypes by national and selected regional professionals
Number of building professionals that contributed in the development of EE building designs by Year 2
Number of prototype designs proposed and eval-uated by Year 2Number of evaluated prototype designs endorsed by Year 2
Number of building professionals that use the handbook of standard designs produced under the project by Year 3
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 15
- 8
- 10
Catalog of typical ar-chitectural designs
Project’s reports
Professional work-shops minutes
-
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
OUTCOME 5: Typha based building ma-terials are widely used in energy efficient building designs and constructions
Number of successfully implemented typha-based building materials application demonstra-tions by EOP
Collective energy savings from the typha-based building materials applications demo projects by EOP, MWh/yr
Number of implemented building projects (new and retrofit) replicating the demonstrations by EOP
Annual quantity of typha-based building materials consumed in building projects (new and retrofit) starting Year 4, tons
Percentage of consumers and professionals that are confident and satisfied with the performance of the typha based building materials by EOP, %
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 20
- 20
- 30
- 1,000
- >50
Project’s reports Agreed co-financing for the proposed pilot projects is available as per planned demo imple-mentation schedule
Output 5.1: Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha cement based building materials application in building rehabilitations/retrofits
Number of typha cement based building materi-als application demonstration projects (retrofit) implemented by Year 3
Collective energy savings from the typha cement-based building materials applications demo projects (retrofit) by EOP, MWh/year
Number of implemented building retrofit projects that applied typha cement-based building materi-als by EOP
Percentage of implemented building retrofit demonstrations whose economic performance (e.g., return on investment) is equal or better than as planned/designed by EOP.
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 5
- 5
- 15
- 75
Project’s reports
Measurement of per-formances
Economic evaluation
Field enquiries
Comparison of En-ergy bills before/after rehabilitation
Agreed co-financing for the proposed pilot projects is available as per planned demo imple-mentation schedule
Output 5.2: Successfully completed demonstrations Number of typha cement based building materi- - 0 - 5 Project’s reports Agreed co-financing for
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
of Typha cement based building materials application in new modern buildings
als application demonstration projects (new con-structions) implemented by Year 3
Collective energy savings from the typha cement-based building materials applications demo projects (new constructions) by EOP, MWh/yr
Number of implemented building projects (new constructions) that applied typha cement-based building materials by EOP
Percentage of implemented demonstrations (new constructions) whose economic performance (e.g., return on investment) is equal or better than as planned/designed by EOP.
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 54
- 40
- 75
Measurement of per-formances
Economic evaluation
Field enquiries
the proposed pilot projects is available as per planned demo imple-mentation schedule
-
Output 5.3: Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha-earth based building materials applications in rural housing
Number of typha earth based building materials application demonstration projects in rural houses implemented by Year 3
Collective energy savings from the typha earth-based building materials applications demo projects (rural houses) by EOP, MWh/yr
Number of implemented building projects (rural houses) that applied typha earth-based building materials by EOP
Percentage of implemented demonstrations (rural houses) whose thermal and physical perfor-mances and economic performance (e.g., return on investment) are equal or better than as planned/desired designed by EOP.
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 2
- 54
- 10
- 75
Project’s reports
Measurement of per-formances
Economic evaluation
Field enquiries
Agreed co-financing for the proposed pilot projects is available as per planned demo imple-mentation schedule
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
Output 5.4: Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha-earth based building materials application in suburban housing
Number of typha earth based building materials application demonstration projects in suburban housing implemented by Year 3
Collective energy savings from the typha earth-based building materials applications demo projects (suburban housing) by EOP, MWh/yr
Number of implemented building projects (subur-ban housing) that applied typha earth-based building materials by EOP
Percentage of implemented demonstrations (sub-urban housing) whose thermal, physical and eco-nomic performances (e.g., return on investment) are equal or better than as planned/designed by EOP.
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 10
-54
- 50
- 75
- Project’s re-ports
- Measurement of performances
- Economic eval-uation
- Field enquiries
- Agreed co-financ-ing for the proposed pilot projects is available as per planned demo imple-mentation schedule
Output 5.5: Endorsed typha-based building material products suitable for compliance with requirements of the new Senegalese regulation on energy efficiency in buildings
Percentage of professionals that appreciate posi-tively the technical and economical performances of Typha-based building materials by Year 3
Percentage of the population in the neighbour-hood of buildings using Typha based building materials that appreciate positively the design and thermal performances of such materials by Year 3
Number of typha-based products approved as suitable for meeting the new Senegalese EE buildings regulations each year starting Year 3
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 75
- 75
- 10
- Project’s re-ports
- Professional workshops meetings
-
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
OUTCOME 6: Typha based building ma-terials endorsed for ther-mal insulation in new build-ing constructions
Number of building professionals recommending the use of Typha based products for improving the EE of buildings by EOP
Number of building owners and developers that use or plan to use typha-based building materials for their new building construction projects by EOP
Number of consumers that are satisfied with the performance of the typha based building materi-als by EOP
Number of building materials suppliers/distribu-tors that sell typha-based building materials y EOP
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 10
- 300
- 50
- 25
- Project reports
- Field enquiries
-
Output 6.1: Disseminated promotional materials on new energy efficient building materials
Number of promotional materials on typha-based building materials produced and disseminated to building practitioners by Year 3
Number of building owners and developers that use typha-based building materials for their new building construction projects by EOP
Percentage of building practitioners that are con-fident and satisfied with the performance of the typha based building materials by EOP
Number of communication enhancement actions (campaign, mass media, online, etc.) achieved in year 4
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 20
- >300
- 75
- 10
- Project’s re-ports
- Field enquiries
- On line sur-veys
-
Output 6.2: Approved and endorsed strategies for promoting the use of new energy efficient building materials
Number of proposed strategies that were devel-oped and implemented for the promotion of typha based building materials by Year 4
Number of visitors to the website designed for the promotion of typha-based building materials by Year 4
- 0
- 0
- 10
- 10,000
- Project reports
- Professional workshops’ minutes
- Field enquiries
- Web site statis-
-
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Strategy Indicators Baseline(Year 0) Target Sources of
Verification Critical Assumptions
Number of new building projects that were in compliance with the requirements of the new Senegalese EE buildings regulations by Year 4
Number of student research works targeting Ty-pha-based material and energy efficiency by Year 4
Number of training sessions for professionals contributing to the promotion of Typha-based building materials in Year 4
Number of building projects for which expert ad-vice has been solicited by building owners in year 4
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 25
- 5
- 4
- 20
tics
Output 6.3: Business proposals of national and regional investors for the production of new energy efficient building materials
Number of business proposals/plans on the pro-duction of new EE building materials by year 4
Number of business proposals/plans on the pro-duction of typha-based building materials by Year 4
Number of approved business proposals/plans on the production of typha-based building materi-als by EOP Total volume of investments on the production of typha-based building materials by EOP, US$ million
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 10
- 10
- 3
- Professional workshops’ minutes
- Business plants documentation
- Field enquiries
- Conditions of ac-cess to Typha resource allow proposed solutions to be cost effective
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Part II: Incremental Cost AnalysisBASELINE TREND OF DEVELOPMENT AND KEY BASELINE PROGRAMSIncremental Cost Matrix
Cost/Benefit Baseline Alternative Increment(B) (A) (A-B)
Outcome 1: $85,000 $738,100 GEF $228,100Secured supply of quality typha raw material ensuring large scale sustain-able investment in the local produc-tion of typha-based building materials
UNDP $25,000Other $485,000TOTAL $738,100
Outcome 2: $130,000 $793,100 GEF $393,100Scientifically and commercially certi-fied process for the production of Ty-pha-based insulation material is widely applied in building projects in Senegal
UNDP $0Other $800,000TOTAL $1,193,100
Outcome 3: $50,000 $1,472,000 GEF $697,000Small scale typha-based building ma-terials production facilities are estab-lished
UNDP $0Other $775,000TOTAL $1,472,000
Outcome 4: $110,000 $435,500 GEF $91,500National and regional professionals are knowledgeable of applicable tech-nologies on bio-climatic and energy efficient building designs and con-structions
UNDP $25,000Other $839,310TOTAL $955,810
Outcome 5: $120,000 $1,403,274 GEF $247,800Typha based building materials are widely used in energy efficient build-ing designs and constructions
UNDP $25,000Other $1,585,474TOTAL $1,858,274
Outcome 6 : $30,000 $640,600 GEF $257,300Typha based building materials en-dorsed for thermal insulation in new building constructions
UNDP $25,000Other $713,100TOTAL $995,400
TOTAL COSTS $525,000 $5,482,574 GEF $1,914,800UNDP $100,000Other $5,197,884TOTAL $7,212,684
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SECTION III: Total Budget and Work plan
BUDGET AND WORK PLANAward ID: t.b.d. Business Unit:Project ID: t.b.d. Project Title: Technology Transfer: Typha-based Thermal Insulation Material Production in
SenegalAward Title: PIMS 4315
Senegal Typha based building materialsImplementing Partner (Executing Agency)
Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés
Award ID ……..Award Title PIMS 4315
Business Unit
Project Title: 4315 Senegal Typha based building materials
Outcome Responsible Party
Source of Funds
Donor Name
Atlas Bud-getary Ac-count Code
ATLAS Budget Description
Amount (USD)
Amount (USD)
Amount (USD)
Amount (USD)
Amount (USD) Budget
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Total Notes
1.The supply of qual-ity raw material is se-cured in order to al-low large scale sus-tainable investment
EC 62000 GEF 71200 International Consultants 14 000 8 000 4 000 4 000 30 000 1
EC 62000 GEF 71300 Local consultants 17 500 17 500 7 500 7 500 50 000 2
EC 62000 GEF 71600 Travel 29 200 21 300 16 100 16 100 82 700 3
EC 62000 GEF 72100 Contractual Services-Companies 10 800 10 800 10 800 10 800 43 200 4
EC 62000 GEF 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0 5
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs 3 000 3 000 3 000 3 000 12 000 6
EC 62000 GEF 74500 Miscellaneous 3 500 2 900 1 900 1 900 10 200
Sub-total GEF 78 000 63 500 43 300 43 300 228 100
04000 UNDP-Sen 71200 International Consultants 8 300 8 300 - - 16 600 A
04000 UNDP-Sen 71300 Local consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71600 Travel 4 200 4 200 - - 8 400
04000 UNDP-Sen 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
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04000 UNDP-Sen 74500 Miscellaneous - - - - 0
Sub-total UNDP-Sen 12 500 12 500 - - 25 000
Total Outcome 1 90 500 76 000 43 300 43 300 253 100
2.The process for producing Typha-based insulation ma-terial is scientifically and commercially certified
EC 62000 GEF 71200 International Consultants 16 000 16 000 - - 32 000 7
EC 62000 GEF 71300 Local consultants 10 000 10 000 - - 20 000 8
EC 62000 GEF 71600 Travel 23 000 23 000 - - 46 000 9
EC 62000 GEF 72100 Grant 100 000 140 000 - - 240 000 10
EC 62000 GEF 72200 Equipment & Furniture 25 000 17 500 - - 42 500 11
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
EC 62000 GEF 74500 Miscellaneous 5 800 6 800 - - 12 600
Sub-total GEF 179 800 213 300 - - 393 100
04000 UNDP-Sen 71200 International Consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71300 Local consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71600 Travel - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 74500 Miscellaneous - - - - 0
Sub-total UNDP-Sen - - - - -
Total Outcome 2 179 800 213 300 - - 393 100
3.Small scale produc-tion facilities are es-tablished
EC 62000 GEF 71200 International Consultants - 40 000 24 000 - 64 000 12
EC 62000 GEF 71300 Local consultants - 12 500 10 000 - 22 500 13
EC 62000 GEF 71600 Travel - 43 400 29 500 - 72 900 14
EC 62000 GEF 72100 Grant - 135 000 160 000 - 295 000 15
EC 62000 GEF 72200 Equipment & Furniture - 220 000 - - 220 000 16
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
EC 62000 GEF 74500 Miscellaneous - 14 700 7 900 - 22 600
Subtotal GEF - 465 600 231 400 - 697 000
04000 UNDP-Sen 71200 International Consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71300 Local consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71600 Travel - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
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74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 74500 Miscellaneous - - - - 0
Sub-total UNDP-Sen - - - - -
Total Outcome 3 - 465 600 231 400 - 697 000
4.Know-how on bio-climatic and energy efficient building technologies is trans-ferred to national pro-fessionals s
EC 62000 GEF 71200 International Consultants - 8 000 - - 8 000
EC 62000 GEF 71300 Local consultants - - 5 000 - 5 000
EC 62000 GEF 71600 Travel - 12 600 - - 12 600 17
EC 62000 GEF 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - 61 600 - 61 600 18
EC 62000 GEF 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
EC 62000 GEF 74500 Miscellaneous - 1 000 3 300 - 4 300
Sub-total GEF - 21 600 69 900 - 91 500
04000 UNDP-Sen 71200 International Consultants - - 8 300 8 300 16 600 A
04000 UNDP-Sen 71300 Local consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71600 Travel - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - 4 200 4 200 8 400
04000 UNDP-Sen 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 74500 Miscellaneous - - - - 0
Sub-total UNDP Senegal - - 12 500 12 500 25 000
Total Outcome 4 - 21 600 82 400 12 500 116 500
5.Results of demon-stration projects vali-date the contribution of Typha based build-ing materials to the improvement of en-ergy efficiency in buildings
EC 62000 GEF 71200 International Consultants - 8 000 8 000 8 000 24 000 19
EC 62000 GEF 71300 Local consultants - 10 000 8 750 8 750 27 500 20
EC 62000 GEF 71600 Travel - 14 600 16 100 16 100 46 800 21
EC 62000 GEF 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - 61 700 76 700 138 400 22
EC 62000 GEF 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
EC 62000 GEF 74500 Miscellaneous - 1 600 4 400 5 100 11 100
Sub-total GEF - 34 200 98 950 114 650 247 800
04000 UNDP-Sen 71200 International Consultants - - 8 300 8 300 16 600 A
04000 UNDP-Sen 71300 Local consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71600 Travel - - 4 200 4 200 8 400
04000 UNDP-Sen 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - - - 0
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04000 UNDP-Sen 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 74500 Miscellaneous - - - - 0
Sub-total UNDP Senegal - - 12 500 12 500 25 000
Total Outcome 5 - 34 200 111 450 127 150 272 800
6.Thermal insulation with Typha based materials is referred as a practice to be adopted in new con-structions
EC 62000 GEF 71200 International Consultants - - 2 000 2 000 4 000 23
EC 62000 GEF 71300 Local consultants - - 16 250 16 250 32 500 24
EC 62000 GEF 71600 Travel - - 16 500 16 500 33 000 25
EC 62000 GEF 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - 40 000 40 000 80 000 26
EC 62000 GEF 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - 10 000 70 000 60 000 140 000 27
EC 62000 GEF 74500 Miscellaneous - 400 6 500 6 100 13 000
Sub-total GEF - 10 400 151 250 140 850 302 500
04000 UNDP-Sen 71200 International Consultants - - 8 300 8 300 16 600 A
04000 UNDP-Sen 71300 Local consultants - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 71600 Travel - - 4 200 4 200 8 400
04000 UNDP-Sen 72100 Contractual Services-Companies - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 72200 Equipment & Furniture - - - - 0
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs - - - - 0
04000 UNDP-Sen 74500 Miscellaneous - - - - 0
Sub-total UNDP Senegal - - 12 500 12 500 25 000
Total Outcome 6 - 10 400 163 750 153 350 327 500
Project Management
62000 GEF 71200 International Consultants 0
62000 GEF 71300 Local consultants 10,200 10,000 10,000 10,000 40,000
62000 GEF 71600 Travel 0
62000 GEF 74110 Audit and Evaluation 20 000 20 000 40 200 Sub-total GEF 10,200 30 000 10,000 30 000 80 200
04000 UNDP-Sen 71300 International Consultants 5 000 5 000 5 000 5 000 20 000 A
04000 UNDP-Sen 71600 Travel 5 000 5 000 5 000 5 000 20 000
62000 UNDP-Sen 72200 Equipment & Furniture 20 000 15 000 12 500 12 500 60 000
Sub-total UNDP Senegal 30 000 25 000 22 500 22 500 100 000
Total Project Management 40 200 55 000 32 500 52 500 182 200
Total GEF 257 800 828 600 594 800 318 800 2 000 000
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Total UNDP Senegal 42 500 37 500 60 000 60 000 200 000
TOTAL Project 300 300 866 100 654 800 378 800 2 200 000
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BUDGET EXPLICATIVE NOTES
Notes Output
1 1.1 Support to the establishment of a Typha Management Structure (2 missions per year)1.2 Demonstration harvesting
1.3 Initial documentation and follow up (2 missions per year)2 1.1 Capitalization of project experience (1 week/3 months), financed by ANEV
1.2 Facilitation of collaboration with villages and SAED (4 weeks/year)3 1.1 3 International travel/year (local transport supported by ANEV)
1.2 1 International travel/year (local transport supported by ANEV)
1.3 2 International travel/year (local transport supported by ANEV).
4 1.1 Regional stakeholders coordination workshop every 3 months
1.2 pm : Harvesting costs supported by AWF/PGIAAPO programme
1.3 Participation of 4 persons in 4 regional workshops each year
5 1,2 pm : Mowing boats financed by AWF/PGIAAPO programme
6 1.1 Diffusion of a presentation of the Typha management structure, and annual report
1.3 Diffusion of an annual report on biodiversity situation
7 2.1 2 missions of 2 weeks/year (+ 6 weeks in Austria financed by Naporo)
2,2 2 missions of 2 weeks/year (+ 6 weeks in France financed by CRATerre)
8 2.1 4 weeks/year, including students fees for research work
2,2 4 weeks/year, including students fees for research work
9 2.12 International travel/year, per diem of local consultant (50% on the field), and expedition of products for tests abroad ; vehicle supported by ANEV
2,22 International travel/year, per diem of local consultant (50% on the field), and expedition of products for tests abroad ; vehicle supported by ANEV
10 2.1 Independent tests of prototype and pre-certification costs (typha-cement) 150000 USD)
2,2 Independent tests of prototype and pre-certification costs (typha-earth) 90000 USD)
11 2,1 Purchase of cement and equipment for tests (once production starts, it is supported by the project)
12 3.1 1 mission of 2 weeks for each cement/earth technology
3.2 2 mission of 2 weeks / year
3,3 2 mission of 3 weeks / year
13 3.1 2 missions of 2 weeks/year
3.2 2 missions of 2 weeks/year
3,3 2 missions of 3 weeks/year
14 3.1 2 International travel, per diem consultant local (50% on the field) - vehicle supported by ANEV
3.2 2 International travel, per diem consultant local (50% on the field) - vehicle supported by ANEV
3,3 2 International travel, per diem consultant local (50% on the field) - vehicle supported by ANEV
15 3.2Planning, logistics and assembly of Naporo typha-cement facility, test runs and small scale production (245000 USD)
3,3 Demonstration and formation of local entrepreneurs by CRATerre (50000 USD)
16 3,2 Purchase of production equipment and cement for pilot batches (Naporo Unit)
17 4.1 2 international travel (pm : part of consultant fees supported by CRATerre)
4,2 2 international travel (pm : part of consultant fees supported by CRATerre)
18 4.1 4 workshops with stakeholders
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Notes Output
4,2 Premium to 4 projects selected through a call for proposals
19 Part of International consultant fees are supported CRATerre
20 5.1 4 weeks mission - supervision of typha-cement pilot projects
5,2 4 weeks mission - supervision of typha-cement pilot projects
5,3 pm : Local consultant costs for supervision missions (typha-earth) supported by ANEV
5,4 pm : Local consultant costs for supervision missions (typha-earth) supported by ANEV
5,5 8 weeks mission - promotion of pilot projects results, half of it supported by ANEV
21 5.1 2 International travel/year, per diem consultant local (50% on the field) - vehicle supported by ANEV
5,2 2 International travel/year, per diem consultant local (50% on the field) - vehicle supported by ANEV
5,3 2 International travel/year, per diem consultant local and vehicle supported by ANEV
5,4 2 International travel/year, per diem consultant local and vehicle supported by ANEV
5,5 4 International travel/year, per diem consultant local (for cement-earth) and vehicle supported by ANEV
22 5.1 Premium to 1 selected rehabilitation projects
5,2 Premium to 4 selected modern housing projects
5,3 pm : ecovillage demonstration project supported by ANEV
5,4 pm : demonstration projects supported by GLPSSM, TerreNeuve and UN-Habitat
5,5 2 capitalization workshops with stakeholders
23 6 Part of International consultant fees are supported by CRATerre
24 6 Local consultant fees and travel costs are supported by ANEV
25 6,1 2 International travel/year ; local consultants per diem and transport supported by ANEV
6,2 4 international travel/year ; local consultant per diem and transport supported by ANEV
6,3 2 international travel/year ; local consultants per diem and transport supported by ANEV
26 6,2 2 training courses /year on validated techniques, to national professionals
6,3 2 workshops/year with national professionals and stakeholders
27 6,1 Public advertising campaign (street advertising), and diffusion of a video on projects results
6,2 Publishing of a dedicated internet website
A International professional will be hired as Technical Advisor for project staff in charge of the coordination of the project and the implementation of components 1, 4, 5 and 6
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Sub-components GEF UNDP-Sen Others (US$)*
Total
(US$) (US$) (US$)1.1 – Developed and established Typha management structure 122,600 25,000 120,000 267,6001.2 – Established sustainable supply chain of Typha material 25,100 0 315,000 340,1001.3 - Established surveillance mechanism for biodiversity conservation 80,400 0 50,000 130,400Sub-Total 228,100 25,000 485,000 738,1002.1 - Scientifically and commercially certified Typha cement products 234,500 0 440,000 674,5002.2 - Scientifically and commercially certified Typha earth products 158,600 0 360,000 518,600Sub-Total 393,100 0 800,000 1,193,1003.1 - Completed design of small scale typha-based building materials production facilities 35,400 0 150,000 185,4003.2 - An established small-scale production facility for Typha cement building materials 536,000 0 515,000 1,051,0003.3 - Local entrepreneurs that are capable of producing Typha earth building materials 125,600 0 110,000 235,600Sub-Total 697,000 0 775,000 1,472,000 4.1 - Identified approaches to bio-climatic and energy efficient building designs suitable to the local context
15,100 0 410,000 425,100
4.2 - Completed and approved designs of prototypes by national and selected regional pro-fessionals
76,400 25,000 429,310 530,710
Sub-Total 91,500 25,000 839,310 955,8105.1 - Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha cement based building materials appli-cation in building rehabilitations/retrofits
64,400 0 215,000 279,400
5.2 - Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha cement based building materials appli-cation in new modern buildings
80,100 0 360,000 440,100
5.3 - Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha-earth based building materials applica-tions in rural housing
17,100 0 230,000 247,100
5.4 - Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha-earth based building materials applica-tion in suburban housing
17,100 0 546,000 563,100
5.5 - Endorsed typha-based building material products suitable for compliance with require-ments of the new Senegalese regulation on energy efficiency in buildings
69,100 25,000 234,474 328,574
Sub-Total 247,800 25,000 1,585,474 1,858,2746.1 - Disseminated promotional materials on new energy efficient building materials 100,000 0 280,000 380,0006.2 - Approved and endorsed strategies for promoting the use of new energy efficient building materials
72,200 0 293,100 365,300
6.3 - Business proposals of national and regional investors for the production of new energy efficient building materials
85,100 25,000 140,000 250,100
Sub-Total 257,300 25,000 713,100 995,400 Project Management, Consultants 85,200 100,000 250,000 395,200Sub Total 85,200 100,000 250,000 435,200 2,000,000 200,000 5,447,884 7,647,884
*Detail below
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Sub-compo-nents PGIAAPO ANEV DEEC GLPSSM
Ministry of Educa-
tionNaporo Kaito ASN SNHLM My API
Lodge Terreneuve CRATerre ECREEE UN-Habitat Total
1.1 10,000 10,000 100,000 120,0001.2 65,000 200,000 50,000 315,0001.3 50,000 50,0002.1 15,000 50,000 200,000 55,000 70,000 50000 440,0002.2 15,000 50,000 200,000 5,000 40,000 50000 360,0003.1 50,000 100,000 150,0003.2 460,000 45,000 10,000 515,0003.3 10,000 100000 110,0004.1 30,000 345,000 5,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 410,0004.2 30,000 50,000 175,310 45,000 14,000 20,000 45,000 50000 429,3105.1 15,000 50000 50000 100000 215,0005.2 15,000 50000 45000 150000 100000 360,0005.3 15,000 50000 50000 100000 15000 230,0005.4 25,000 120000 100000 36000 15000 250000 546,0005.5 50,000 45000 2974 55000 16500 15000 50000 234,4746.1 10,000 200000 20000 50000 280,0006.2 10,000 150000 5000 40000 18100 20000 50000 293,1006.3 10,000 50000 50000 30000 140,000PM 0 250,000 250,000
M&E 0 0Total 75,000 250,000 250,000 200,000 1,320,310 1,120,00
0 215,000 2,974 630,000 455,000 84,600 150,000 195,000 500,000 5,447,884
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OVERVIEW OF INPUTS FROM TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CONSULTANTS
Position Titles$ / per-
son week*
Estimated person weeks**
Tasks to be performedTotal
Project USD
Project Management LocalProject Manager 1,000 124 Overall project co-ordination and management 124,000 Administrative Assistant 300 124 Administrative support to Project Manager 37,200 Sub-total 248 161,200 International Technical Adviser* 2,000 12 biannual overview of the project and capitaliza-
tion24,000
Sub-total 12 24,000 Total Project Management 260 185,200Technical Assistance Local Socio-economist 1,250 330 Facilitation of regional dialog between institu-
tional and private actors concerned by Typha resource, sustainability analysis of costs of pro-posed materials and architectural concepts
412,500
Buiding materials 1,250 204 Evaluation of definition and results of tests of typha-based building materials and architec-tural concepts. Monitoring of pilot projects.
255,000
Biodiversity 1,250 36 Advising about environmental issues regarding Typha management, sharing of experiences, and identification of sustainable financing of Ty-pha management, including Carbon Finance.
45,000
Sub-total 570 712,500 International Socio-economist 2,000 90 Evaluation and sustainability analysis of fabri-
cation and distribution costs of products devel-oped by the project. Market analysis.
180,000
Building materials (typha-ce-ment)
2,000 146 Accompany the transfer of technology to local experts, in support to the pool of technology transfer implementing partners*
292,000
Building materials (typha-earth)
2,000 72 Accompany the transfer of technology to local experts, in support to the pool of technology transfer implementing partners*
144,000
Building technology 2,000 51 Accompany the transfer of technology to local professionals
102,000
Biodiversity 2,000 36 Sustainable typha management, including iden-tification of finance mechanisms for a legal ty-pha resource framework
72,000
Sub-total 395 790,000 Total Technical Assistance 965 1,502,500
PRICES USED FOR THE EVALUATION OF PROJECT’S BUDGET Budgetary Account Description Expenditure
Account Description USD Per (Unit)
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71200 International Consultants
71205 Intl Consultants-Short Term-Tech
2 000 Week
71300 Local Consultants 71305 Local Consult.-Short Term-Tech
1 250 Week
71600 Travel 71605 Travel Tickets-International
1 000 AR
71615 Daily Subsistence Allow-International
230 Day
71620 Daily Subsistence Allow-Local
150 Day
71625 Daily Subsist Allow-meeting Participants
50 Day
72100 Contractual Services-Companies
74110 Evaluation 20 000 Independent evaluation mission
72125 Svc Co-Studies & Research Serv
15 000 R&D study, design of a pilot project
72130 Svc Co-Transportation Services
150 Day – maintenance of a car owned by the implementing partner
240 Day – renting a car , 200 km /d included)
72135 Svc Co-Communications Service
1 700 30 persons one-day workshop
400 Meeting of a15 persons half-day working-group
72140 Svc Co-Information Technology
20 000 Dynamic internet website
72145 Svc Co-Training and Educ Serv
5 000 formation
30 000 Vehicle
74205 Audio Visual Productions
40 000 public-reportage (video)
74200 Audio Visual & Print Prod Costs
74210 Printing and Publications
20 000 Document
74215 Promotional Materials and Dist
20 000 Street advertising campaign
3 000 Flyer edition
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United Nations Development ProgrammeCountry: Senegal
PROJECT DOCUMENTProject Title: Technology Transfer: Typha-based Thermal Insulation Material
Production in SenegalUNDAF Outcome(s): Development of small and medium business generate incomes for the benefit of vulnerable people
UNDP Strategic Plan Environment and Sustainable Development Primary Outcome: Mainstreaming environment and energy
UNDP Strategic Plan Secondary Outcome: Mobilizing environmental financing
Expected CP Outcome(s): Local Economic Development and sustainable development
Expected CPAP Output (s): Environment and sustainable development
[Project Components]: (1) Sustainable Typha management; (2) Transfer of typha raw material processing technology; (3) Development of local production (4) Transfer of bio-climatic and energy efficient building technology; (5) Typha-based building materials application demonstrations; (6) Marketing and dissemination.
Executing Entity/Implementing Partner: Direction de l’Environnement et des Etablissements Classés (DEEC)
Implementing Entity/Responsible Partners: Ministry of Environment
Brief Description
The project goal is to facilitate the development in Senegal of a local production of thermal insulation material based on Typha. It targets the improvement of energy efficiency in both rural and urban building techniques.
A research-development component will create the conditions for a transfer of thermal insulation material production technologies: products will be tailored to the local building context, materials and constraints; pilot projects will demonstrate the usability of these products; awareness will be raised among relevant national stakeholders in the construction and training courses will be set for the nation-wide dissemination of the product ; necessary accompanying measures for a large diffusion of the technologies and use of the products, such as regulatory and incentive frameworks, will be analyzed.
The pertinence of the project relies upon intense synergies with other initiatives and projects aiming at promoting in Senegal bioclimatic housing to improve the conditions of life of a wide range of population including the poorest, establishing new regulation making compulsory a change in building practices, and raising concern among local governments and communities for sustainable development and investment in new climate change management strategies.
The project will contribute to improve the general comfort in housing in a Sahelian country, to reduce electricity consumption for air-conditioning and related CO2 emissions, and generate decentralized employment opportunities.
Programme Period: 2012-2016Atlas Award ID: TBDProject ID: TBDPIMS # 4315Start date: Oct 2012End Date Sept 2016Management Arrangements NEXPAC Meeting Date TBD
Total resources required (total project fund) Total allocated resources (UNDP managed funds)
- Regular (UNDP TRAC) - GEF
Other (partner managed sources)• Government • Private sector• Multilateral & NGO
$5,872,574$2,200,000
$200,000$2,000,000
$2,095310$2,372974$979,600
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Agreed by (Government):
Date/Month/Year
Agreed by (Executing Entity/Implementing Partner):
Date/Month/Year
Agreed by (UNDP):
Date/Month/Year
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Project Annexes
Annex A. Terms of References for key project staff
Project Management Team
Project coordinatorBackground
National Project Coordinator (NPC), will be a locally recruited national selected based on an open competitive process. He/She will be responsible for the overall management of the project, including the mobilization of all project inputs, supervision over project staff, consultants and sub-contractors. The NPC will report to the UNDP CO Head of Environment & Energy Unit in close consultation with the UNDP RR (or duly designated UN officer) for all of the project’s substantive and administrative issues. From the strategic point of view of the project, the NPC will report on a periodic basis to the Project Steering Committee (PSC). Generally, the NPC will be responsible for meeting government obligations under the project, under the national execution modality (NEX). He/She will perform a liaison role with the Government, UNDP and other UN Agencies, NGOs and project partners, and maintain close collaboration with other donor agencies providing co-financing.
Duties and Responsibilities
Mobilize all project inputs in accordance with UNDP procedures for nationally executed projects;
Manage the project implementation in accordance with objectives, schedule and planned budget;
Manage all project activity, staff, consultants and etc., for timely implementation of requirements on Monitoring and Evaluation;
Coordinate awareness creation on all project activities;
Coordinate the project activities with relevant activity and initiative of the Government;
Ensure cooperation between the participating institutions of the project and all project partners;
Ensure timely preparation of annual project reports, working plans and other relevant project documents. Supervise and coordinate the production of project outputs, as per the project document;
Disseminate project reports and respond to queries from concerned stakeholders;
Oversee the exchange and sharing of experiences and lessons learned with relevant community based integrated conservation and development projects nationally and internationally;
Coordinate and assists scientific institutions with the initiation and implementation of all field studies and monitoring components of the project
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Qualifications
At least 5 years work experience in project management. Previous work in international project management is an advantage
University education in Engineering, Energy, Business Management or Environmental Sciences or relevant; A post-graduate degree (MSc, MPhil, PhD etc) is an advantage.
At least 10 years of experience in a technical field related to project activities ;
At least 5 years of project/programme management experience;
Working experiences with ministries and national institutions is a plus, but not a requirement;
Ability to effectively coordinate a large, multi-stakeholder project;
Strong drafting, presentation and reporting, interpersonal and communication skills;
Strong computer skills, in particular mastery of all applications of the MS Office package and internet search;
A good working knowledge of English is an advantage
Administrative and Finance AssistantBackground
The Administrative and Finance Assistant will work under the direct supervision of the Project Coordinator and provide assistance to project implementation in the mobilization of inputs, the organization of training activities and financial management and reporting.
Job content
Prepare all payment requests, financial record-keeping and preparation of financial reports required in line with NEX financial rules and procedures
Assist in the recruitment and procurement processes, checking the conformity with UNDP and the Government rules and procedures
Assist in the organization of in-country training activities, ensuring logistical arrangements
Prepare internal and external travel arrangements for project personnel
Maintain equipment ledgers and other data base for the project
Take record of projects meetings and draft correspondence as required
Maintain project filing
Other duties which may be required
Qualifications
At least five years administrative experience,
University degree in Business Administration (Finance or Accounting)
Good organizational skills
Good computer skills, including spread-sheets and database
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International Technical Adviser Background
The International Technical Adviser (ITA) will be responsible for providing overall technical backstopping to the Project. He/She will render technical support to the National Project Coordinator (NPC), staff and other government counterparts. The ITA will coordinate the provision of the required technical inputs, reviewing and preparing Terms of Reference and reviewing the outputs of consultants and other sub-contractors. The ITA will be an experienced expatriate. He/She will report directly to the National Project Coordinator.
Job content
Provide technical and strategic assistance for project activities, including planning, monitoring and site operations, and assuming quality control of interventions;
Provide hands-on support to the National Project Coordinator, project staff and other government counterparts in the areas of project management and planning, management of site activities, monitoring, and impact assessment;
Assist the National Project Coordinator in the preparation and revision of the Management Plan as well as Annual Work Plans;
Coordinate preparation of the periodic Status Report when called for by the National Project Coordinator;
Assist the National Project Coordinator in the preparation of the Combined Project Implementation Review/Annual Project Report (PIR/APR), inception report, technical reports, quarterly financial reports for submission to UNDP, the GEF, other donors and Government Departments, as required;
Assist in mobilizing staff and consultants in the conduct of a mid-term project evaluation, and in undertaking revisions in the implementation program and strategy based on evaluation results;
Assist the National Project Coordinator in liaison work with project partners, donor organizations, NGOs and other groups to ensure effective coordination of project activities;
Qualification
At least 5 years work experience in project management. Previous work in international project management is an advantage
University education in engineering, energy, physics, business management, environmental management or relevant field. A post-graduate degree (MSc, MPhil, PhD etc) is an advantage
Strong skills in monitoring and evaluation and experience in implementing environmental projects;
Previous experience with GEF projects is an added plus;
Ability to effectively coordinate a large, multidisciplinary team of experts and consultants;
Be an effective negotiator with excellent oral and presentation skills;
Excellent writing skills in English.
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Local consultants
Socio-economist expertJob content
Facilitation of regional dialog between institutional and private actors concerned by Typha resource,
Sustainability analysis of costs of proposed materials and architectural concepts.
Evaluation of social acceptability of materials and concepts proposed
Qualifications
University Degree in Economics, or related field.
At least 5 years of experience in socio-economic and business planning studies
Knowledge of the Senegalese building and building material market
Ability to effectively facilitate dialog between institutional and private actors in a competitive context;
Be an effective negotiator with excellent oral and presentation skills;
Computer literacy
Building expertJob content
Assistance to the definition of technical specifications Typha-based building materials
Assistance to the integration of Typha-based building materials into architectural concepts
Supervision of technical tests and pre-certification of proposed Typha-based materials
Implementation of performances monitoring in pilot buildings
Capitalization of project’s technical experience
Facilitation of professional workshops
Qualifications
University or professional Degree in materials, building techniques, architecture or related field.
Strong experience in implementation of energy efficiency measures
At least 5 years of experience in the building sector
Ability to effectively facilitate participation of national professionals and investors in project’s activities
Be an effective negotiator with excellent oral and presentation skills;
Computer literacy
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Biodiversity expert
Job content
Facilitate integration of Djoudj National Park constraints into the regional management strategy of Typha resource
Assist the implementation of biodiversity monitoring activities
Identify and document Finance carbon potential of a sustainable Typha management
Qualification
University degree in Environmental Sciences, Environmental Economics, Environmental Management, or a closely-related field;
At least 5 years of professional experience in formulation and implementation of renewable energy and/or reforestation activities. Previous experience with projects with carbon finance mechanisms will be highly desirable
Advanced knowledge on CDM methodologies
Knowledge of computer applications
International Consultants
Socio-economist expert
Job content
Provide technical support to local consultants for monitoring and evaluation of R&D activities ;
Provide technical support to local consultants for activities related to sustainability, cost and social acceptance analysis
Contribute to programme monitoring and auditing activities
Qualification
University education in socio-economy, environmental management, or relevant field. A post-graduate degree (MSc, MPhil, PhD etc) is an advantage
At least 5 years work experience in environmental management. Previous work in international project management is an advantage
Strong international experience of facilitation of stakeholders dialog for environmental management
Strong interpersonal and communication skills
Strong computer skills
Excellent writing skills in English
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Biodiversity expert
Job content
Provide technical support to local consultants for environmental management activities ;
Provide technical support to local consultants for biodiversity monitoring activities
Contribute to programme monitoring and auditing activities
Qualification
University education in environmental sciences or relevant field. A post-graduate degree (MSc, MPhil, PhD etc) is an advantage
At least 5 years work experience biodiversity management. Previous work in international project management is an advantage
Strong interpersonal and communication skills
Strong computer skills
Excellent writing skills in English,
Building materials expert
Job content
Monitor the transfer of Typha Material Technology and the corresponding R&D activities
Steer the Typha raw material supply in terms of quality, quantity and price
Guide the adaptation of material properties to local requirements
Accompany the build-up of the local construction site
Develop the business plan for the local production (in cooperation with the national socio-economist
Qualification
University or professional Degree in materials, building techniques, architecture or related field.
At least 5 years of experience in the Typha Building Material Production on the R&D scale as well as production according to free market principles
Previous experience in technology transfer or implementation of industrial processes is an advantage
Strong comprehension of construction technology and integrated thermal building schemes
Excellent oral, negotiation and presentation skills;
Excellent skills in English and French; Computer literacy,
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Building Technology and Integrated Thermal Building Management
Job content
Coordinate and monitor the technology transfer in EE building and Integrated Thermal Building Management
Definition of necessary properties of targeted materials with regard to the local conditions
Development of adapted standard solutions of integration of thermal insulation materials into the buildings organism
Capacity building in successful application and integration of the target materials into an overall integrated thermal building scheme
Qualification
University or professional Degree in materials, building techniques, architecture or related field.
At least 5 years of experience in the building sector
Strong experience in the development and implementation of integrated thermal building concepts, especially in the context of summer heat protection
Knowledge of the Senegalese building sector and the Senegalese socio-cultural environment
Excellent oral, presentation and didactical skills;
Excellent skills in English and French; Computer literacy
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ANNEX B - CO2 Emission Savings Calculation
This Annex presents the estimation of the CO2 emission reductions associated with the implementation of the proposed GEF-funded project.
The project involves the facilitation of the transfer of technology for producing energy efficient building material based on Typha, and the demonstration of their applications in the construction of new buildings and retrofit of existing ones. It will take 2 years to design the Typha-based products adapted to the local technical, sociological and economic environment and to establish a production facility at a pilot scale. During the third year, building materials produced from the pilot facility will be used for the pilot building (new and retrofit) demonstrations. At the end of the project, the capacity of the facility will be expanded through private sector investments so that it can provide Typha-based building materials for the construction of about 350 new residential buildings and the retrofit of about 900 office buildings per year.
Project potential of emission reductions
Direct emission savings
Among the outputs of the project will be the following:
Successfully completed demonstration of Typha cement based building materials application in one building retrofit
Successfully completed demonstrations of Typha cement based building materials application in four new modern buildings
As a result of these activities at the end of the project implementation period of 4 years, potential direct greenhouse gas emission reductions of about 787.5 tons of CO2 per year are expected. The estimate is calculated based on the following assumptions:
Parameters Amount RemarksRehabilitation projectsNumber of buildings 1 This is a 9-storey national government
administrative building that is up for renovation.Type of air conditioning system RACAverage number of air conditionings 100
Electricity consumption, kWh/unit of RAC 0.7Operating hours/year, hrs 1,000Impact of insulation with Typha-based material, % of non-insulated system energy consumption
30% Conservative estimate based on performance simulation test
Useful life of typha-based insulation, years 20 TypicalBuilding lifetime, years (installed typha-based insulation will be replaced once)
25 Typical average lifetime
CO2 emissions par Senegalese electricity mix, tCO2eq/MWh
0.7 90% diesel power generation; 10% hydro
Annual CO2 emissions reduction, tons 14.7
New modern domestic buildingsNumber of buildings 4 Representing 4 different types of buildings: (i)
Office, (ii) Houses, and (iii) 2 low rise apartments
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Building Type i OfficeType of air conditioning system RACAverage number of air conditionings 50
Electricity consumption, kWh/unit of RAC 0.7Operating hours/year, hrs 1,000Impact of insulation with Typha-based material, % of non-insulated system energy consumption
30%
Building Type ii HousesType of air conditioning system RACAverage number of air conditionings 5Electricity consumption, kWh/unit of RAC 0.7Operating hours/year, hrs 500Annual Energy Consumption, kWh 30Building Type iii ApartmentsType of air conditioning system RACAverage number of air conditionings 10Electricity consumption, kWh/unit of RAC 0.7Operating hours/year, hrs 500Impact of insulation with Typha-based material, % of non-insulated system energy consumption
30%
Useful life of typha-based insulation, years 20 TypicalAverage Building lifetime, years (installed typha-based insulation will be replaced twice)
50
CO2 emissions by Senegalese electricity mix, tCO2eq/MWh
0.7
Total Annual CO2 emissions reduction (retrofitted building), Tons
21.6
Total Annual CO2 emissions reduction (new buildings), tons
8.4 7.3 from building i + 0.4 from building ii + 2*0.7 from building iii
Overall Annual total potential CO2 emission reduction, tons
23.1
Total direct potential CO2 emission reduction, tons
787.5 14.7 * 25 years + 8.4 * 50 years
Substitution of diesel in electricity production
CO2 emissions by Senegalese electricity mix (Diesel generators 90%, hydroelectricity 10%) usually acknowledged is 0.7 tons CO2 per MWh.
Dakar city constitutes the main market for the new Typha-based building material facility. It benefits from a microclimate characterized by at least 4 months of cold weather, during which time the electricity consumptions for air-conditioning are low.
The operating hours for air conditioners are estimated at 6 hours for offices (at heat peak), only on working days, and 12 hours every day (at night) in domestic buildings.
The electricity consumption of an average air-conditioner is estimated at 0.7 kWh.
The estimated lifetime of new buildings is 50 years, while for a retrofitted building is half of that. The insulation materials however, will likely have lower lifespan, depending of the conditions of integration to building envelope. Building material experts predict that the new insulation will be effective for a minimum of 20 years. Considering the building lifetime, it is assumed that the insulations will be replaced after their useful lives. Hence, for a new building, there will be 2 replacements during its lifetime, while a
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retrofitted building would require 1 replacement, in order to realize their respective estimated lifetime CO2 emission reductions.
Indirect CO2 Emission Reduction
Bottom-up Approach: Using a replication factor of 3, the indirect emission reduction is 3 * 787.5 = 2,362 tons.
Top-Down Approach: Shown below is the summary of the forecast rehabilitated offices and new houses built using Typha-cement based building material. This is based on the technology transfer partner company (Naporo) development goals, which expects marketing 2/3 of its production in neighboring ECOWAS countries.
YearNo. of
Retrofitted Buildings
No. of New construction
Potential CO2 Emission Reduction
tons/year2014 1 4 482015 10 40 4832016 200 200 4,6202017 200 200 4,6202018 400 350 8,8202019 600 350 11,7602020 900 350 16,1702021 900 350 16,1702022 900 350 16,1702023 900 350 16,1702024 900 350 16,1702025 900 350 16,1702026 900 350 16,170Total 7711 3594 143,541
Considering a GEF Causality Factor of 0.6, considering the project will have to simultaneously address social, economic, technical and financial barriers to allow adoption of thermally efficient locally made building materials by local stakeholders, the indirect CO2 emission reduction is:
Indirect CO2 emission reduction = CO2 emission reduction (during 10 year influence period) X GEF Causality Factor = 143,541 * 0.6 = 86,124 tons.
Hence, the range of indirect CO2 emission reduction is: 2,362 – 86,124 tons.
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Annex C - References
Most of references used in this document have been provided by the stakeholders enumerated.
This annex summarizes the main written references used:
Rapports d’activité SENELEC
Deuxième Communication nationale du Sénégal – CCNUCC 2010
UN HABITAT - Document de programme Sénégal-2008
UN HABITAT Report-2009
N°2 de la revue REUSSIR- mars 2009
Bioenergy_project-ross bethio - Wolter Elbersen – 2005
Etude de faisabilité du projet Bionergy Ross Bethio – Rapport - final_SGI – décembre 2007
Chanvre matériau de construction - www.construction-chanvre.asso.fr
Projet Ker Garap – Etimos 2009
Concept paper infrastructures énergétiques. Proposition du Sénégal au MCC - 2008
Transformation des herbes envahissantes en granules combustibles à Ross-Béthio (Sénégal) – Amadou Oury Ba and alt.
Cattail (Typha Australis) as an innovative insulation and construction material for industrial and developing countries - Rolf-p. Owsianowski – 2006
PRODOC 4313_Senegal Ecovillages project – ANEV - 2010
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Annex D: Assessment of the Impact of Typha-based Insulation
Together with its technical partners, the project team carried out two independent analyses to assess the energy savings and the associated GHG emission reductions from the application of Typha-based insulation material in a building in Senegal.
The first simulation was done by Future Building, a research division of the Danube University of Krems, in September 2011, upon the request of Naporo.
All thermal load calculations were made with the use of the simulation software TAS (Thermal Analysis System) that was developed by Environmental Design Solutions (EDSL). The software calculates the thermal behaviour of the buildings in 20 minutes intervals, based on the climate data of Dakar (temperature, sun radiation, wind, surface conditions) and the internal conditions of the test building (heating / cooling, internal heat dissipation, the heat conductivity and the heat storage capacity of the materials).
The simulation was based on a standard office room of 3m x 4m x 2.8m in dimensions. In order to concentrate on the thermal effects of the wall materials:
- the room was assumed to be without windows- the thermal conductivity of the roof was set to a very low value
As shown on the following table, the results of the simulation show that with the Typha-cement material used as wall insulation, the annual cooling requirements can be lowered from about 91 kWh/m2 to around 52 kWh/m2. This corresponding to a reduction in energy consumption of about 43 %, due to a massive improvement of the u-value of the wall.
Building material Cooling needKWh/m²/year
Wall U-valueW/m²K
Cement, standard 91 1,12Typha Cement 52 0,28
A second simulation was done using the CLIP-BC3 software, which is a building energy simulation tool developed under a GEF-funded EE Buildings project in Tunisia. Although the assumptions applied are slightly different, the results are very similar.The assumptions used in the simulation are:
- a room without windows with surfaces of roof and walls respectively 11.98 m² and 39.17 m² in surface area. U-value of the wall is 0.92 W/m²K.
- air conditioning at 26°C from 8 AM to 7 PM, from Monday to Friday- infiltration rate is estimated at 0.2 air change /hour
The following are the results of the simulation:
Insulation Case KWh/year Re-quired
% Reduction
Roof non insulatedWall light concrete non-insulated 111.6Wall insulated (Typha-cement) 92.48 -7.2%
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Roof insulatedWall light concrete non-insulated 48.2Wall insulated (Typha-cement) 23.2 -52%
Other simulations were done with the following assumptions:- The roof is protected by a white painted over-roof placed 20cm above the roof for proper
ventilation. This simulates the impact of applying sun protection to the roof combined with ventilation to allow significant reduction in cooling loads.
The graph below shows the temperature trends over a week during the hot season.Blue : T° internal, roof non-insulated
Red : T° internal, roof insulated
Green : T° internal, roof protected and ventilated
Grey : T° external
According to Mr. Macke Niang, Senegalese architect, “Double ventilated roof impact is largely acknowledged in traditional Diola building (south Senegal) as well as in modern building (initiatives of SICAP inhabitants) design and construction. It can reduce internal temperature by 2°C. It is important to consider also that low thermal performances of Typha-cement are expected to be compensated by its hydrometric properties: by regulating internal humidity, it improves hydrothermal comfort at a level that can allow no air-conditioning.”
The first simulation indicated a potential of 43% cooling road reduction, while the second simulation showed a cooling load reduction potential of 52%. With improved design, the project team concludes that on average a 50% reduction of cooling load (and relative GHG reduction) is a sound approximation of the impact of insulating buildings in Senegal with Typha based products.
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